فهرست مطالب reza bahrami

This study is done to determine the translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Parental Belief Scale (NICU‑PBS) in Iranian parents.

The present study was conducted by the descriptive cross‑sectional method. This research was conducted from January to August 2021. The population included all parents whose infants were hospitalized in NICUs of two university‑affiliated hospitals (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences). Out of them, 291 subjects were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The utilized questionnaires included a demographic information form, NICU‑PBS, Beck Depression Inventory, and Maternal role adaptation scale. The descriptive statistical indexes, Cronbach’s alpha, intra‑class correlation coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Also, to evaluate the construct validity of the NICU‑PBS, we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).

The participants included 97 fathers (33.33%) and 194 mothers (66.67%). According to the CFA results, the three‑factor model NICU‑PBS (confidence in the parental role, parent–child interaction, parental knowledge of the NICU) was approved in Iranian parents (χ2/df = 1.79; p </em>< 0.001; GFI = 0.91; AGFI = 0.89; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.05). NICU‑PBS with BDI‑II (r = ‑0.42) has divergent validity, and material role adaptation (r = 0.46) has moderate and acceptable convergence validity (p </em>< 0.01). The results of Cronbach’s alpha for the total NICU‑PBS were 0.85.

The results demonstrated the proper and acceptable validity and reliability of NICU‑PBS among Iranian parents.

The title of security crimes refers to crimes that threaten the existence of the entire society and the government. Undoubtedly, security crimes can be considered as one of the most sensitive and important areas of challenge and confrontation between the rights of sovereignty and the rights of citizens. Criminalization and criminal accountability derived from the governing principles and dignity-oriented components contained in the extra-legal and legislative regulations and human rights requirements imposes the law on the citizens. Observance of dignity-oriented components in criminalization and criminal response to crime and social anomalies leads to the establishment of a proper balance between the rights of the sovereign and the rights of citizens, and failure to observe dignity-oriented components in criminalization and criminal response in security crimes results in an increase in criminal behavior and There will be no cost to society.

The current research is qualitative and according to the nature of the subject, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner.

The country's criminal policy regarding the criminalization and criminal response to security crimes was analyzed and evaluated in terms of dignity-based components in the supra-legislative and legislative regulations and human rights requirements. Criminal accountability guarantees the citizenship rights of the accused and the perpetrators of the aforementioned crimes and promotes the rights of sovereignty.

According to the security-oriented approach governing security crimes, overseeing the criminalization and criminal response of the existing criminal policy with the development of criminalization in the area of ​​citizens' free behavioral space, the application of severe punishments and the lack of amicable criminal responses to such Crimes have brought challenges to the rights and freedoms of citizens. In order to clear the ambiguities in the criminalization and criminal response of security crimes, the legislator should take action to amend and adapt the laws with dignity-oriented components in this field.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of succession planning on employee empowerment through the mediating role of organizational voice. It is worth mentioning that this research was descriptive and correlational studies. The statistical population of the present study was885 employees of all sports and youth departments in the west of the country. Finally, 370 people were selected as a simple random sample. The research instruments were three questionnaires: Rothwell (2002), Spritzer (1995) and Hams (2009). The face and content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of expert professors and its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation model. The reliability of the questionnaires was also reported using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data from SPSS software, SPSS Sample Power and Smart PLS. was used. The results showed that organizational voice has a positive and significant effect on empowerment. The results also showed that succession has a positive and significant effect on organizational voice and empowerment. Finally, the results showed that substitution has a positive and significant effect on empowerment through organizational voice it can be said that strengthening succession planning in sports and youth departments in the west of the country has an indirect effect on organizational voice and helps its growth.

Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical problem caused by the deposition of bilirubin in the tissue. Natural products have long been used to treat jaundice, and Iranian medicine can be a good source of natural treatments for this purpose. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of the effect of Cotoneaster, an Iranian herbal medicine, in the treatment of jaundice in neonates.

We investigated every article that evaluated Purgative manna, Cotoneaster manna, or Cotoneaster in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, SciELO, CNKI, and Google Scholar for English articles, and a search was also done in Persian in Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) published until August 2023.

The exact mechanism of Cotoneaster in reducing jaundice is not known, but the following mechanisms have been suggested .The most common mechanisms include increased urination, increased bile excretion from the liver, and increased defecation, as well as neutralizing the effects of oxidative agents and free radicals.

