reza asadi

Cannabis is the most widely used drug in the world. The present study aimed to analyze the discriminant of cannabis use intensity based on attachment style, anger rumination, perceived social support, and life satisfaction.
The present study was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the research included all cannabis users in the city of Arak. 90 people were selected by snowball sampling method. The data were collected from the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (Hominiuk et al., 2008), the Adult Attachment Inventory (Bashart, 2011), the Anger Rumination Scale (Sukhodolsky et al., 2001), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985). Data analysis was done using the discriminant analysis method and SPSS-26 software.
The results of the discriminant analysis showed that all three dimensions of the attachment style variable, the total score of anger rumination variable, family and friends components of the perceived social support variable, as well as the total score of this scale and the variable of life satisfaction, showed significant differences between the studied groups.
Considering the ability to differentiate research variables, they can be used to differentiate the intensity of cannabis use into three groups: lower risk, medium risk, and high risk.

As a result of the developments in mysticism in the seventh century; a new tradition was formed in Islamic mysticism. One of the most important divisions cited in mystical texts is the division of Islamic mysticism into practical and theoretical mysticism, each of which has a special place in mysticism. Some experts in the definition of this type of mysticism have a meaning beyond the conventional definition and believe that in practical mysticism should pay attention to its functional aspect in society. Saadi Shirazi is one of those people who believe that the teachings of mysticism should not be summarized in solitude, but mystical teachings should be applied in the context of society. He tries to solve the problems of others and alleviate the suffering of human beings. Unlike some solitary Sufis, who have chosen the corner of seclusion for their own reasons, among the mystical elements, he goes to the components that, in addition to self-purification, purify the soul. And the purification of the human soul is also effective in the context of society and to improve and correct the shortcomings of society. From this text-based and library-based study, it is concluded that Sheikh Saadi, when talking about mystical issues, in terms of the effectiveness of mysticism He has a practical opinion and has always considered the social function of mysticism and its impact on the context of the life of individuals in society.

Rice is one of the most important agricultural products in the world. Rice cultivation in Iran has great economic and social importance. Mazandaran province is one of the most important rice production centers in Iran, accounting for 44% of the Iran's rice production. Due to the high consumption of water in the agricultural sector, the optimal use of water resources in agriculture is necessary.The water required by rice is directly related to evapotranspiration. The most reliable method of calculating evapotranspiration is using a lysimeter. The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the evapotranspiration of different varieties of rice using mini-lysimeters and to introduce the best variety for cultivation.

The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments, at Rice Research Institute of Iran (Amol) during the 2020. The treatments included different rice varieties in 11 levels T1: AR2, T2: AR6, T3: AHS, T4: DAH, T5: 1117, T6: 952, T7: 956, T8: E104, T9: S715, T10: Tarom, and T11: Shiroodi. Mini lysimeters with open bottom and closed bottom had a diameter of 60 cm and a height of 50 cm. Field soil was sampled from 0 to 30 cm depth and studied in the laboratory. The date of transplanting was similar in all rice cultivars The planting density of seedlings was 20×20 cm and 7 seedlings were placed in lysimeter. The lysimeters were placed 6 cm above the ground in the soil. The seeds were planted in a treasury and the seedlings were placed in the lysimeter after 30-35 days (after 3-4 leaves and height 25-20 cm). Water management in lysimeters was in the form of flooding (5 cm). Finally, variance analysis of the obtained data was done using SAS software and the mean of the treatments were compared through the least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level.

The results showed that different varieties and lines of rice was effective on infiltration, evapotranspiration, yield, water consumption and were statistically significant at 1% level of probablity. The highest and lowest evapotranspiration with averages of 4938.7 and 3747 m3/ha belonged to T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest yields with averages of 7773.7 and 2938.1 kg/ha belonged to T8 and T6 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest values of deep percolation were observed with averages of 303.3 and 185.3 mm in T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of applied water with averages of 9972 and 7600.3 m3/ha belonged to T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest water productivity with averages of 0.98 and 0.3 kg/m3 were related to T8 and T9 treatments, respectively. The results showed that the length of the plant growth period was different in the tested cultivars and lines and it was effective on the amount of water consumption..

Finally, in the normal conditions of the region, line E104 is introduced as the best treatment due to the production of maximum grain yield, while in water shortage conditions, the line 1117 is recommended for planting due to less water consumption.

