reza ghafari

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death, particularly during the first year. The avoidance of potentially fatal outcomes requires expeditious preventative steps. Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence science that detects the underlying patterns of available big data for modeling them. This study aimed to establish an ML model with numerous features to predict the fatal complications of MI during the first 72 hours of hospital admission.

We applied an MI complications database that contains the demographic and clinical records of patients during the 3 days of admission based on 2 output classes: dead due to the known complications of MI and alive. We utilized the recursive feature elimination (RFE) method to apply feature selection. Thus, after applying this method, we reduced the number of features to 50. The performance of 4 common ML classifier algorithms, namely logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), was evaluated using 8 classification metrics (sensitivity, specificity, precision, false-positive rate, false-negative rate, accuracy, F1-score, and AUC).

In this study of 1699 patients with confirmed MI, 15.94% experienced fatal complications, and the rest remained alive. The XGBoost model achieved more desirable results based on the accuracy and F1-score metrics and distinguished patients with fatal complications from surviving ones (AUC=78.65%, sensitivity=94.35%, accuracy=91.47%, and F1- score=95.14%). Cardiogenic shock was the most significant feature influencing the prediction of the XGBoost algorithm.

XGBoost algorithms can be a promising model for predicting fatal complications following MI.

Considering that academic success is one of the most important topics for medical sciences schools and faculty members, this study was conducted to determine the predictors of academic success in students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was performed on 542 students of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Iran.The sampling method was stratified at random. The sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, Multiple Intelligences Profiling Questionnaire (MIPQ), College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES), Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ-85-PART2), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 16 software. The General Linear Model (GLM) was used to determine the predictors of academic success. According to the Pearson correlation test, there was a significant positive correlation between academic grade point average (GPA) and social support (r=0.10, P=0.048), academic self-efficacy (r=0.36, P<0.001) and there was a significant negative relationship between GPA and total mental health score (r=-0.14; P=0.003) and its subdomains including anxiety (r=-0.10, P=0.027), depression (r=-0.15, P=0.002), and social dysfunction (r=-0.12; P=0.010). According to GLM, the variables of academic self-efficacy, and level of education were among the predictors of academic success, so the GPA increased significantly with academic self-efficacy (β:0.02, P<0.001). The GPA was greater in bachelor’s students than in professional doctorate students (β:0.76, P<0.001). The significance level was considered at P<0.05. Due to the significant relationship between academic self-efficacy, and educational level with academic success, the promotion of self-efficacy is necessary for all students of all educational levels.

The selection of an elite teacher with the necessary competencies is considered as a motivational force to improve the quality of teaching. This study aimed to determine standard criteria for selecting elite lecturers in medical science universities.

Using a content analysis approach, this qualitative study was carried out in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS), as one of the top ranking medical universities in Iran. Data was collected by purposive sampling method from individuals with experience in the field of teacher evaluation working in the Deputy of Education and Education Development Center (EDC) of TUOMS. Focus group discussion (FGD) sessions continued until data saturation was achieved.

Based on the analysis of the interviews, four criteria for selecting elite teachers were identified as follows: "the dynamics of education", "research and educational innovation", "evaluation of fair treatment, discipline, and professional ethics", and "accountability in transformational innovation packages in education". In addition, the score of clinical teachers and basic sciences teachers was considered as 94 and 100, respectively.

In this study, a standard tool was designed to select elite lecturers in an attempt to observe educational justice and encourage teachers to perform their various roles and tasks. Our results can be used as a standard tool in other Iranian medical universities.

Clinical decision-making is a key component of clinical practice that affects the quality of providing patient services. The explosion of medical knowledge and the need for autonomy of residents' performance has made clinical decision making more difficult for residents. This study explores the experiences of medical residents from clinical decision making.

A qualitative content analysis approach was adopted. Individual semi-structured interviews with medical residents were done. The participants were the medical residents from the hospitals of Tabriz University of medical sciences. Purposive sampling method with the maximum variation was employed. Data collected by individual semi-structured interviews until data saturation and concurrently analyzed. MAXQDA 10 was used to manage the textual data.

Three main categories emerged from the experiences of medical residents including, inadequacy of clinical decision making requirements, decision making based on the prevailing conditions in the clinical setting and lack of supportive professional relations.

Given that clinical decision making is formed in a structure consisting of the climate of clinical setting, available facilities and equipment as well as professional relationships in workplace; therefore, elimination of barriers requires improving the cultural, educational, professional settings and interpersonal relationship.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has become a pandemic. Chest imaging is used for the diagnosis of Covid-19 patients and can address problems concerning Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) shortcomings. Chest X-ray images can act as an appropriate alternative to Computed Tomography (CT) for diagnosing Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to use a Deep Learning method for diagnosing Covid-19 cases using chest X-ray images. Thus, we propose Covidense based on the pre-trained Densenet-201 model and is trained on a dataset comprising chest X-ray images of Covid-19, normal, bacterial pneumonia, and viral pneumonia cases.

