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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

raziyeh ghafouri

  • شکیلا شریفیان، نگین فرید، راضیه غفوری *، فاطمه ترکانی
    زمینه

    سالیانه بیش از یک میلیون سرطان کولورکتال در دنیا شناسایی می شود که علت 600 هزار مرگ در سراسر دنیا است. مرگ و میر ناشی از سرطان کلورکتال را براحتی می توان با کولونوسکوپی کاهش داد. اگرچه کولونوسکوپی بهترین روش تشخیص سرطان کولورکتال محسوب می شود اما می تواند موجب بروز اضطراب و نگرانی در افراد شود. با توجه به اینکه تاکنون ابزار مناسب ارزیابی نگرانی از کولونوسکوپی تهیه نشده است، لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی و روانسنجی ابزار ارزیابی نگرانی مرتبط با انجام کولونوسکوپی انجام شده است.

    روش کار

    مطالعه حاضر با رویکرد توصیفی-مقطعی جهت تهیه و روانسنجی ابزار نگرانی از کولونوسکوپی انجام شد. در گام اول مرور متون جهت شناسایی گویه های مرتبط با اضطراب قبل از انجام آزمایش کولونوسکوپی انجام شد و در مرحله بعدی پنل خبرگان با حضور 3 نفر از متخصصین گوارش و 7 نفر از صاحب نظران پرستاری حوزه گوارش و روان پرستاری تشکیل شد و در خصوص گویه های مرتبط به اجماع رسیدند. پس از آن روایی صوری و محتوایی به روش کمی با محاسبه شاخص روایی محتوا و ضریب روایی محتوا بررسی شدند. در مرحله بعدی 106 بیمار به صورت آنلاین پرسشنامه ها را تکمیل کردند و روایی سازه ای آنها با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی بررسی شد. در این پژوهش اعتبار سیاهه، تجزیه و تحلیل اجزای اصلی آن از طریق تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با چرخش واریماکس و سپس تحلیل عاملی تائیدی انجام شد. پایایی ابزار نیز با آلفا کرونباخ بررسی شد.

    یافته ها

    در بخش مرور متون 33 گویه مرتبط با اضطراب قبل از انجام کولونوسکوپی شناسایی شد که با نظر خبرگان در 22 گویه خلاصه گردید. در بررسی روایی محتوایی نیز 2 گویه به علت ضروری نبودن حذف شدند. 49 مرد و 51 زن بیمار با میانگین (انحراف معیار) سنی 48/85 (16/21) پرسشنامه ها را تکمیل نمودند. در بخش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی 20 گویه در 5 عامل شامل نگرانی ابتلا، پیامدهای بیماری، مقاومت در برابر بیماری، آگاهی به بیماری، نگرانی در رابطه با فرآیند و آمادگی کولونوسکوپی خلاصه شد. این 5 عامل 57/76 درصد کل واریانس را تبیین نمودند. با تحلیل عاملی تاییدی ارتباط بین گویه ها و عامل ها تایید شد. همسانی درونی ابزار با آلفای کرونباخ 0/91 تایید شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که ابزار بررسی نگرانی در بیماران تحت کولونوسکوپی با 20 گویه و 5 عامل، روایی و پایایی مناسب دارد و می تواند در ارزیابی نگرانی مرتبط با انجام آزمایش کولونوسکوپی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

    پیامدهای عملی

    نتایج این پژوهش می تواند سیاست گذاری های حوزه درمان را به منظور کاهش نگرانی بیماران برای انجام کولونوسکوپی را تغییر دهد. با شناسایی عامل اضطراب می توان راهکار مناسبی در خصوص اضطراب آنان در مورد هر یک از عوامل بکار برد.

    کلید واژگان: اضطراب, کولونوسکوپی, تحلیل عاملی, روانسنجی
    Shakila Sharifian, Negin Farid, Raziyeh Ghafouri *, Fatemeh Torkani
    Background

    More than 1 million colorectal cancers (CRC) are diagnosed annually. This cancer is the cause of 600,000 deaths, and many of these deaths can be reduced by screening. Colonoscopy is the best screening method and tool to diagnose CRC, but it causes anxiety and worry in patients. In addition, no appropriate tool has so far been introduced for assessing anxiety in these patients. Accordingly, the present study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate a tool for assessing anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

    Methods

    This methodological study used a descriptive-cross-sectional approach to design a psychometric questionnaire. To this end, 106 patients participated in this research, and the questionnaire was completed online. The validity of the list and the analysis of its main components were determined through exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the tool was also checked with Cronbach’s alpha.

