فهرست مطالب reza abdollahi

The experiment was conducted to measure the ileal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility, and total tract retention (TTR) of Ca and P in soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), limestone, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and dicalcium phosphate (DCP)) for growing pullets using the direct method. Five semi-purified diets containing limestone, DCP, and MCP with a dietary Ca concentration of 10 g/kg, SBM and CM with a dietary Ca concentration of 1.9 and 2.5 g/kg, respectively, were generated. Each diet was randomly allotted to six replicates (eight birds per each) and fed for 3 days. True Ca digestibility coefficients of DCP, MCP, and limestone were determined to be 0.55, 0.57, and 0.76, respectively and in SBM and CM were 0.91 and 0.76, respectively. The highest true ileal digestibility of calcium was related to soybean meal, which was significantly higher than dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate (P<0.01). Calcium concentration in the gizzard contents of birds was higher (P < 0.01) for limestone as compared to DCP, MCP and SBM. Apparent ileal P digestibility coefficients of MCP and DCP (0.83 and 0.93, respectively), was higher than CM (P<0.01). Whereas, the TTR of phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate (0.905) was significantly higher than the other examined ingredients. The present data indicated that in laying pullets on wk 12, true Ca digestibility in limestone, SBM and CM was higher than DCP and MCP, wherease, digestibility coefficinets of P in DCP and MCP was similar and higher than other studied sources,.

The movement of Sheikh Obaidullah Nahri (Shamzini) took place in 1297 AH (1880 AD) during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar. To understand the aspects of the movement and the context in which it was formed, the political situation in the Kurdish regions of Iran and the Ottoman Empire must be carefully examined. This research has used the descriptive-explanatory method to analyze data and information collected in the form of libraries and documents. This study seeks to answer the question of the effect of the political situation in the Kurdish regions of Iran and the Ottoman Empire on the formation of the Sheikh Obaidullah Nahri movement. The results show that the geographical location of the Kurdish regions, the unstable situation of Iranian and Ottoman Kurdistan due to the inefficient policy and inability of the central government to maintain order and security in these areas, as well as the tyrannical and marauding behavior of local rulers, unplanned taxation and so forth, forced the people of these areas to revolt to get rid of the current situation. Meanwhile, Sheikh Obaidullah Nahri as the religious leader of the Kurds reacted to the social and economic situation of Kurdistan with a considerate political move.

Dyes are one of the most important industrial environmental pollutants, and therefore their removal from industrial wastewater is very important. The malachite green is a very toxic dye for the environment and humans, therefore an economical and high-efficiency method to remove this dye from water solutions is necessary. In this study, the removal of malachite green was investigated using a economical and effective adsorbent, in which activated carbon from date kernel was used. Activated carbon from date kernel was modified by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and calcium oxide. The properties and characteristics of these adsorbents were investigated using FTIR, VSM, TGA, XRD and SEM analyzes. Parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of malachite green were optimized. Equilibrium and kinetic study of adsorption process was performed using common models. The results showed optimal conditions for adsorption of malachite green using the adsorbent are: initial concentration equal to 10 mg/l, pH=7, contact time equal to 20 minutes, adsorbent dose for AC, AC/Fe3O4 and AC/Fe3O4/CaO equal to 3, 3 and 2 g/l, respectively. The Freundlich model also has a higher ability to describe process equilibrium behavior and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model has a good ability to express reaction kinetics. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of malachite green by the AC, AC/Fe3O4 and AC/Fe3O4/CaO was determined to be 50.9 mg/g, 85.7 mg/g and 107.4 mg/g respectively. The desorption and reuse ability of AC/Fe3O4/CaO was investigated up to 8 steps, which showed that the adsorbent has the ability to be reused several times in the adsorption process. The results showed that modification of activated carbon with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and calcium oxide increases its adsorption efficiency and makes it a suitable adsorbent for commercialization.