In this study, a total number of 1280 chest X-ray images of Covid-19, normal, bacterial and viral pneumonia cases were collected from open access repositories. Covidense, a convolutional neural network model, is based on the pre-trained DenseNet-201 architecture, and after pre-processing the images, it has been trained and tested on the images using the 5-fold cross-validation method.

The accuracy of different classifications including classification of two classes (Covid-19, normal), three classes 1 (Covid-19, normal and bacterial pneumonia), three classes 2 (Covid-19, normal and viral pneumonia), and four classes (Covid-19, normal, bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia) are 99.46%, 92.86%, 93.91 %, and 91.01% respectively.

This model can differentiate pneumonia caused by Covid-19 from other types of pneumonia, including bacterial and viral. The proposed model offers high accuracy and can be of great help for effective screening. Thus, reducing the rate of infection spread. Also, it can act as a complementary tool for the detection and diagnosis of Covid-19.

Islam has gone through ups and downs since the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him) due to the creation of security; In order to maintain this peace and internal security, a trustworthy, powerful and orderly group was needed, which was important in the early days of the Islamic government spontaneously and far from financial interests. They did not follow a specific order. The special order that began by writing the names of the volunteers from the time of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (pbuh) was called (the condition of al-Khamis) a special army of people under the command of Mawla Ali (pbuh) who It was formed for the first time in Islam during their presence in Iraq. Due to their commitment and position, they were always in the service of the Imam and played the role of the vanguard of the army in wars.

Organizations that establish security in society and its employees consider themselves soldiers of Islam should be structured in accordance with religious values ​​and whatever happens with the specialization of these organizations and the number of crimes should not be the basis of the army in the time of Imam. Ali was to distance themselves; Therefore, given the 1400-year history of the past, creating a sense of responsibility in the staff and taking advantage of the wise instructions of the Supreme Leader, we must surpass the enemies of Islam and other countries more than before.

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of gargling normal saline mixed with honey and cold normal saline on postoperative pain relief in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy during 2018.

This clinical trial was performed on 105 children aged 5 - 14 years. The participants were randomly allocated to three 35-member groups, viz. normal saline mixed with honey, cold normal saline, and the control. The patients underwent general anesthesia and then were operated by a single surgeon. Gargle was administered in the first and second groups every six hours up to 48 hours following the surgery. There was no intervention in the control group. The pain was recorded by the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS) at the recovery time and 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 hours and 7 days after the surgery. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Among the participants, 47 subjects (44.8%) were males and the rest were females, with a mean age of 8.6 ± 2.5 years. The three groups were similar in terms of sex, weight, duration of surgery, and bleeding during surgery. The pain at the site of surgery during both resting and swallowing was different at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 hours, and 7 days following the surgery (P < 0.001).

Gargling cold normal saline and normal saline mixed with honey led to reduced pain after tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy; however, the latter had a higher effect on the postoperative pain relief.

Cataract extraction surgery remains the most commonly performed eye surgery by ophthalmologists. The maintenance of mydriasis is required throughout surgery to allow better visualization of the surgical field and a greater working space within the center of the eye. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) have their effect in maintaining mydriasis by their ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial study in 84 patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Patients were randomized to ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% (n=42) or the control group (n=42). Patients in the ketorolac group received one drop of ketorolac every 15 min for a total of 4 drops from one hour before surgery. The horizontal diameters of the pupil were measured in millimeters with a caliper under the microscope at the following stages: before surgery, after intracameral epinephrine injection, after nuclear emulsification and at the end of surgery.
The difference in pupillary diameter at the end of surgery was statistically significant between two groups (7.34 ± 1.0 mm and 8.01 ±0.67 mm in the control and the ketorolac groups, respectively; p=0.018). The difference in mean pupil size after intracameral epinephrine injection and after nuclear emulsification between the control group (0.51 ± 0.25 mm) and the ketorolac group (0.01 ± 0.20 mm) was statistically significant (p Topical ketorolac is an effective inhibitor of miosis during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and provides a more stable mydriatic effect throughout the surgical procedure.

The Educational Scholarship Festival is held every year to express appreciation for the educational Scholarship projects and elevate the promotion and development of the current educational procedures in universities both domestically and nationally. Considering the importance of the festival since its inception in 2008, we decided to conduct the present study with the aim of evaluating the Educational Scholarship Festival over the past seven years in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
This cross-sectional study was done among 120 faculty members who took part in the festival. The data were collected through a questionnaire based on the CIPP evaluation model designed by the National Faculty Member Secretariat. Descriptive statistics were calculated with SPSS 21.
The results showed that 7.8% of participants were educational deputies of faculties, 3.1% were directors of the Medical Education Development Center (over 6 years), 1.6 % were educational experts, and 87.5% were faculty members, of whom 43.1% were members of the refereeing committee for previous festivals. Overall, 80% of participants had taken part in several festivals and 63.9% participated in providing processes. In a general overview of the festival evaluation, the results were as follows: context (mean 44.92 ± 29.25), input (mean 47.90 ± 34.12), and product (mean 42.56 ± 27.1) were evaluated as moderate and process (mean 58.36 ± 30.35) was evaluated as good. The overall satisfaction of the participants with the festival was also assessed as good (mean 71.68± 24.02).
With regard to the results, it is hoped that the quality of Educational Scholarship Festivals improves at medical sciences universities through an improvement of products and modification of the inputs and processes.