    Results

    Overall, 20 terms of the questionnaire were examined by exploratory analysis, and 5 factors explained 57.76% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the tool with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91.

    Conclusion

    The findings of the research revealed that the tool for assessing anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy with 20 items and 5 factors has adequate validity and reliability and can be used to assess the anxiety of colonoscopy patients.

    Practical Implications

    The results of this research can change policies in the field of treatment to reduce the anxiety of colonoscopy patients.

    Keywords: Anxiety, Colonoscopy, Factor Analysis, Psychometric Assessment
  • Raziyeh Ghafouri *, Roxana Karbaschi, Alireza Mashhadi Hosein, Shakila Sharifian
    BACKGROUND
    Patients with cardiovascular disease need to adhere to their treatment and care recommendations to prevent the progression of their condition and improve their quality of life. In this regard, this study was conducted to develop a mobile application and test its effectiveness in improving medication adherence among persons with cardiac disease.
    METHODS
    The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage involved the preparation of the “Mobile Application for Persons with Cardiac Disease” using the cascade model. In the second stage, 121 patients who were hospitalized in the cardiac intensive care unit of Ayatollah Taleghani Medical Education Center of Tehran from March to August 2023 were enrolled. The participants were randomly assigned to either the control group (63 people) or the intervention group (58 people). The study collected data using a medication adherence questionnaire on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after discharge and compared the results with the control group. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.
    RESULTS
    The average age of the control group was 56.75 ± 11.38 years, and the average age of the intervention group was 57.03 ± 11.55 years. The comparison of the average medication adherence with independent t-tests showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after discharge (P<0.01). The results of the repeated measures test in each group also showed that the difference between the groups increased over time (P<0.001).
    CONCLUSION
    The results of the study showed that the mobile application is effective in improving medication adherence among heart patients.
    Keywords: Mobile Applications, Medication Adherence, Heart Disease, Effectiveness
  • Amir Sadeghi, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Marzieh Pazokian, Arezoo Qadimi, Hosna Karami Khaman, Raziyeh Ghafouri *
    Introduction
    Medical mistakes cause injury to patients and raise the expenses of treatment and hospital stays. The current study aimed to identify medical errors in the field of gastroenterology and propose a prevention strategy.
    Materials and Methods
    The study was carried out through a mixed method (quantitative, qualitative) in a sequential manner. In the first stage (quantitative), common errors in the department were identified. In the second stage (qualitative stage), data gathering was done by interviewing nurses and doctors. The collected data was analyzed using content analysis method and error prevention strategies were identified.
    Results
    The mean (standard deviation) score of patients in the departments were 66.28 (98.7), and the mean number of nurses was 4.83 (26.3). It was found that the most medical errors were not serious, and the most errors in drug registration were drug card registration (42.9%), drug preparation (38.1%), and drug prescription (33.3%). Medical errors resulting in severe complications due to incorrect patient identification accounted for 2% of the total errors. The suggested prevention strategies included: adjusting department supervision processes, ensuring proper training, enhancing patient education, and developing a culture of error reporting.
    Conclusion
    The study's findings revealed a high frequency of errors that were largely benign and identified before they occurred. Nevertheless, given their potential to inflict harm, it is essential to implement effective error detection and reporting system.
    Keywords: Medical error, Medication error, Patient safety, Gastroenterology
  • Raziyeh Ghafouri *
    Introduction
    Patient education is a dynamic and continuous process that starts from the moment of admitting the patient and continues after the discharge. The objective of such education is to empower patients to do self-care and improve their quality of lives. Different methods are available for education. This study was aimed to explore the Facilitators and barriers of remote education using mobile massaging applications. 
    Materials and Methods
    The study was conduct as a participatory action research. Participants were 70 nurses, 14 physicians, and 96 patients. Data was collect with interviews. Data analysis method was content analysis and the research process consisted of four phases of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. 
    Results
    The categories of the Facilitators of mobile learning from physicians, nurses, and patients’ viewpoints were “more accessibility, complete and comprehensive, and ease of virtual education.” Among the barriers were “large volume of content, out of date content that puzzles the users, invalidity of some references, and the risk of infection transmission through mobile phone.” The participants emphasized on the necessity of codifying content, updating educational resources, teaching the methods of using reliable references, and codifying guidelines of disinfecting mobile phones. 
    Conclusion
    Patient education through remote education in virtual space using massaging applications is an efficient, comprehensive, accessible, and economic method that also brings patients’ satisfaction. It is essential to use experts’ viewpoints to update the references. The patients need to be educated about the right way of disinfecting mobile devices and find reliable references.
    Keywords: Distance education, Mobile. Self-Care, Patient Education, Virtual Space
  • Raziyeh Ghafouri, Arezoo Qadimi, Hosna Karami Khomaam
    BACKGROUND