With changing living conditions, households develop diverse needs, prompting moves within the city that involve changes in residential units and the socio-economic environment of surrounding residents. In this paper, the identification of housing pattern selection and the differentiation of households’ preferences are explained based on the life course theory, which describes the general cycle of life changes and housing needs for all households. In the development of the mentioned theory, every urban household is divided into distinct categories with socio-economic characteristics, and these distinctions are the source of various housing choices. Identifying the effects and relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of households and the characteristics of neighbors explains the main discourses and currents of the city; such as the homogeneity of localities and spatial separation. In this paper, the choice of housing for certain groups in Tehran is discussed, emphasizing the socio-economic context of their chosen neighborhood. Therefore, the target household groups of the research are immigrants to Tehran, those born outside of Tehran, simple workers, single-parent households, individuals with disabilities and renters.

Housing choice modeling employs discrete choice methodology and utilizes “quantitative multivariate regression” techniques, allowing for the analysis of multiple dependent variables. The model’s input data is sourced from the 2013 general population and housing census of Tehran city, as well as urban facility data from the detailed plan. The variables pertaining to the residential unit group include infrastructure size and building sustainability. Socio-economic structure variables encompass the female literacy rate, female employment rate, higher education attendance rate, private vehicles per capita, and student attendance rate.

The research findings indicate that variables related to the “residential unit” group apply the most significant influence on housing choice. Additionally, all socio-economic variables demonstrate a significant relationship, validating the model’s accuracy. Notably, “personal car per capita” and “women’s literacy rate” contribute the highest percentage of explanation within this group. Among certain groups, there is a higher likelihood of selecting residential units with limited infrastructure and unstable buildings within the “residential unit” group. Similarly, the probability of choosing neighborhoods with lower socio-economic contexts increases. An exception to this trend is observed among immigrants who arrived within the last five years. Overall, the research suggests that, for certain groups, the priority lies in selecting a suitable residential unit over the neighborhood. However, for immigrants who have lived in the area for the past five years, prioritizing the socio-economic context of the neighborhood becomes more prevalent.

The research findings highlight that, within the housing selection model, the characteristics of the residential unit show a significantly greater influence compared to the socio-economic context of the neighborhood. This prioritization of housing unit characteristics over other housing attributes aligns with observations made in third-world countries (Coulomb, 1998; Jacob & Saved off, 1999; Koizumi & Asadi et al., 2021). Reasons cited include the lack of premeditated planning for urban development, ineffective zoning regulations, and challenges within city neighborhoods. Furthermore, the pattern of residential unit selection remains consistent across the research groups, with an increased likelihood of choosing units with limited infrastructure and greater building instability. It appears that, for all groups, selecting appropriate housing takes precedence over choosing an ideal living environment. Within the socio-economic context of neighborhoods, car ownership and the literacy rate of women emerge as significant indicators of socio-economic differentiation in urban environments. Car ownership serves as a tangible marker of household wealth and is closely aligned with the city’s wealth distribution pattern, making it the primary index for defining the residential environment. Following closely, the literacy rate among women emerges as the second most influential indicator, impacting all target groups studied in this research. This underscores the importance of women’s education and their role within household structures in shaping Tehran’s socio-economic landscape, ultimately influencing household decisions in selecting a neighborhood. In analyzing the selection pattern of the socio-economic environment for residence, it was observed that nearly all independent variables and household characteristics align. Notably, as the quality of socio-economic neighborhood characteristics decreases, the likelihood of selection by research groups increases. However, an exception is noted among recent immigrants within the last five years, suggesting a divergence in the pattern of selecting the socio-economic environment among households-an important finding of this study.

Personality disorders have a wide impact on people's personal and social life.

The present study aimed to determine the degree of differentiation of cluster B personality disorders based on interpersonal problems.

The design of the current research was descriptive and of a comparative causal type. The statistical population included all people with cluster B personality disorder in the 5 districts of Arak city in 2022. Based on the number of research groups and variables, 120 people were selected from among those who referred to the psychology and addiction treatment centers of Arak city using the available method and responded to the Clinical Multiaxial Scales of Milon version 4 (2015) and Interpersonal Problems (1996), people were also evaluated by Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders (2016). To analyze the data, the discriminant analysis method was used in SPSS software version 26.

The results indicate a significant difference between the components of sociable (P=0.001), assertive (P=0.001), aggressive (P=0.001), caring (P=0.001), dependent (P=0.008), supportive (P=0.001), and involved (P=0.001) in the studied groups, but did not show a significant difference between the studied groups (P=0.14). In total, based on the evaluated components, 68.3% of the participants were correctly placed in their groups.

Considering that in the present study, most of the dimensions of interpersonal problems were significant in people with cluster B personality disorders, as a result, this variable can be used to differentiate the personality disorders of this cluster and also the intervention plan.

