فهرست مطالب reza kalantari

In this article first the use of computer security models and its benefits are discussed in a novel way. Then, while briefly introducing the space of computer security encounters in the form of ontology, for the first time, three perspectives in the study of patterns in this field have been identified and distinguished from each other. These three perspectives include the view of secure models, the view of security models, and the view of the framework and system to security models. The first and third perspectives are briefly explained and the second perspective is studied in detail from the perspective of the organization of patterns, including the five types of organization. The five types mentioned include software-based lifecycle organization, logical-level organization-based organization, threat-based classification-based organization, attack-based classification-based organization, and application-based organization. In this type of introduction of patterns, the audience acquires a comprehensive view of the discourse of computer security patterns and acquires the necessary knowledge to make better use of these patterns. Finally, the analysis and idea of this research is presented in the form of introducing a new type of organization in order to facilitate the proper use and addressing of patterns.
In this idea, it is stated that the existing categories are mostly static and forward-looking and do not have the necessary dynamism and backwardness, and the idea of covering all stakeholders and security ontology can have this feature and, in addition, include agile patterns as well. .

In this study, the moderating role of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between related party transactions and firm has been investigated. The statistical population of the study was all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2020 that the purposeful removal method was used to determine the statistical sample size. Finally, 102 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Data analysis and testing was performed using the combined data approach and the fixed effects data method. The results showed that related party transactions on the firm value have a significant relationship ,so that sales transactions increase the value of the company and purchase transactions lead to a decrease in the value of the company. In examining the fourth hypothesis, it was found that the company's social responsibility had a moderating role on the relationship between related party transactions and the firm value.The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of related party transactions dependent on the value of the company and show the market response to such transactions. Social responsibilities are also a factor affecting the above relationships.

 Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the most common intracellular parasite in the human population. The anti-cancer effect of these parasites has been shown, which may be due to the presence of common antigens between the parasite and cancer cells.

 In this work, the reaction of Toxoplasma-positive human sera and Toxoplasma-negative human sera with cell surfaces of 4T1 and MCF7 cell lines have been investigated.

 4T1 and MCF7 cells were harvested from cell cultures and treated with either human Toxoplasma Positive or negative sera. The reaction of the sera was then detected using the flow cytometry method.

 Toxoplasma-positive sera reacted more strongly with both breast cancer cell lines than Toxoplasma-negative sera.

 Anti-T. gondii antibodies strongly react with breast cancer cells. These antibodies may be used for selective cancer immunotherapy in the future.

Psychological distress (PD) is one of the most common mental disorders in the general population. Psychological distress is considered a public health priority due to its adverse effects on quality of life, health, performance, and productivity. It can also predict several serious mental illnesses, such as depressive disorder and anxiety. In this study, we intend to identify the behavioral pattern of PD in the population of 18 to 65 years old in Mashhad using two methods, K-median and Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and evaluate the agreement between the two methods.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 38058 individuals referred to community health care centers in Mashhad of Iran in 2019. The information used in this study was extracted from Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR) database. A demographic information checklist and a 6-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K-6) were used for data collection. K-median and LCA were used for data analysis.

Out of 38058 participants, 49.3% were women, 86.1% were married, and 63.6% had a diploma and under diploma education. The LCA identified three patterns of PD in answering the items of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (19.7%), low PD (36.7%), and no PD (43.5%). Three clusters were identified by the K-Median method 1) severe PD (22.0%), 2) low PD (31.1%), and 3) and no PD (46.9%). The agreement between K-Median and LCA was kappa = 0.862.

About 20% of people were classified as having severe PD. Both LCA and k-median methods can reasonably identify the latent pattern of PD with significant entropy, and there was almost complete agreement between the two methods in data clustering. Considering the advantages of the LCA, this method is recommended to identify the latent pattern of PD based on the k-6 questionnaire.

Healthcare staff are at the heart of the covid-19 pandemic and play an important role in controlling this disease. Operating room practitioners could be contaminated by a coronavirus, which imposes a high pressure on them, affecting their need for recovery from work. This study aimed to compare the need for recovery in the operating room practitioners with and without covid-19 infection history. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the operating room department of a public hospital on 217 operating room practitioners, including Operating room technicians, anaesthesiologists, and service staff. The data collection tools were a demographics questionnaire and the need for recovery scale. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and oneway ANOVA were used for data analysis. T he m ean a nd s tandard d eviation o f t he n eed f or recovery score in the studied population were 71.30±21.40. The practitioners with covid-19 infection history had a significantly higher need for recovery (P=0.001) than those without covid-19 history. In addition, the service staff had a higher percentage of covid-19 infection and had more need for recovery than operating room technicians (P=0.014). The operating room practitioners with a history of covid-19 infection had a significantly higher need for recovery than those without a history of infection. Therefore, protecting the operating room practitioners against covid-19 infection is the first step in preventing the excessive need for recovery levels. In addition, increasing the number of operating room staff, reducing the number of working hours, and paying more attention to their work-life quality can help reduce their need for recovery.

Infection is a possible problem in operating rooms. The aseptic technique is one of the circulating nurses’ duties to prevent infections and keep patients safe against microorganisms in the operating room.