 Considering that most studies have stated that Cotoneaster combined with phototherapy is effective in treating jaundice and herbal medicines alone cannot treat jaundice. Therefore, identifying the mechanism of Cotoneaster in reducing jaundice can lead to the creation of methods to strengthen its effect. More detailed biochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action of Cotoneaster in reducing neonatal jaundice.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, many neonates were involved, but they had fewer complications and deaths than adults. Therefore, in this review study, we investigated the immune mechanisms of neonates in response to COVID-19.

We reviewed articles that evaluated the immune system, COVID-19, or SARS-COV2 in neonates. We searched the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, SciELO, and CNKI databases published up to December 2022.

There are different immune mechanisms in response to COVID-19 in infants, which lead to a different response to COVID-19 compared to adults. The important mechanisms include lower expression of ACE2 receptor, abundant of naive T cells, absence of cytokine storm, abundant of immunosuppressive cells, less inflammatory reactions, breastmilk secretory IgA, transfer of IgG through the placenta, and absence of chronic comorbidities. Also, in comparison with pediatrics multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) doesn’t observe in neonates.

The exact immune mechanisms in response to COVID-19 in infants have not yet been discovered, but knowing the exact mechanisms can be effective in future treatments, the production of effective vaccines, and other viral treatments, so there is a need for more investigations in this field.

The adverse outcomes correlated with GDM for both the mother and the offspring are diverse. The link between polymorphisms at fat mass and obesity‐correlated protein (FTO), leptin (LEP), and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes and GDM is ambiguous. In this meta-analysis, we sought to investigate the correlation of FTO, LEP, and LEPR polymorphisms with GDM risk. We performed an online search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify all relevant research. A total of 18 case-control studies including seven research with 893 cases and 2875 controls on FTO rs9939609, four research with 1345 cases and 1116 controls on FTO rs8050136, two research with 207 cases and 205 controls on FTO rs1421085, three studies with 529 cases and 581 controls on LEP rs7799039, and two research with 480 cases and 477 controls on LPER rs1137101 met our criteria. Combined data illustrated that the FTO rs9939609 and rs8050136 were correlated with substantial risk of GDM in the overall population, but not FTO rs1421085. Furthermore, LEP rs2167270 and rs7799039 polymorphisms were not correlated with GDM risk. Sorted analyses illustrated that the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was correlated with GDM in Caucasian women. This meta-analysis results illustrated that the FTO rs9939609 and rs8050136 were correlated with substantial risk of GDM, but not FTO rs1421085, LEP rs7799039, and LPER rs1137101. Larger and more rigorous studies among different ethnicities are needed to further evaluate the correlations with GDM.

 Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can influence neonates’ neurodevelopment. There are controversies on the cause of infantile hypothyroidism and its relationship with maternal hypothyroidism.

 This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal hypothyroidism and the incidence of CH.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 712 newborns with hypothyroidism born in Fars province, Iran, between 2018 and 2020, identified through the national screening program for genetic, metabolic, and endocrine congenital diseases recruited by the census sampling method. The information on infants’ files was recorded in a researcher-made checklist. Descriptive data were reported by mean ± SD and No. (%). The independent t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to evaluate relationships between variables.

 Of 179,448 infants screened, 712 (4 of 1,000 live births) had CH with a mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 22.34+24.8 mlU/L. Of these, 252 infants (35.4%) had a family history of hypothyroidism in the mother (OR = 4.951, P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between CH and maternal hypothyroidism. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean TSH level between hypothyroid infants born to mothers with a history of hypothyroidism (19.10 ± 21.30 mlU/L) and those who had healthy mothers (24.23 ± 26.44 mlU/L, P = 0.027). The prevalence of CH in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were reported to be 0.34%, 0.4%, and 0.45%, respectively.

 Our results showed a significant relationship between maternal hypothyroidism and CH. Considering the importance of the prompt diagnosis of CH, especially in high-risk groups such as infants of hypothyroid mothers, it is recommended to conduct more studies to design more precise guidelines to screen infants who are at risk of CH.