Commanders and managers are responsible for maintaining and promoting the martial arts of the staff in the units, and the skills in the operational shooting of the staff are among the most important factors influencing the combat capability. Therefore, the present study was aimed at examining the impact of managerial factors on enhancing the operational shooting skills of border guards (the study of West Azerbaijan).

In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied and descriptive-analytical method and a survey study. The statistical population of the study included commanders, deputies and administrators, coaches and experts of the West Azerbaijan Border Command Shooting field (95 individuals); using the Chrisi-Morgan Table, 76 individuals were selected as a statistical population by random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used with five dimensions, validity of which was confirmed by 14 experts using face and content validity; and reliability was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha test and its value for this questionnaire was 0.83.

The findings showed that all management factors in this study were effective in enhancing the shooting skills of West Azerbaijan border guards (Sig. 0.05). While the "training and training equipment" has the most impact.

By focusing on the management dimensions of this study, it can enhance the ability of employees to shooting skills in real missions and reduce the damage and failure of the border units in operational missions.

Neurodegenerative processes play an important role in the progression of MS. Appropriate exercise training and living in an enriched environment (EE) can improve or prevent the progression of the disease through the secretion of some neurodevelopmental factors in the hippocampus, including irisin and the neutrophic factor derived from the mouse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic and resistance training and EE on irisin protein and hippocampus BDNF levels in female C57BL6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). 50 female mice (age 8 weeks, average weight 18 ± 2 grams) were randomly divided into five equal groups (10 mice in each group): 1- healthy control, 2- control + EAE, 3- resistance activity + EAE, 4- Aerobic activity + EAE and 5- EE + EAE. The first and second weeks of adaptation to the environment and then induction of EAE were performed. The training groups trained 5 days a week for half an hour a day for 4 weeks, and the EE group was transferred to its equipped cage. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were anesthetized and then dissected and tissue removed. The ELISA method was used to measure the amounts of proteins, and the analysis of variance and Tukey's t-test were used to determine the differences between the research variables. All analyzes were performed at a significance level of 0.05 and with SPSS22 software. Hippocampal BDNF expression was increased in all three training groups compared to the EAE control group. This increase in the EE and resistance training group was significant compared to both the EAE control group and the swimming training group. Also, hippocampal irisin expression increased in all three training groups compared to the EAE control group, and this increase was significant in the EE and resistance training groups. Also, the expression of irisin in the EE group increased more than the two aerobic swimming and resistance training groups, and this increase was proportional to It was meaningful to the swimming aerobic training group. It seems that EE and resistance training can increase the secretion of nerve growth factors such as irisin and BDNF and thus help to improve MS disease.

According to the theory of life cycles, the choice of housing and subsequent movement of people are influenced by several factors including the social and economic status of households. Migration is one of the conditions that are important in the selection of housing in the subset of social and economic status as a difference between resident and migrant occupational groups and the difference between the first and second generation of immigrants. Tehran, as the capital, has been involved with the issue of immigration for many years. The analysis of migration statistics from the 1950s to the 2010s shows that in recent decades, unlike in the 1950-1960s, the dominant pattern of migration in Tehran has changed from the rural-urban pattern to the city-city. Therefore, it seems that the recent group of immigrants who migrated from small cities have detectable differences in their skills and education level compared to the first group of immigrants who migrate from rural areas. Therefore, the subject of the research is to identify the differences in the choice of housing in the occupational group of workers between migrants and residents in Tehran. Following the research goals, we separate workers into two subgroups; skilled and not-skilled workers, simultaneously they have been divided into two groups of migrant and non-migrant. Based on this, the main question is set as follows: Is migration an influencing factor in the choice of housing for labor groups in Tehran? In other words, is immigration more effective in the choice of housing for labor groups or they're belonging to the considered occupational group? The pattern of housing selection is defined as a logit regression function, and the research data is done as a secondary analysis of the neighborhood quality monitoring plan in Tehran. The results show that migration is not an effective factor in the choice of the neighborhood in worker groups. According to two indicators: the per capita built-up area and building age, migrant groups are in a worse condition than non-migrant workers. The difference in the ownership index in the group of skilled migrant workers shows a clear pattern of behavior that seems to be resorted to creating continuity of residence in the metropolis. In a situation where the city of Tehran directs its population overflow to the surrounding satellite cities and villages, the group of skilled migrant workers who have moved to Tehran with financial resources and the possibility of obtaining better job opportunities in the metropolitan pass the other. Therefore, skilled immigrant workers whose migration continues and who have been able to achieve job stability tend to reduce their housing costs with a higher ownership rate, even if it is at the cost of living in a residential unit with smaller built-up and higher building age. Skilled migrant workers prefer to choose a lower-quality house, but by changing the ownership pattern, they increase the chance of continuing to live in Tehran.