For a long time, intestinal parasite infections are the major public health problem. The main reason for this affair is due to differences in geographical conditions and existence of different parasites. Therefore awareness about the parasitic prevalence in our area is an importance public health matter. Subjects and In current cross-section study 300 stool samples were collected from children patient less than 15 years, who were referred to Abozar hospital in Ahvaz. The samples were investigated by direct smear and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique. Overall intestinal parasite prevalence was 5%. The identified pathogenic parasites frequencies were Giardia lamblia 1% and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 1%. The common non-pathogenic protozoa were Entomoeba coli 1.3% and Blastocystis hominis 1.7%. It seems prevalence of parasitic infections has been decreased considerably during recent years. However present study showed that protozoa infection especially by Giardia lamblia is still the main important parasitic infection and is a public health problem in Khuzestan region.

Ecstasy, mainly composed of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is one of the most popular addictive synthetic drugs. This study was aimed to investigate the amount of MDMA in the ecstasy tablets seized in West Azerbaijan province, northwest Iran and also to assess the relationship between the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the tablets. MDMA content of ecstasy tablets was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography method. Flow rate was 3 mL/min and mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing triethylamine (pH = 3.2). The fluorescence spectrophotometer detector set at an excitation and emission wavelength of 220 and 306 nm, respectively. The retention time of ecstasy on this system was 2.2 minutes. The calibration curve was linear (R2= 0.999) over the concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2 µg/ml. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were found to be 0.06 µg/L and 0.19 µg/L, respectively with six times repetition. In this study, 85 ecstasy tablets were analyzed. Mean weight of the tablets was 275.6 ± 70.4 (range: 158.5-403.3) mg. Mean MDMA content of the tablets was 30.53 ± 23.23 (range: 0.05-70.7) mg. The tablets were classified into 8 groups based on their morphological features (color and logo). Considering the tablet groups, physicochemical features of the tablets (weight, MDMA content, and MDMA to weight ratio) were significantly different (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that the MDMA content and weight of tablets were significantly correlated (P = 0.04). There is variability in the physicochemical properties of ecstasy tablets available in the black market for illicit drugs in northwest Iran. This variability may potentially put abusers at increased risk of overdose due to inadvertent excess ingestion of the tablets to achieve desired effects and also experiencing more harm due to tablets adulterants.

Today، the self-assessed health status is a standard part of epidemiologic and community based studies. The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate the health related quality of life in Qom city. In this descriptive analytical study، population of 340 people over 18 years of Qom city entered the study by filling the questionnaires. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data which the first part was related to demographic data including age، sex، marital status، education، occupation and place of residence. The second version of the SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Generally، considering the all aspects of quality of life in this study، the mean (±SD) of scores was 67. 69±14. 78. This average was equal to 67. 28±15. 91 in men and 67. 97±14. 03 in women which showed a significant difference between them (p value=0. 030). In this study the scores of women and single subjects were higher than other people. By the Persian version of 2nd version of SF-36 questionnaire، the quality of life people in different situations might be realized and impact of different demographic factors on quality of life could be measured.

Iron is an essential mineral for normal cellular physiology but its ‎overload can lead to cell injury. For many years, deferoxamine injection has been used ‎as an iron chelator for treatment of iron overload. The aim of this study is to compare ‎oral deferoxamine, activated charcoal, and vitamin C, as an absorbent factor of Fe, in ‎changing the serum level of iron in iron overload rats. In this experimental study, all groups were administered 150 mg iron dextran ‎orally by gavage. After eight hours, rats in the first group received oral deferoxamine ‎while those in the second and third groups received oral activated charcoal 1 mg/kg and ‎oral vitamin C 150 mg, respectively. Then, serum levels of iron ware measured in all ‎rats.‎ The mean serum level of iron in rats that received oral deferoxamine was ‎‎258.11±10.49 µg/dl, whereas mean levels of iron in charcoal and vitamin C groups were ‎‎380.88±11.21 µg/dl and 401.22±13.28 µg/dl, respectively. None of the measurements ‎were within safety limits of serum iron.‎ It seems that oral deferoxamine per se may not help physicians in the ‎management of cases presented with iron toxicity. Activated charcoal did not reduce ‎serum iron significantly in this study and further investigations may be warranted to ‎assess the potential clinical utility of its mixture with oral deferoxamine as an adjunct in ‎the clinical management of iron ingestions. ‎

The method of sampling unit was applied according to the importance of the park in urban landscape structure with the initial purpose of planning method to maximize environmental sustainability and recognizing the structural elements within the park. SWOT technique has been applied to analyze collected data and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of affected areas. We used Geographical Information System (GIS) tools to apply neighborhood functions for extracting correspondent data in structural elements of landscape. The results of present study show that the volume of green spaces decreases in the surrounding area due to construction and farmlands activities.