Nowadays, biomechanical methods are useful to identify the cause and treating of diseases. One of these diseases is the cerebral aneurysm. This disease starts by the inflation of artery wall and then by rupturing, it leads to intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, it leads to morbidity or even it is the cause of the mortality for many patients. For this reasons, it is important to anticipate the emersion, growth and the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 2-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) are common methods for interrogation the rupture of aneurysms and evaluating the effective hemodynamic parameters. In this study, they were employed to obtain appropriate information of a cerebral aneurysm. A patient-specific giant aneurysm was chosen in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Mooney-Rivlin parameters were used for the solid part and a non-Newtonian Carreu model was employed in the fluid part. Important hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS), time average wall shear stress (TAWSS), spatial average wall shear stress (SAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT) were discussed. In addition, these methods were then compared and the number of cycles assessed to determine the accuracy of the solutions. Both methods illustrate a similar location for the risk of a rupture related to these hemodynamic parameters but with different quantities. The novelty of this works lies at the feasibility of using the FSI and CFD methods to show the cost function in the future clinical decision-making.

Nurses need to be resilient to be able to endure their working conditions, and their moral courage can affect their resilience. This work aimed at studying the relationship between resilience and professional moral courage among nurses working in hospitals.This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 nurses working in teaching hospitals in the city of Ardabil in Iran in 2019. Data was collected using the following questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, Sekerka et al. Moral Courage Scale and Davidson-Connor Resilience Scale. The reliability of the Davidson-Connor Resilience Scale, and Moral Courage Scale were found to be 89% and 85% using the test-retest method. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, variance analysis, and linear regression using the SPSS software version 24.In participating nurses, mean scores were 6.35±0.5 for total moral courage (favorable) and 79.35±0.35 (moderate) for resilience, respectively. A positive and significant relationship was observed between resilience and professional moral courage (P<0.05, r=0.1). Given the positive and significant relationship between resilience and professional moral courage, nurses require to have the high moral courage to enhance their resilience. Determining factors affecting moral courage and resilience, as well as finding strategies and creating an appropriate moral climate can increase nurses' morally courageous behaviors and resilience.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size and different insoluble fiber sources on performance and carcass and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 660 male broilers were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments and five replicates per treatment. The factors of interest were two corn particle sizes (2 and 6 mm) and three insoluble fiber sources (lignocellulose, rice hull, RH and sunflower hull, SFH). The main effect of fiber source was significant for the body weight gain (P<0.01) and feed conversion ratio, with SFH inclusion improved BWG (P<0.01) and FCR (P<0.01) compared to OH and lignocellulose. The supplementation of lignocellulose (P<0.05) and fine particles (P<0.01) resulted in higher carcass weight compared to other fiber sources and coarse particles, respectively. Feeding lignocellulose increased (P<0.01) the weight of the small intestine than the other two fiber sources. The Experimental treatments had no significant effect on the relative length of small intestinal segments. Coarse grinding of corn and SFH inclusion reduced gizzard pH when compared to fine grinding and lignocellulose inclusion, respectively (P<0.05). The Gizzard weight of birds fed a diet containing lignocellulose and SFH was significantly higher (P<0.01) those fed RH. Generally, the dietary inclusion of 3% SFH improves growth performance through improved weight and reduced pH of gizzard and can be practically used in the broiler industry.