Propylene is one of the most important building blocks in petrochemical and polymer processes. The demand for propylene is growing faster than that for ethylene; therefore the current production is not in line with the forecast market demand for olefins. In this paper, oxidative dehydrogenation has been used in order to obtain propylene from propane, and oxygen was used as the oxidant. Molybdena-containing catalysts with nominal loading 5, 10, and 15 wt% were supported on titanate Nanotubes. Also, for the sake of comparison, Degussa TiO2 P25 supported molybdena catalyst (5 wt%) was elaborated. All catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and were calcined at 500°C. Analysis by FT-IR, XRD, Raman, BET, TEM, and TPR was done. The results show that the main characteristics of the titanate nanotube were confirmed by FT-IR, and the presence of H2Ti5O11.H2O was confirmed by XRD technique. Moreover, no evidence of the existence of Na-O-Ti bond was observed, and an important bond for the existence of the stable phase of the titanate nanotubes, Ti-O-H, was detected by Raman spectroscopy. TEM micrographs exhibited the layered structure of the prepared sample. The phase of the titanate nanotubes supported molybdena catalysts altered during calcination, in order to do that anatase phase was observed in all the samples. However, the rutile phase was detected along with the anatase phase in Degussa TiO2 P25 and 15 wt% supported molybdena catalyst. Calcination led to BET-specific surface area loss. The crystalline phase of molybdenum oxide of higher loading shows a higher maximum reduction peak by H2-TPR profile. As compared to titanate nanotubes, in the identical molybdena loading lower specific surface area as well as inferior catalytic activity and lesser lifetime was observed for TiO2 P25 support. However, increasing molybdena loading on the titanate nanotubes led to catalytic performance deterioration. The highest yield is for MoTNT-10 with a selectivity 31% and conversion 21.4%.

many countries of the world, water shortage has become a serious and worrying issue. Studies show that the agriculture sector is the largest consumer of water resources in the world. Therefore, scarce of water resources is considered the biggest challenge of agricultural development and ultimately food security. Rice is the largest consumer of fresh water worldwide and in terms of importance, it is the second most important edible grain after wheat which constitutes the food of two-thirds of the world's population. Therefore, need to increase productivity to feed the growing population by using efficient water management practices and water saving technologies, water saving technologies. Due to the decrease in rainfall in Mazandaran province, The area of rice cultivation and its production has decreased. These conditions can cause irreparable damage to the large production of rice in the province and the subsistence economy of the rice farmers will suffer irreparable damage. For this reason, rice production in Mazandaran Province, which is very important strategically and economically, it is necessary to change irrigation management and traditional cultivation method to reduce the water demand for rice production.

The experiment was conducted in the form of a complete block-design with three replications and four treatments using, during the 2020 crop year in the Rice Research Institute of Iran-Amol. The selected rice variety was Tarem Hashemi. Treatments included conventional planting with periodic irrigation (T1), conventional planting with flood irrigation (T2), transplanting in un-puddled bed with flood irrigation (T4) and direct seed cultivation in dry bed with flood irrigation (T4). The number of experimental plots was 12 and the area of each was 30 square meters. Based on soil decomposition test and according to soil experts, Three types of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers were were used to all treatments. In two treatments, T1 and T2, the land was prepared with puddling, and in two treatments, T3 and T4, the field was plowed dry. Transplanting in puddled and un-puddled bed as transplants and in direct cultivation was germinated as seeds. In flood irrigation treatments, water flowed on the soil surface and The entire surface of the earth was flooded with a layer of water 5 cm high (with a 5-day irrigation cycle). In periodic irrigation treatments, after flooding the land, Irrigation was stopped and and after the water disappeared from the soil surface and after observing the first spot on the field surface, irrigation was done again (irrigation cycle 6-8 day). In this experiment, The exact volume of irrigation water was measured by installing volumetric meters in each of the experimental plots. Irrigation water productivity was calculated as the amount of yield produced per unit of irrigation water. Finally, variance analysis of the obtained data was done using SAS software and the mean of the treatments were compared through the least significant difference (LSD) test at the level of five and one percent.

