فهرست مطالب reza esfanjari

The main objective of this study is the economic analysis of using transplanting machines in rice fields. For this purpose, the technical efficiency and the technological gap ratio of farmers who have performed transplanting operation with the traditional method were compared with farmers who have used modern methods for transplanting. The stochastic nonparametric envelopment of data (StoNED) was used to calculate the technical efficiency. The required data were obtained from 531 farmers by using cluster sampling method proportional to the size of the population and by completing a questionnaire. The results of estimating the technical efficiency of the frontier function showed that it is possible to increase production by using the current amount of input and the available level of technology. This is a point of hope for agricultural policymakers. Because by intragroup transferring the correct patterns and techniques of using inputs, rice production can be increased. The results of technical efficiency based on metafrontier function showed that paddy farmers who used the modern planting system had better technical performance. The results of technical efficiency based on the metafrontier function showed that the paddy farmers who used the modern planting system had better technical performance. In addition, the results of the technological gap ratio showed that in all the surveyed farms, farmers who used modern methods for rice transplanting also had a higher technological gap ratio. According to the results, farmers can increase their production by buying modern machinery cooperatively. The government can also take steps to increase production and move towards self-sufficiency through incentive mechanisms such as low-interest facilities for farmers or cooperatives to purchase modern machinery.

This study examines the effects of economic growth, energy consumption, biological capacity and trade openness on the ecological footprint (EF) of consumption as index of environmental degradation using a panel data during the period 1990–2013. A number of panel unit root tests confirm that the data are first-difference stationary. Results from Pedroni and Kao panel co-integration tests show that the variables are co-integrated. Therefore, the panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) method is then employed to estimate the long run relationship between the variables. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between ecological footprint (EF) and biological capacity, and a negative and insignificant impact of trade openness on EF. Energy consumption is also led to increase EF. The results showed the N-shape relationship between EF and economic growth. Therefore, economic growth will lead to further environmental degradation in this region.

According to the increasing importance of green space and environment، decision making of environmental policy is growing at the national level and internationally، so there is an urgent need for information that could be used to promote efficient environmental decision making. In this study the economic benefits associated with Eram Garden of Shiraz، is estimated using a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey design. Required data were collected using questionnaires and interviews with the 219 visitors from the garden in 2010. Results showed that visitor is willing to pay 7251 Rials per day، resulting in aggregate benefits of 2. 75 billion Rials annually. The present value of these aggregate benefits equals to 3. 8 billion Rials، using a social discount rate of 7. 2 %. This study also shows that the amount of visitor’s willingness to pay with education، income، quality and interest orchard environment has a direct and significant relationship and with the proposed amount has a negative and significant relationship. Using the Bayesian estimation indicated that ultimately both approach have the same results.