Diabetes and its consequences increase the health system costs. Therefore, prevention and early diagnosis can reduce the cost and consequences. The studies have emphasized the role of education in treatment and people’s awareness of prevention and early diagnosis. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the awareness of people referring to Shiraz health centers with diabetes.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 people aged 12-65 Y/O referred to Shiraz health centers in Iran in 2019. Participants completed an 18-item questionnaire with subscales of demographic data, general information about patients, causes and factors of diabetes, symptoms and diagnosis, prevention and treatment, and consequences and problems. Furthermore, other information, such as the presence of diabetic patients in the family and sources of information, was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software-21.

The participants’ mean age was 33.96±10.05; 54.82% were female, and 45.18% were male. The main sources of information were friends and relatives. The mean score of awareness was calculated to be 15.18±5.03. Statistical tests revealed a significant relationship between job, educational levels, age, and source of information with the score of awareness (P<0.001), while this relationship with gender (P=0.068), marital status (P=0.196), and family history (P=0.060) was insignificant.

Overall, public awareness of diabetes in Shiraz was found to be moderate. Moreover, it is observed that men, married individuals, as well as older and less educated people exhibited lower levels of awareness. Hence, it is recommended that these factors be taken into account when designing health system programs aimed at educating all communities about diabetes.

 Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an effective method for medication and nutrition infusion in preterm neonates. The present study aimed to identify the incidence of the most common complications of PICC implantation and evaluate the risk factors of each complication.

 This historical cohort study was conducted on 2500 neonates with birth weights (BWs)≥500 g and gestational age (GA)>24 weeks who had a history of PICC inserted in three NICUs between August 2015 and August 2018. Data were collected by reviewing medical records. Demographic data and indices of catheter placement, duration of catheter placement, and common complications were recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS-21.

 The median cubital vein had the most PICC placement (43%). The most common complication was tip malposition (48.2%). The incidence rates (95% CI) of the main complications such as malposition, edema/occlusion, and PICC migration were 0.0356 (0.0337-0.0377), 0.0134 (0.0122-0.0147), and 0.0088 (0.0079-0.0099), respectively. PICC insertion position was the strongest predictor of malposition for the cephalic vein. Besides, the incidence of malformation in the cephalic vein was about six times higher than in the median cubital vein. Independent risk factors for non-technical complications included BW (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.79), administration of hyperosmolar medications (OR=3.43, 95% CI 2.62-4.51), position (OR=2.43, 95% CI 1.92- 3.08), and duration of catheter presence (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) (P<0.001).

 The most common complication was malposition related to catheter placement in an emergency. Moreover, BW, administration of hyperosmolar medications, and duration of catheter presence were the most critical risk factors for non-technical complications. Therefore, it is recommended to educate the PICC insertion team to reduce tip malposition and replace long-term catheters.

Due to high neonatal, maternal mortality and adverse pregnancy outcome, Covid-19 in neonates is concerned. This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality in neonates with Covid-19.

This retrospective cross-sectional study (February-November 2020) was performed on infected neonates (<60 days) who were clinically diagnosed as Covid-19 and were hospitalized in Covid-19 wards in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals, southern Iran. Data were extracted from the patients' medical files, and were gathered in a data collecting form; including demographic characteristics, laboratory and clinical outcome. The patients were categorized as survivor and non-survivors groups, and then were compared.

Totally, 96 neonates were enrolled. The mean±SD of age was 13.01±10.88 days, and most of them were in the age group of 6-15 days (33.3%). Fifty-nine (61.5%) was male. The mortality rate was 12.5%. Lower gestational age (P=0.031), and the more frequency of having underlying diseases (P=0.010) was observed in non-survivors. The most signs and symptoms were respiratory distress (58.3%), lethargy (46.9%), and poor feeding (37.5%). Pulmonary radiological involvement was more in non-survivors (P<0.001), and it was more severe in these patients (P<0.001). The results of Multivariate Logistic Regression Model showed that only receiving IVIG (OR=20.2, P<0.001) was the independent predictor factor for in-hospital mortality in these patients.

The in-hospital mortality was obtained as 12.5% in the current study, and only receiving IVIG was the independent predictor factor for in-hospital mortality in neonates with Covid-19.