The results showed that the cultivation method was effective on yield, plant height, water consumption and irrigation water, water productivity and water use efficiency and was statistically significant at 1% level of probablity. The highest and lowest yields belonged to T2 and T4 treatments with 4079.2 and 2941.7 kg/ha, respectively. The highest and lowest irrigation water belonged to T4 and T1 treatments with 10301 and 6537 m3/ha, respectively. The highest and lowest irrigation water productivity belonged to T1 and T4 with 0.61 and 0.29 kg/m3, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, The treatment of conventional planting with periodic irrigation (T1) did not have a significant reduction in yield compared to The treatment of conventional planting with flood irrigation (T2). The treatment of conventional planting with periodic irrigation (T1) saved irrigation water by 17% compared to the common cultivation treatment with flood irrigation (T2) and increased irrigation water productivity by 17% .Finally, the results of this research showed that there is no need to flood crete during the rice growth period. conventional planting system with periodic irrigation (T1) was chosen as the superior treatment and it can be a suitable alternative to the common cultivation system with flood irrigation of rice and a suitable option to deal with water shortages in recent years.

Because of the rising global demand for propylene, various extensive studies and research have been done in order to develop alternative ways that are both more energy-efficient and require less energy. In this research, CuBTC is used as a manganese catalyst base in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to produce propylene. The wet impregnation method is used to manufacture the catalysts.

Wet impregnation is used to prepare the catalysts, which is a step in the manufacturing process. Analyses such as FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and EDX are used to examine and describe catalysts that have been created. On the basis of the central composition method, we have investigated the impacts of reaction temperature, manganese loading percentage, oxygen-to-propylene ratio, and their interactions on the synthesis of propylene in this study. The central composite method's input parameters include manganese concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 percent, a propane-to-oxygen ratio ranging from 1 to 3 percent, and a temperature ranging from 140 to 280 degrees Celsius.

After that, it is shown that the projected models for propane conversion, propylene selectivity, and oxidative dehydrogenation efficiency percentage are about 95 percent based on reactor testing and evaluation of the Design-Expert software results. It was possible to improve the efficiency of the oxidation dehydration process by 4.9 percent by using a conversion percentage of 28.38 percent, a selectivity of 18.14 percent at 278 degrees Celsius, a metal oxide loading of 3.74 percent, and propane to oxygen ratio of 1.5 percent. When laboratory data were compared to predicted data, the correlation coefficient was 93% in favor of the laboratory data.

At this day and age continuous flood irrigation during the crop growth period in the paddy fields of northern Iran has caused high water consumption (WC). Due to the lack of water resources in Iran, proper irrigation management is necessary to reduce WC in different rice cultivars. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation management on yield and yield components of four rice genotypes.

The experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three iterations at the research farm of the Iranian Rice Research Institute, Mazandaran Deputy (Amol). In this experiment, rice genotypes at four levels (G1: Toloo, G2: Tarom, G3: Tisa and G4: Shiroudi) as main factor and irrigation at six levels (I1: continuous flooding (CF) from transplanting to 20 days after 50% flowering and then cutting irrigation, I2: CF from transplanting to 15 days after 50% flowering and then cutting irrigation, I3: CF from transplanting to 10 days after 50% flowering and then cutting irrigation, I4: CF from transplanting to 5 days after 50% flowering and then cutting irrigation, I5: CF from transplanting to flowering stage and then cutting irrigation and I6: Intermittent irrigation from transplanting to 10 days before harvest and then cutting irrigation) were considered as sub-factors. At physiological maturity, the yield and yield components such as plant height, panicle length, total number of tillers per hill, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were measured.

The results showed that the highest and lowest grain yield were 6765 and 4255 kg.ha-1 from Toloo and Tarom cultivars, respectively. Application of I1 resulted in maximum grain yield (6291.8 kg.ha-1), while with the application of I5, yield decreased by 17.4%. Application of I6 while producing optimal grain yield (5911 kg.ha-1), can have a good ability to reduce WC in paddy fields, so it was selected as the best irrigation management option in case of water shortage for irrigation.

According to the results, intermittent irrigation from transplanting to 10 days before harvest and then cutting irrigation in rice plant in the study area will have acceptable yield in water deficit conditions and to achieve maximum yield, Toloo cultivar as a suitable genotype is suggested.

Households move in cities for better housing and access to better public goods services, but the public goods are not equally important for households and their spatial distribution is not uniform in the city. In order to investigate in detail, we divvied the public goods into two groups: net and gross and modeling the housing residential choice. The main purpose of the study is to measure the impact of this product among all households and high-income groups. Data were collected from Census (2016) and the neighborhood quality survey (2015-2016) of Tehran Municipality. We use agent-based model for investigate the behavior of households. The results showed that the gross public goods are effective in choosing the house of all households in the city. Among the variables in this group, for all households in the city, “access to the public transportation system” has the greatest impact, but this variable does not affect the choice of high-income households. The variable “access to educational space” also has the least impact among all households, but in the high-income group, this variable has the most impact. In the group of net public goods, all variables are effective in choosing the house of all households in the city, and the variable “security” has the greatest impact. Compared to the high-income group, except for “distance to educational space”, other variables do not have a significant effect on housing choice, which indicates the unbalanced spatial distribution of net public goods in the city and the homogeneity of spatial distribution in high-income households. Also, based on the research background, educational space in the high-income group is considered as a measure of neighborhoods quality.