    The high prevalence of coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19) has a lot of stress on medical students. This study was conducted to investigating the adaptation strategy with COVID‑19 health anxiety in nursing students

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    This study was designed as a cross‑sectional study. Participants of the study were 431 students of the Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria were studying at the time of the outbreak of COVID‑19 and willingness to participate in the study. Data collection tools included participated in the study. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Health Anxiety and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Short Form). Reliability of tools was assessed and confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of health anxiety was 0.76 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was 0.79. Data were collected between July 2020 and September 2020. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the data. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.

    RESULTS

    Findings indicated that most of the participants were female, single, 22–28 years old, and undergraduate students. The mean of COVID‑19 health anxiety was 5.59 ± 17.04. Results showed that 19.58 ± 5.05 of the participants used avoidance‑focused adaptation strategies, 25.12 ± 3.88 problem‑focused adaptation strategies, and 19.32 ± 5.13 emotion‑focused adaptation strategies.

    CONCLUSION

    The COVID‑19 health anxiety was higher in female, young, and married students. The problem‑focused adaptation strategy should be further taught so that students can better coping with COVID‑19 health anxiety.

    Keywords: Anxiety, coronavirus disease‑2019, education, nursing, student
  • Foroozan Atashzadeh‑Shoorideh, Sadat Seyed Bagher Maddah, Leila Azimi, Tahereh Toulabi, Leila Valizadeh, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Raziyeh Ghafouri*
    BACKGROUND

    Planning for the issuance of professional competency examination has been put on the agenda of professional policymakers, but the ways of evaluating and conducting examinations and its dimensions are the main challenges. The present study aimed to explain the essential dimensions of professional competency examination in Iran from academic and clinical nurses’ perspective.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    The present mixed‑method study was performed at three stages, systematic review, qualitative, and quantitative stages. At the first stage, 56 articles and texts were collected from PubMed, CINHAL, Ovid, and ProQuest databases, by using the keywords, namely professional competency examination and assessment. Base on the inclusion criteria and eligibility assessment of article, six articles and one text on regulation were selected. At the second stage, the results of the literature review were approved by 20 nursing experts. Direct content analysis was used for data analysis. The results were prepared in the form of a questionnaire. At the last stage, the questionnaire was given to 2209 clinical, academic, nurse managers, and nurses.

    RESULTS

    Based on findings of the review literature, essential dimensions of the professional competency examination included a central theme of the client’s needs with four categories. At the second stage, the Professional Competency Examination dimensions were approved by experts. At the third stage, a comparison of findings indicated that clinical nurses emphasized more on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, client safety, and implementation of procedures, while academic nurses emphasized on the client’s needs, client education, and clients’ physiological integrity.

    CONCLUSION

    The client’s need is the most important dimension in the professional competency examination. The nurses will be successful in providing care if they can identify the clients’ needs and provide care plans based on client needs and priorities.

    Keywords: Client, nursing, patient safety, patient, professional competence, ethics
  • Maryam Saeedi, Raziyeh Ghafouri*, Fereshteh Javaheri Tehrani, Zahra Abedini

    Motivation is one of the key factors in educational achievement. Like any other field of study, motivation in nursing is highly critical. The instructor’s knowledge about the teaching methods that are effective in academic motivation of students enables them to adopt proper measures to improve the teaching efficiency. The present paper is a systemic review of the efficiency of instructional interventions in improvement of academic motivation in nursing students. The published papers related to the study from 2000 to February 2020 were searched at different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and ERIC. To examine the quality of the articles, critical appraisal instrument for reports of educational interventions was used. Totally, 18 articles entered the study for structured review. The majority of the articles reported that educational interventions improved academic motivation in nursing students. The effective teaching methods described in the reviewed articles that led to an improvement in academic motivation were simulation, case‑based learning, cooperative learning, learning contract, peer assessment, and self‑assessment using video typing. As the findings showed, implementation of applied and participatory methods in teaching process improved the academic motivation of nursing students. Therefore, using such methods, nursing instructors can improve the academic motivation of their students.

    Keywords: Motivation, nursing, students, systematic review, training techniques
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