In order to achieve happiness, human beings deserve to be in spiritual and physical health; So, it is necessary to provide food for the soul and body. In the Holy Quran and among the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.), among the food items, “honey” has been emphasized. This research, using a descriptive method and a library data collecting method, has investigated the healing properties of honey with the approach of the narrations of the Two Major Islamic Sects, and in order to maintain the stability of the content and the desired result, the narrations of the Two Major Islamic Sects in the first five centuries of the lunar Hijri have been considered. Despite the correctness of the statement that the basis of the application and the main characteristic of honey is based on its healing properties, but this generality of healing is exceptional, and by carefully examining the words of the traditions, it can be understood that this generality of honey's healing properties is not absolutely correct in all cases, and it needs that the general application of healing honey should be revised.

Today, customer satisfaction with the organization's products or services is an important factor in the success or failure of any organization. Customer satisfaction leads to loyalty, returning customers and reducing customer complaints. Various researches have been conducted in the field of customer satisfaction, but few studies have been conducted on customer behaviors that lead to their satisfaction. In this regard, the present research examines the impact of customers' citizenship behavior on their perceived value and satisfaction. The statistical population of the research includes customers of restaurants in Mashhad. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Face validity was confirmed using experts' opinions, construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using factor analysis, and reliability of questionnaire variables was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 2 software and structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that customer citizenship behavior has a positive and significant effect on customers' perceived value. The perceived value of customers has a positive and significant effect on their satisfaction. Also, the mediating role of perceived value in the relationship between citizenship behavior and customer satisfaction was confirmed.

Myths are generally full of narratives about gods, superhuman beings and amazing events that happened in the structure of the first civilizations, with qualities different from the qualities of our time, and they refer to the creation of the wo rld and its administration. Or they will occur in the distant future. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, as the most prominent epic work of Iran, represents many myths and beliefs of ancient Iranians, which has been the subject of many cultural and artistic discourses common in this land until today. Especially since a large part of the history of painting in Iran is devoted to Shahnameh painting, and many Iranian artists and painters in different historical periods have been engaged in interpreting the themes of the Shahnameh in visual expression. Dealing with the symbolic aspects of Iranian mythology and how these symbols are represented in the visual arts of Iran is important because it can lead to a better understanding of the art and culture of Iran during the Safavid period. In addition to these, examining the implicit concepts and underlying layers of Iranian visual and cultural elements can lead to new and dynamic ideas in the field of visual arts. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that sometimes symbols and visual signs are able to convey information that words cannot. The image is more aggressive than the text; The image is a more accurate indication. Its meaning is often closer to the subject. The image becomes a text from the moment it signifies something, and for this reason, like writing, it is called a readable unit. The image in different works can only bring a moment of narrative and writing to the eye. In search of the chain relationship between this moment of narration and writing, it is possible to identify different symbolic systems. Therefore, the goal of image semiotics is to discover the rules of image reading and understanding its meanings through the recognition of visual elements or the appearance of the image, which leads to the analysis of the configuration of the image elements, and in the next step, it leads to the analysis of the forms and recognition of the signified meanings. In the history of Iran after Islam, the Safavid era is considered a turning point in terms of important political-social developments, which begins with the revolutionary government of Shah Ismail Safavid. Safavid painting, like other branches of art, was not exempted from this influence, and perhaps more than other branches, signs of social changes can be observed in it. The battle of Rostam and the White Devil is the seventh book of Rostam's books in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, whose events have been illustrated many times by Iranian painters. According to Ferdowsi's narrative, the White Devil has a black face, white hair, and a large and powerful body, and lives in a dark and terrifying cave. These characteristics have found various manifestations in the paintings related to the story of the battle of Rostam and the White Devil, and considering their symbolic nature, it seems that they have been depicted in each period according to the current interpretations in the social and cultural relations of the time. Although various interpretations of the metaphors and symbols used in the story of the battle between Rostam and the White Devil in the Shahnameh have been presented so far, this issue has not been addressed in the semiotics of the image and researches in the field of painting. Discusses the portrayal of the White Devil in various paintings of the Safavid period in Iran and analyzes the symbolic functions of this myth in the illustrations of the Shahnameh of Tahmasbi, the Shahnameh of Shah Abbasi and the Shahnameh of Qavam Ibn Mohammad Shirazi, the Shahnameh of Shah Ismail II, the Shahnameh of Shamlu and the Shahnameh of 953 AH. Pay Paris. Therefore, considering the importance of the relationship between text and image in the studies of this field, the main problem of the upcoming research is how to represent the symbolic aspects of the White Devil in Iranian pictorial culture and especially the Shahnameh of the Safavid era in Iran. The results of the studies carried out in this article indicate that the white devil in these paintings is a symbol of evil, helplessness and ill-temper, which was defeated by the Iranian epic hero Rostam in the 7th century. The way of drawing the figure of the White Devil has a more or less identical pattern to most of the paintings of this era, which is rooted in the painting tradition of Timurid Iran and is largely consistent with Ferdowsi's description of it in the narrative of the Shahnameh.