Due to the importance of rice cultivation, especially in Mazandaran Province, it is necessary to plan carefully for the optimal use of water resources in the province in the agricultural sector, especially rice, to reduce water demand for rice production. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the form of a complete block-design with three replications and four treatments using Tarom Hashemi cultivar, during the 2021 crop year in the Rice Research Institute of Iran-Amol. Treatments included conventional planting with flood irrigation (T1) and drip irrigation (T2), transplanting in un-puddled bed with drip irrigation (T3) and direct seed cultivation in dry bed with drip irrigation (T4). The results showed that the cultivation method was effective on yield, plant height, water consumption and irrigation water, water productivity and water use efficiency and was statistically significant at 1% and 5% level of probablity. The highest and lowest yields belonged to T1 and T4 treatments with 4079 and 2876 kg/ha, respectively, and T2 had the highest water productivity with 0.61 kg/m3, which had no significant difference with T1. The lowest water productivity belonged to T4 with 0.45 kg/m3. The highest and lowest irrigation water productivity belonged to T2 and T1 with 0.67 and 0.52 kg/m3, respectively Based on the results, conventional planting with drip irrigation did not have a significant reduction in yield compared to conventional planting with flood irrigation and increased water productivity by saving water consumption Therefore, the conventional planting method with drip irrigation was recognized as the best treatment in this study.

The use of Demand-Side Management (DSM) to increase the reliability of composite power systems at hierarchical level II (HLII) with Electric Vehicles (EVs) is an important issue that has not been studied so far. Studies that have been conducted assumed that EVs are connected to the power system during the mid-peak load and peak load in two charge levels with uncertainty in influence and three load shifting levels (85%, 90%, and 95%). The reliability indices Loss of Load Expectation (LOLP), Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS), Expected Health Duration (EHDUR), and Expected Margin Duration (EMDUR) are calculated. The present paper uses Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) in modeling the uncertainty in the generation and transmission capacity of the power system and the influence of EVs. The modeling was performed on IEEE-RBTS standard system using the MATLAB software. The result indicates that more penetration of EVs will lead to higher load levels, and thereby LOLP and EENS indices will change much more, a trend that increases even more when EVs are charged during peak load. It is possible to increase EHDUR and EMDUR values by increasing load-shifting levels (95% to 90% and 85%).

According to recent achievements in multi-agent systems, the use of cooperative arrangement of the multi-agent systems like robots and UAVs such as rescuing, aerial mapping, aerial photography, and goods delivery missions is growing as fast as possible. Implementation a cooperative mission involves two Characteristic: Assigning tasks to each agent in optimally way and path planning of agents to their related tasks. In this article, a hierarchical approach based on linear programming algorithm is developed in order to solve task assignment problem with moving targets and multiple tasks on each target, which has a non-linear structure. Dynamic targets, which have variable position and their position change in every stage of algorithm as a time varying parameter, are considered. All the timing and non-timing constraint with the consideration of flight endurance time, priorities and the moving states of each agent and target will be satisfied. The most part of forming this hierarchical approach is assuming variable position for each target and solving the dynamic task assignment by linearization and discretization of time variables and using time windows for solving stage by stage.

The "life cycle" theory is the most important tool for understanding the relationship among characteristics of housing and households, which reflects the behavior of households in the city. The theory, households are defined based on characteristics such as household size, number of students, employment status, income, age of household, etc. Every household, based on what are their characters, has different priorities in housing choice. The purpose of this study is to analyze that characteristics of households are effective on housing choice, which was developed in two parts: quality of housing unit and access to urban facilities.

To measure the variables, the city of Tehran was selected as a case study and the research data were obtained from two sources; the data for households characters was obtained from the households expenditure-income survey which w implemented annually by the National Statistics Center and the locations of urban facilities were gained by urban development plan of Tehran.By using a univariate multi-nominal method and cluster analysis, effective characteristics in the housing selection model were identified from the two groups of characteristics of quality of "housing unit" and "access to urban facilities", effective variables in selecting "housing unit" are, area of hous unit, the type of structure building, variables in "access to urban facilities" included access to educational services and public transportation system, which created a total of 6 options for selecting residential units and 8 options for accessing urban facilities. Then, the relationship between household characteristics and housing selection was performed using the multivariate regression method in R software.