One of the movements that took place during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar and created a large scale and fear in the structure of the Qajar government was the movement of Sheikh Obaidullah Shamzini or Nahri (1880/1297). This movement was, in fact, an uprising of the lower classes against the status quo and a reformist attempt to show the inefficiency of the Qajar government. In relation to international politics, the Sheikh's lack of strategy and ignorance of the facts and requirements of international politics can be cited as factors in the movement's failure. Among foreign countries, the Russians played an important role in the failure of this political movement. This study seeks to answer the question of what role Russia played in the defeat of Sheikh Obaidullah's movement and how did it cause Sheikh Obaidullah's movement to fail? Based on the results of the present study; To further its interests, Russia opposed the movement and supported the Ottomans and Iran, as well as pursuing a policy of understanding and cooperation with the United Kingdom in the fight against the British movement, for fear of increasing British influence among the Kurds and jeopardizing its interests. The lack of political maturity of the leader of the movement in attracting the attention of the great powers, especially Russia, on the one hand, and the conflict between the formation of Kurdistan and Russia's Middle East strategy, on the other hand, made Russia play an important role in defeating Sheikh Obaidullah Shamzini's movement. Using first-hand and original sources and new research and Persian, Turkish and Kurdish documents and using descriptive-explanatory methods, this article seeks to provide a different analysis of Russia's role in the movement of Sheikh Obaidullah Shamzini.

The movement of Sheikh Obaidullah Shamzini (1297/1880) took place by the aim of forming an independent Kurdistan during Nasser al-Din Shah period. The main root of this movement, which made troubles for the Qajar government, lies in the tax pressures of the central government appointed rulers. This movement started from the origin of Sheikh Obaidullah, i.e. Ottoman Kurdistan. Although Sheikh Obaidullah movement rapidly covered a large part of Iran western regions, it quickly subsided. This study by analyzing data collected in the library and documentation method, seeks to answer the question of what internal factors led to the defeat of Sheikh Obaidullahchr('39')s movement?The results of this study show the heterogeny of Sheikh Obaidullahchr('39')s coalition forces, including goals and motivations of participating in the movement, frequent killings and looting different areas by Sheikh and his forces, weak and uncertain alliance of tribal forces with Sheikh Obaidullah, lacking support of the Kurds in regions of South Kurdistan of this movement, lacking strategy and Sheikhchr('39')s unawareness of international politic are among the most important internal factors in the defeat of Sheikh Obaidullahchr('39')s movement.

The purpose of the present study was to the relationship between organizational envy and positive work engagement in physical education teachers with the mediating role of hypocritical behaviors. Methodology of the research in terms of the main strategy, was quantitative, in terms of the strategy, was scrolling, and in terms of analytical, was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of physical education teachers in the South West Azerbaijan province (n = 450), 208 of whom were selected by random sampling. The research data were selected through organizational envy questionnaires of Valizadeh, Azarbayjani (2010), positive work engagement Utrecht (2009) and hypocritical behaviors Bagheri Mahonaki (2014). Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. 20 and lisrel. 8.50 were analyzed. The results showed that the direct effect of organizational Envy on positive work engagement (t = -0.28 , t = -0.38); the direct effect of hypocritical behaviors on positive work engagement (t = -0.05 , β = -0.25) the direct effect of organizational envy on hypocritical behaviors (β = 0.51 , t = 6.69). was significant and the indirect effect organizational envy with mediating hypocritical behaviors was on positive work engagement (β = 0.128). Therefore, organizational envy can provide the basis for hypocritical behaviors and reduce positive work engagement in teachers'. It is suggested that in order to increase positive work engagement in teachers' , managers and policymakers to norms and behaviors that reduce organizational Envy such as honesty, justice, commitment, and responsibility adhere in interacting with teachers.

Cerebral aneurysm disease causes intracranial hemorrhage by rupturing, which can eventually, lead to organ failure or death. For this reason, it is important to anticipate the reasons for rupturing of a cerebral aneurysm from biomechanical point of view. Investigating this disease may even help the physicians to find treatments and predict the patient’s situation. This research was conducted to understand risks of development and rupture of a patient-specific cerebral aneurysm.

In a computational simulation, fluid-structure interaction method has been used for a patient-specific case. Also, considering the speed of the systole as the initial condition of the problem, the blood fluid domain has been solved in three types of fluid mathematical models (Newtonian, non-Newtonian Carreau, and non-Newtonian power-law). Then, the pressure results on the wall have been transmitted to ANSYS software, version 15.0 (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) and the structure has been solved based on three material models (linear elastic, hyperplastic Neo-Hookean and hyperplastic Mooney-Rivlin, with 5 parameters). The study was done in University of Tehran, Iran, from October 2016 to September 2018.