Too much crying is a self‑limiting problem and disappears within a few weeks. However, it can lead to maternal depression and parental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lavender oil inhalation on the duration of night crying within a week of intervention among infants with infantile colic.

In this double‑blind randomized clinical trial, the inclusion criteria for infants were being healthy, not taking any medications for colic, having an episode of crying two hours a day, and having a healthy mother. The intervention group received lavender oil inhalation and the control group received sweet almond oil inhalation for seven days. The data pertaining to the duration of crying were collected four times a day (morning, afternoon, evening, and night) via telephone contact. Mothers’ mood scores were also assessed at the beginning of the study and on the seventh day of the intervention.

At first, the two groups were not different in terms of the duration of crying. After the intervention, however, a significant difference was observed in this regard on all seven days of the study (P < 0.001). Based on the results of the repeated measures analysis, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

The results showed that inhalation of lavender oil at low concentrations could reduce colic symptoms and improve maternal mood.

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of digital organizational voice in empowering employees by mediating the organizational acceptance of social media in sports organizations. This research is of correlational type, and the statistical population is all employees of sports and youth departments in the west of the country, numbering 885 people from which 370 people were selected through sampling using spss ample power software. The research tool for gathering data was a standard questionnaire. The method of structural equations was used to analyze the data. All the process of data analysis was done by SPSS, PLS software. The findings showed that digital organizational voice had an effect of 0.489 and social media adoption had an effect of 0.467 on empowerment. Digital organizational voice had a 0.830 effect on social media acceptance. Then, it was found that organizational adoption of social media in sports organizations plays a mediating role between digital organizational voice and employee empowerment. In other words, it is for the empowerment of employees, the digital organizational voice and the acceptance of social media.

 Studies investigating the association between ITPKC rs28493229 polymorphisms and Kawasaki disease (KD) risk found inconsistent data. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to combine and analyze the available studies to get a precise estimation of the association.

 Relevant studies identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI databases were used to perform a meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated under fixed- and random-effects models to appraise the association.

 A total of eight case-control studies with 2,721 KD cases and 5,307 controls were selected. The results showed a statistically significant association between ITPKC rs28493229 polymorphism and an increased risk of KD under all five genetic models, i.e., allele (C vs. G: OR = 1.434, 95% CI 1.209-1.700, P ≤ 0.001), homozygote (CC vs. GG: OR = 2.085, 95% CI 1.423-3.055, P ≤ 0.001), heterozygote (CG vs. GG: OR = 1.530, 95% CI 1.359-1.722, P ≤ 0.001), dominant (CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 1.490, 95% CI 1.229-1.806, P ≤ 0.001), and recessive (CC vs. CG + GG: OR = 1.799, 95% CI 1.231-2.629, P = 0.002) in the overall population. When stratified by country, there was a significant association among Taiwanese.

 Our meta-analysis results supported that the ITPKC rs28493229 polymorphism is strongly associated with susceptibility to KD.

 

Mothers with hospitalized neonates require holistic care, especially spiritual care. This study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual care based on the " Ghalbe Salim " model to mothers on some physiological variables of premature neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Fifty mothers with premature babies were selected in two hospitals using convenience sampling methods. In the first step, one hospital was randomly determined as the control groupand the other as the intervention group. The intervention group received spiritual care based on the " Ghalbe Salim " model in 4 sessions. After each session, the neonate was given Kangaroo care. The neonates’ respiration rate, heart rate, and O2 saturation level were measured 10 minutes before, during, and after kangaroo care. In the control group, the mothers performed just kangaroo care and the data were collected from both groups after intervention. In the second step, the hospital of the control group became the intervention and the hospital of the intervention group became the control. Statistical tests including mann-whitney, chi square and repeated measures analysis were used.