The analysis of the model revealed that residential units with an area of ​​60-90 square meters are the most attractive ones for households with students. Also, increasing the income decile of households, the tendency of households to live near educational spaces and distance from the public transportation system increases. Households with the employment status of a caregiver in a non-simple working group are more inclined to choose to live in houses close to the public transportation system than households with a caregiver, which indicates the difference in financial capacity between the two groups of households.

The relationship between students and the area of ​​residential units has been proven in research background, but in this study, a specific range for the unit area(60-90 square meters) is proved for households with students. However, the relationship was not proved in other areas of housing characters such as the situation of access to urban facilities.Another important conclusion has occurred in the relation between the group of variables "residence" and "household characteristics". Only the variables related to job and income are effective in choosing a place of residence and other social and demographic characteristics of households do not have a significant relationship with the household location that can be reflected in living conditions, lack of identity and prestige in the city's neighborhoods, social segregation in Tehran, incorrect policies in the field of public goods and inappropriate housing distribution conditions in this city.

To compare two methods for treating inferior oblique overaction (IOOA): disinsertion versus myectomy of the muscle.

In this prospective interventional case series, patients were randomly assigned to undergo either IO myectomy or disinsertion. The changes in vertical and horizontal deviations following these two surgical procedures were evaluated. The postoperative IO function of grade 0 or +1 and the fundus extorsion of grade 0 or +1 was considered as the successful outcome.

Thirty-six patients (50 eyes) with a mean age of 12.67 ± 4.05 years were included. In the myectomy group, the mean preoperative hyperdeviation in adduction was 29.5 ± 9.32 prism diopter (PD), which decreased to 9.15 ± 7.86 PD after surgery (P = 0.001). In the disinsertion group, these measurements were 32.73 ± 12.42 and 12.65 ± 9.34 PD before and after the surgery, respectively (P = 0.001). The success rate of surgery based on the IOOA grading was 87.4% and 92.3% in the myectomy and disinsertion groups, respectively (P = 0.780). The successful correction rate of abnormal fundus torsion was 91.6% in the myectomy and 88.4% in the disinsertion group (P = 0.821). In comparison, 48% of the cases in the myectomy group and 50% in the disinsertion group were within the normal range of torsional position postoperatively (P = 0.786). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of changes in the horizontal or vertical deviations, V-pattern, and dissociated vertical deviation between the two groups.

Both surgical techniques seem to be effective for treatment of inferior oblique muscle overaction.

One of the major problems we face with the growth of various industries around the world is the environmental pollution of heavy metals. One of the most toxic heavy metals that is problematic even at low concentrations is Cr (IV).

In this study, the removal of this toxic heavy metal was investigated with high efficiency by UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2 magnetic adsorbent. For this purpose, magnetic nanocomposite (UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2) was synthesized based on metal-organic framework (MOF) for adsorption of Cr (IV). The choice of the hydrothermal method for the synthesis of UIO-66 in addition to its simplicity resulted in the production of pure and efficient UIO-66, which produced very high efficiency during the experiments. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were used to magnetize the adsorbent. To increase the magnetic properties and increase the loading efficiency of the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles were used to increase the loading rate on the adsorbent. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, VSM and EDX tests were used to the characterization of the adsorbent properties.

Effect of four effective variables during adsorption experiments such as adsorbent content (0.05 to 0.25 g), pH (2 to 6), adsorption time (15 to 75 min), initial metal ion concentration (200 to 1000 mg / l) at five levels (+2 to +2) were investigated using experimental design with response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The best conditions were determined for the independent variables for the initial metal concentration of 552 mg /l. The optimum pH was obtained 4 during the experiment. Finally, the optimum values were achieved for adsorption parameters such as adsorption time and adsorbent amount were 42.3 min and 0.143 gr, respectively, and also the maximum adsorption rate was obtained 98%. Investigation of the adsorption isotherm kinetics showed that the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm fit the Cr (IV) data well. After the adsorption process, the adsorbent can be removed from the environment by a magnetic field.

To evaluate the results of overminus lens therapy in the management of children with intermittent exotropia or X(T).

In this retrospective study, 163 consecutive patients with X(T) who were treated with overminus spectacles with at least 12 months of follow-up were included in the study. The outcome measures were the level of X(T) control evaluated using the Jampolsky’s qualitative assessment method and refractive error changes under overminus lens treatment.

