rehmat zaman

 Tuberculosis is one of the most frequent and persistent global diseases causing millions of deaths every year. Pakistan lies at number 6 among the 22 most dominant countries, with multidrug resistance up to 15%. Isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are gradually rising and seem to be more prevalent in developing countries. Mutations in the katG gene are considered to be responsible for the accusation of isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis.

 The current study was designed to investigate the structural and functional associations of KatG gene mutations (S315R and S315T) and multidrug resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates from Karachi, Pakistan.

 The present study revealed conformational changes in the structure of the KatG enzyme due to observed mutations, which led to induced alterations in isoniazid binding residues at the active site of the KatG enzyme. Furthermore, substantial changes were observed in interaction energy, ligand-receptor energy, electrostatic energy, salvation energy, and ligand-receptor conformational entropy. All these resultant modifications due to S315R and S315T mutations ultimately reduced the flexibility and stability of proteins at isoniazid-binding residues.

 This deviation in the consistency of protein texture eventually compromises the enzyme activity. It is well expected that the outcomes of the current study would provide a better understanding of the consequences of these mutations and provide a detailed insight into some previously unknown features.

A novel Schiff base was synthesized by the reaction of piperonal and anthranilic acid, which was further utilized in the synthesis of five novel complexes by reaction with different metal salts ultrasonically. Time for the reaction was greatly reduced through ultrasound irradiations and the yield of reactions was also high as compared to the conventional methods using reflux conditions. The synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques like UV-Visible, IR, and 1H NMR. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Good results were obtained in the case of antibacterial activities.