In respiration and heart rates, no significant difference was reported between the two groups based on the time change pattern in each session and during the intervals among the sessions (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was seen in oxygen saturation (P< 0.05).

The provision of spiritual care based on “Ghalbe Salim” model improved premature neonates' O2 blood saturation levels. Therefore, it is recommended to take advantage of its benefits on the physical health of neonates by providing spiritual care to the mothers with premature neonates.

Today, customer satisfaction with the organization's products or services is an important factor in the success or failure of any organization. Customer satisfaction leads to loyalty, returning customers and reducing customer complaints. Various researches have been conducted in the field of customer satisfaction, but few studies have been conducted on customer behaviors that lead to their satisfaction. In this regard, the present research examines the impact of citizenship behavior and cooperative behavior of customers on their perceived value and satisfaction. The statistical population of the research includes the customers of Mashhad restaurants. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Face validity was confirmed using experts' opinions, construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using factor analysis, and reliability of questionnaire variables was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 2 software and structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that citizenship behavior and cooperative customer behavior have a positive and significant effect on the perceived value of customers. The perceived value of customers has a positive and significant effect on their satisfaction. Also, the mediating role of perceived value in the relationship between customer satisfaction citizenship behavior and customer satisfaction cooperative behavior was confirmed.

Among the cases of violation of citizen's rights in the process of dealing with crimes against the country's security is the stage of crime detection. The way out of these challenges has been presented.

In terms of the method of data collection, the current research is in the form of documents, and the information needed for the research was collected from documented scientific sources, and then the collected information was analyzed using an analytical and descriptive method.

The findings of the research show that there are various challenges in the realization of the dignity-oriented approach in the detection phase of security crimes, the most important of which are challenges related to non-compliance with privacy (spoken and written communications) and also challenges related to non-compliance The right to benefit from a defense lawyer and as a result the defense rights of the accused are violated.

The results of the research show that the legislator has recently tried to balance security-oriented and dignity-oriented approaches in detecting security crimes, however, criminalization and disambiguation of criminal procedure laws and strengthening The guarantee of executions overseeing the duties of officers can guarantee the individual freedoms and defense rights of those accused of security crimes.

There is little data on the mortality rate and severity of COVID-19 infection among pediatrics. This knowledge is particularly significant because pneumonia is the main underlying cause of death in children worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the mortality rate of COVID-19 in the pediatric population in Iran.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the publications was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines to search for COVID-19 child mortality. PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Medline databases, and Persian database were searched for publications on pediatric COVID-19 infections published in Iran with a focus on mortality in children with COVID -19 infection in Iran between January 1st to April 30th, 2021. Articles representing at least one Pediatric with and without comorbidities, COVID-19 infection, and informed outcomes were examined.

Eight studies including three case series, and five retrospective cross-sectional studies altogether representing a total of 238 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this meta-analysis. Of this population, 14 patients had died. In this study, the mean age of the study sample was 6.7 years. The mortality rate among children hospitalized with COVID-19 was 9% (95% CI 0.055-0.146). Also, children with comorbidities had a higher risk of COVID-19 related mortality.

Unlike adults, most infected children are asymptomatic and are not usually hospitalized. Children with underlying conditions are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 related mortality than children without underlying illness. More attention should be paid to children with comorbidities and children of young age.

To improve the knowledge and performance of the resuscitation team, we decided to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation training in small groups on the performance of the neonatal resuscitation team at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz. In this interventional study, a single group of pre-test and post-test, 45 nursing staff and pediatric assistants were present using a simple random method. The workshop was held in three stages of training individual skills, integrated and technical, and finally by simulating the conditions of the delivery room, different scenarios were presented to all people and resuscitation operations were filmed separately. Individuals evaluated their performance based on the 2016 Neonatal Resuscitation Program checklist and were guided by a trainer. After 6 months, using a handmade checklist, the effect of training on individual skills, cognitive, technical and experience of individuals was analyzed using SPSS23 software with paired t-test. The mean scores of cognitive, behavioral, technical and experiential skills of learners after training with simulation and reporting methods in small groups increased significantly, the level of significance is respectively(P=0.03), (P=0.001), (P=0.001), (P=0.001). Holding resuscitation report sessions and group training of nurses and specialists in small groups is effective in improving the skills required by the resuscitation team, and people's experience shows that this method is also effective in improving people's self-confidence and improving their performance.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disorder of pregnancy with a strong genetic predisposition. GDM is associated with complications during pregnancy and increased risk of type 2 diabetes later in mothers and develops a vicious cycle of metabolic diseases for future generations. Evidence is accumulating that women with genetic variants at transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene are more susceptible to GDM. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to assess the association of the TCF7L2 polymorphisms with GDM risk.