The mean angle of deviation at the initial visit was 24.7 ± 15.1 prism diopters (PD) that improved to 10.6 ± 4.2 PD with overminus glasses with a median follow-up of 38 months(P = 0.02). One hundred and nine patients(66.8%) achieved good controlled X(T) or orthotropia by overminus lens therapy after 1 year. Three patients progressed to esotropia, which disappeared after discontinuing overminus lens therapy. Overminus lens therapy did not have a statistically significant effect on the mean spherical equivalent of cycloplegic refraction in each eye (right eye: P = 0.13; left eye: P = 0.15).

Overminus lens therapy can be effective for improving the control of X(T) in young children. It can defer the requirement for surgery or decrease the rate of surgical intervention.

MYO15A is the third most crucial gene in hereditary sensorineural hearing loss after GJB2 and SLC26A4. In the present study, we reviewed the prevalence of MYO15A mutations in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). In this meta-analysis, we conducted a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, and Scopus, and identified the articles up to September 2019 without any time limit. Two investigators independently selected the relevant papers and extracted the required information. A total of 44 case-control and case series studies were considered, and 4176 patients and 3706 healthy individuals, as the control group, were included. The pooled frequency of MYO15A mutations between patients suffering from ARNSHL was calculated as 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9-7.8, P-value<0.001). There was heterogeneity between our studies (P-value<0.001, I2=58.1%); therefore, the random-effects model was utilized for analysis. Given the results, in many countries, the MYO15A gene had a significant contribution to hearing loss. Moreover, in several regions, specific dominant mutations in this gene have been reported. Therefore, the ethnic background should be considered to investigate the mutations of the MYO15A gene.

AbstractRelate temperature change Problems, soil salinity and the sharp drop I groundwater levels on the one hand and the recent drought combined with the problems have let to the reduction of consumption in the agricultural sector due to the reduction of the crop production and the adaptation to alternative climates get current products. Recent study conducted for determining suitable zone for saffron in North Khorasan with GIS and model AHP. Parameters like climate data, soil and water for 30 years collected from synoptic and climatologic station around province and from four neighbor provinces. Then parameters weighted upon AHP in parameter importance each region. Data transferred to Expert choice and clustered, rated, integrated for producing the last layer. Results showed that 47.1 % of province land was suitable and moderate suitable for culturing saffron. But 35.99% showed critical suitability and the remined was not suitable for Saffron culture. Jajarm, Garmeh, Safia Bada, Esfarayen, Shirvan and Faroj plains are suitable places and Mane, Samalghan, Raz, Jargalan and Bojnourd plains are in critical suitability for Saffron culture.Keywords: drought, suitability, expert choice, land characteristics.

Recently Debates about Energy and the issue of global warming have led to the use of new energy. One of the best options for this purpose is the use of a new hybrid system of power, heating and refrigeration, with its thermal source of solar and geothermal energy. In the present study, used a combined cooling, heating and power system based on the organic Rankine cycle and the Ejector Refrigeration subsystem, which utilizes solar energy to supply energy and for pre-heating used the geothermal energy, proposed for supply cooling energy, heat energy and electrical power for the building in the south of the Iran (Behbahan city). In this proposed system, used the copper oxide/water nano-fluids in the flat plate solar collector, and used the R245fa, R123, R134a, and R600a in the CCHP system have been investigated as operating fluid. By analyzing the thermodynamic and thermos-economic sensitivity of the whole system, the effect of the volume fraction of the nanoparticle volume concentration CuO, the turbine inlet pressure, the solar collector surface, the solar collector tilt angle and the temperature difference of the steam generator pinch point checked for the four desired target functions (daily heat efficiency, Daily exergy efficiency, total heat exchanger surface, and total cost of the product). we found that the R123 fluid is the best refrigerant from the perspective of energy and exergy (maximum thermal and exergy efficiency) and the R600a refrigerant has the lowest level of heat exchangers and the best fluid from the economic point of view (minimum cost of total products).

Dehydrogenation of alkane to alkene is a key process in petrochemical industry. Propylene has intermediate role to production many industrial polymers. In this research applying oxidative dehydrogenation method for propylene production and CO2 used as oxidant. By use of XRD, Raman, TEM, BET and EDX techniques the results have been analyzed. In XRD and Raman tests anatase phase and Titania nanotubes have been distinguished. TEM confirmed TiNTs with pure structure. Vanadium catalyst with 5% of vanadia synthesized by impregnation method. Adding silicon in support increased thermal stability of catalyst. Raman and XRD method confirmed good distribution of active phase on supports. VSiTi catalyst have 28.31% conversion and 51% selectivity in 550 oC. Improvement in yield of propylene production would be in result of higher surface area and good distribution of vanadia over modified Titania nanotubes.