Shear stress, pressure, flow velocity, wall displacement and von-Mises stress have been extracted from the simulations. The average wall displacement of the aneurysm was 1.8 mm. Also, no significant difference was found in the amount of arterial wall displacement, with constant wall material model and different blood models. However, a significant difference has been observed in the case of considering constant blood model and different wall material models in the value of displacement.

With regard to the amount of displacement of the aneurysm wall in this particular patient, with the geometry and location of the specific aneurysm, the brain nerves 3 and 6 were under stress and exposed to damage. The minimum shear stress was in the aneurysm neck, which stimulates the endothelial cells in the area of aneurysm. In addition, the blood model didn’t had a significant effect on the displacement calculations, while the wall material model played a more decisive role.

Novel nanocomposite films based on amylose (AM) and Fe3+-montmorillonite (Fe3+–MMT) in the matrix of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were fabricated by using a solution casting method. The X-Ray diffractional analysis indicated that an ion-exchange process occurred between Fe3+–MMT and PVP. Thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), differential termogravivetrical analysis (DTG), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results hinted to PVP/AM films forming a stabler network through the dispersion of Fe3+ cations. An increase in the loading of Fe3+–MMT improved the hydrophilic properties of PVP/AM films, which lead to the high degree of resistance against on the water absorption. Mechanical properties of PVP/AM films influenced by the uniform dispersion of Fe3+–MMT in polymer network established with strong covalent interactions between PVP/AM and Fe3+–MMT. This interaction not only improved the mechanical properties of the films, but also enhanced the thermal stability of them through the facilitating of the MMT dispersion within the polymer matrix.

Considering the importance of the role of advertising on social networks, especially for tourist services organizations, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of two factors of social interactions and information sources on purchase intention of tourism products and services in cyberspace. Statistical population is all the people who are active members of advertisement channels of tourism services in social networks of Telegram and Instagram. Random sampling method and Cochran formula were used for obtaining the sample size, and library and field methods were employed for data gathering. This study is a descriptive- correlation applied research. Data was collected using researcher questionnaire that was collected by convenient sampling from 390 people making the sample population. The questionnaire validity was confirmed by the related experts and reliability was evaluated by a pilot study from 30 respondents within statistical population; it was 0.8 after calculating Cronbach’s alpha and compound reliability. The results show that the information source has a positive and meaningful on attitude toward information usefulness. On the other side, social interactions have a positive and meaningful effect on customer’s subjective norm. Also, information source and social interactions have a positive and meaningful effect on word of mouth.

In this research an attempt has been made to survey the role of new media in “Occupy wall street” movement. It may caused by two reasons; First, new social movements do not trust on traditional media which represent money institutions and power owners. Second, social media are sociable. People use social networks to distribute information and news which are censored by governmental media. In this way, social media affect public thoughts and consequently this will support social movements. Group media are working in a vast impression zone, hence social movements need access to group media and develop oppositive stream. Network society development and “Occupy wall street” effects, have questioned some old media theories like Spiral of Silence, Framing and ….

The degradation of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) by means of ultrasound irradiation and its combination with heterogenous photocatalysis (TiO2 nanoparticles) was investigated. Emphasis was given on the effect of additive on degradation rate constants. 24 kHz of ultrasound irradiation was provided by a sonicator, while an ultraviolet source of 30 W was used for UV irradiation. To increase the efficiency of degradation process, degradation system was combined with TiO2 nanoparticles (0.1-0.6 g L-1) in the presence of UV irradiation. Sonophotocatalytic process led to complete PVP degradation in 150 min with the rate increasing with increasing catalyst loading. Sonophotocatalysis in the presence of nanoparticles was always faster than the respective individual processes. A synergistic effect between ultrasound and ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles was suggested. The average molecular weight of ultrasonicated PVPs was determined by measurements of intrinsic viscosity of samples.