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SID and CNKI databases were searched to identify relevant studies up to November 01, 2020. Using the fixed-effect or random-effect model, the pooled odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval were computed.

A total of 38 case-control studies including 24 studies with 6021 cases and 13289 controls on rs7903146, eight studies with 2404 cases and 2615 controls on rs12255372 and six studies with 1357 cases and 2858 controls on rs7901695 polymorphism were selected. Pooled data showed that there was a significant association between the TCF7L2 rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7901695 polymorphisms and an increased risk of GDM in whole population. Stratified analysis showed that the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism was associated with GDM in Caucasian, mixed and Chinese women, but not in Asians. Moreover, the TCF7L2 rs12255372 polymorphism was associated with GDM in Asians and Caucasians women with GDM.

The combined data indicated that the TCF7L2 rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7901695 polymorphisms were associated with a significant risk of GDM in whole population, especially in Caucasian women.

Most pregnant women with COVID-19 develop less severe form of the disease, with few cases of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, or perinatal deaths. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the frequency of miscarriage in pregnant women affected by the SARS-COV-2 infection.

A comprehensive search was performed in online databases to identify all relevant studies published up to 5th March 2021. Case-control studies and case series reported the frequency of miscarriage in pregnant women with COVID-19 was selected.

A total of 22 studies with 8591 infected pregnant women and 141 abortions were selected. The frequency of miscarriage was 3.9% (95% CI 0.023-0.063) in infected pregnant women with COVID-19. It had the highest frequency in Asian (6.3%) followed by European (2.9%), West-Asian (2.5%) and Caucasian (2.3%) infected pregnant women. Moreover, stratified analysis by country showed that the frequency of miscarriage is the highest in Chinese (11.3%) followed by Italy (11.2%), India (2.7%), Turkey (2.2%), USA (1.2%) and France (0.9%) infected pregnant women.

Our pooled data revealed that the frequencies of miscarriage in pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 infection were 3.9%.

Cervical carotid dissection is one of the causes of ischemic stroke in young people. Most of the patients with carotid dissection do not have connective tissue diseases (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome). It seems that dissection may occur without an obvious cause or may follow environmental injuries like vigorous neck movements, chiropractic manipulation, emesis, severe coughs, and some infections. We present a case of bilateral carotid dissection in a patient following coronavirus infection and severe coughs.

A 38-year-old right-handed man presented with recurrent episodes of transient right hemiparesis and aphasia. He had a history of coronavirus infection and severe persistent, nonproductive cough 7 days before the onset of his symptoms. Carotid angiography showed tapered flame-like appearance in proximal segment of left ICA starting about 2 cm distal to the carotid bulb caused complete occlusion of left ICA and in right CCA angiography there is pseudo aneurysm in right cervical ICA just before the Petrous segment. In 3 months in follow up DSA there is evidence of complete occlusion of right pseudo aneurysm and recanalization of left ICA without stenosis.

COVID-19 may have role in the processes that eventually led to CAD

Congenital heart disease (CHD) may have serious effects on the course of COVID-19. Limited data were available on CHD in neonates with COVID-19. This study aimed to review the cardiac complications in neonates infected with COVID-19. Some studies showed that myocardial injury in adult patients is often correlated with a fatal outcome. But, scientific evidence in infants is rare, although several reports were published with the description of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 pediatric patients. In these young subjects, a background of surgically treated CHD seems to be a predisposing factor. Numerous studies showed Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-c) is a deadly demonstration of COVID-19 with cardiac involvement. The underlying pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications is not fully understood, although direct viral infection of the myocardium, systemic inflammatory response, coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis and hypoxia have been suggested as possible mechanisms of cardiac complications. It seems COVID-19 can affect different parts of the heart; however, the myocardium is more involved. The mechanisms of pathogenesis of cardiovascular implications in adults and infants are similar but CHD and MIS-c in infants are more important. Further studies on the effects of COVID-19 on the neonatal cardiovascular system are needed.