In this work, photocatalytic degradation of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) in the presence of TiO nanoparticles was studied. An ultraviolet source with the power of 60W has been used to degrade the aqueous samples and the output power was adjusted in to different power named 30 and 60W, separately. This investigations show that with an increase in the amount of nanoparticles, the rate of degradation has been increased. A method of viscometry was used to study the degradation behaviour and kinetic model was developed to estimate the degradation rate constants. Also, increasing the rate of degradation decreased the viscosity average molecular weights of samples. A similar effect can be seen for the increase of irradiation power of UV source.

The influence of different intensities of ultrasound on the molecular weight of chitosan was investigated. Average molecular weight of ultrasonicated chitosan was determined by measurements of intrinsic viscosity of samples. Intrinsic viscosity of samples decreased exponentially with increasing sonication time. The Schmidt polymer degradation model was used to analyze the molecular weight decay as a function of sonication time as well as rate constant determination. In addition, the structure of the degraded chitosan was characterized by FT-IR spectral analysis. There was no significant change of the total degree of deacetylation (DD) of degraded chitosan compared with the initial chitosan.

There is a relationship between personality and reckless sexual behaviors. This research's objective is to investigate the relation between personality traits related to behavioral inhibition/activation brain systems with using or dont using the condom in illegitimate sexual contacts and compare with normal people. Method and Materials: In this prospective four months period all people who had referred to Tabriz Red Crescent Community Aids Consultation Center were allocated and arranged in two groups: Those with high risk sexual contacts and those with low risk sexual contacts. Control group was allocated from the same community. In each groups data were collected by questionnaires that was focused on five main areas. Demographic information, behavioral inhibition/activation systems scale, Essence personality questionnaire, positive and negative affects scale, anxiety trait questionnaire. Our data was analyzed by MANOVA test. Results of this study revealed that those with high risk sexual relationships, significantly had a stronger behavioral activation system in compared with low risk group (P=. /035), they also had higher neurosis than control group (P=. /005), higher extroversion than low risk group (P=. /015), more positive affect than control group (P=./033) and low risk group (P=./002), higher negative affect than control group (P=./006), those with low risk sexual relationships significantly suffered higher neurosis than control group (P=./035), lower extroversion than control group (P=./008), higher negative affect than control group (P=./048), higher anxiety trait than control group (P=./003). 25percent of those with high risk, and 9percent of those with low risk sexual relationships behavior had been neurotic pills purring. In people with illegitimate sexual relationships, behavioral activation brain System is linked with lack of condom usage behavior. And personality traits related to behavioral inhibition brain system are linked with consistent condom usage behavior. Illegitimate sexual relationship is associated with by personality disorder.

Periods are the most important parts of the Iranian calendars. During the Achaemenien dynasty the lunisolar 19-year system was in official use. The lunisolar 25-year cycle of intercalation was in use by the Seleucid.At first the Arsacid used the same way of the Seleucid, but then used the solar calendar with the era of the first king of the dynasty. During the Sassanid era the Arsacid calendar became popular in two forms of common civil (or khirājī) and Vahijkik (one month intercalation in every 120 years).The period of leap years in every 120 years during the Sassanid era have been studied by Iranian researchers and orientalists. The doubled intercalary which was two months simultaneously in 461 A.D. during Firūz monarchy (the son of Yesdgerd II, 484-459 A.D.), has been the turning point of intercalary not only in the Iranian calendar but also in other Islamic possessions for about 600 years.The new way of intercalary which was applied in Jalālī calendar is an honor for the Iranian mathematicians and astronomers which found it about 1000 years ago.Unfortunately, there would never be a periodical usage for the leap years, even in the present formal Hejira solar calendar.The 2820-year intercalation period is one of the new innovations which presented by some modern researchers, but its way lacks accuracy and efficiency of the 128-year historical intercalation period.