This study aimed to assess the circulating nurses’ aseptic practices in orthopedic and general surgeries.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 296 circulating nurses who worked in public hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, during the 2020 summer. Data collection tools included a demographics questionnaire and the Aseptic Practices among Circulating Nurses Scale. The data were collected after the assessment of the psychometric properties of the tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

The mean score of the aseptic practice scale was 3.50 out of 5. Although the aseptic practice score was higher than the average level, the circulating nurses had low scores in several items. Age and work experience had a weak negative correlation with the “establishment of a sterile field” subscale. The aseptic practice score was significantly different in circulating nurses with different academic educational levels.

There is a need to improve some aseptic practices. Supplying the hospitals with necessary materials, using appropriate guidelines and educational programs, supervising, and setting appropriate policies can help improve aseptic practices.

The operating room is a high-risk environment in which practitioners with different educational backgrounds work together to provide safe care for surgical patients. The surgical team needs to use teamwork skills for safe performance and error prevention. Pediatric surgery is a very sensitive surgery type that needs special psychological skills.

This study aimed to assess surgical teams’ teamwork skills in pediatric surgery.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 154 surgical teams working in the pediatric operating rooms of two public hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, during the summer of 2021 using convenience sampling. The data were collected by the Mayo High- Performance Teamwork Scale. An operating room technologist collected the data by observing surgeries. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

The mean value of the teamwork score was 1.57 ± 0.20 (out of 2). The total teamwork score was 25.20 ± 3.31 (out of 32). The majority of items had a score of more than average. The team members had the highest score in recognizing a leader. The studied surgical teams had low scores in verbalizing their activities and repeating back the instructions.

The overall teamwork score in the studied teams in the pediatric operating rooms was at an acceptable level. However, the studied teams did not do well in team communication behaviors. Interventions, such as educating, standardizing communications, and implementing a pediatric surgical safety checklist, can improve team communication skills.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a pathogenic and zoonotic parasite, which felines implicate as definitive hosts; intermediate hosts are warm-blooded vertebrates. The protozoa can cause serious symptoms in humans, while in poultry is usually asymptomatic. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in poultry due to the way poultry are fed is an important indicator of the distribution of oocysts in the environment; in addition, consumption of raw or under cooked meat of chickens can cause infection in human and other animals. Therefore, in this study, the prevalence rate of infection to toxoplasma gondii in domestic and industrial breeding poultry in Isfahan City, Iran, was assessed.

From three groups of domestic breeding, broiler, and laying eggs poultry, 60 blood clot samples were collected. On collected serums, serological modified agglutination test (MAT) was performed. Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies were assayed by this test. Then, the obtained results were analyzed.

By performing the MAT serological test, 20, 15, and 30 samples were positive in domestic breeding, industrial broiler, and in laying eggs samples, respectively. Therefore, relative frequency was 33.3, 25.0, and 50.0 percent in domestic breeding, industrial broiler, and industrial laying eggs, respectively, which by performing chi-square test and calculating the P < 0.050 between the three groups, a significant difference was observed serologically.

A considerable percent of domestic and industrial poultry was infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, preventive measures should be conducted to provide safe foods for vertebrate animals and human. </div

Despite the increasing development of research in the service supply chain, the IT service supply chain measurements have not  grown proportionally. In this paper, based on a  survey the key indicators in the IT service supply chain and ranking them, a new hybrid method for measuring the supply chain performance in IT service providers is presented.  IT services are examined in three subcategories: Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) and Mutual Trust. In this method, comparative vectors in the high dimension space using the AHP method are developed from relationships between effective IT service supply chain factors and the Kernel LS-SVM method is presented for outranking. The Kernel LS-SVM method allows the presentation of mean surface and provides a hyperplane for outranking. The result shows that knowledge and skills, management information system, security service management system, ability to communicate effectively with the customer, ability to establish effective relationships with suppliers, performance of provided services and customer response time, criteria are the highest importance among 112 examined indicators and More attention to them caused an significant increase in quality of measuring  the performance of companies.

Occupational health and safety is important for workers and their employers. Unfavorable safety climate can affect the workers' health and performance negatively. Job stress is a harmful pheromone in the industries that have been a concerning issue in recent years. This study aimed to determine the safety climate and its effect on the workers' perceived stress in a tile industry in the west of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 employees working in a tile industry in the west of Iran in 2018. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, safety climate, and Cohen's perceived stress questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and leaner regression test using SPSS version 22 software. The mean (SD) of safety climate was 3.06±0.55 (out of 5) and that  of perceived stress was 26 ±8.22 (out of 56). A significant inverse relationship was found between safety climate and perceived stress (r=-0.240, p-value= 0.005). Safety climate was not significantly correlated with demographic features and background factors (p-value > 0.05). The results of this study showed that the level of safety climate was moderate to high; besides, the unfavorable safety climate can be a risk factor for perceived stress.  Given the inverse relationship between safety climate and perceived stress, improving the staff's safety level by engineering and managerial interventions can be useful in improving the workers' health.

The purpose of the present study is to identify priority indicators -based on the qualitative analysis of the results of the research carried out- and also to provide a framework for measuring the performance of the information security service supply chain.

The methodology of this research is essentially descriptive and qualitative and has been carried out in two stages. In the first phase, 133 papers were reviewed, after evaluation, 28 articles were approved. Then, by using the CASP method, finally, 15 articles on the measurement of the performance of the service chain received the minimum score for conducting a qualitative analysis of the content. By reviewing these articles, a conceptual framework for measuring the performance of the service chain was presented in the form of a "logic model". This model is a tool that illustrates the logic of doing things in the four components of inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. After verifying the reliability of the results, in the second stage, in order to map the proposed framework into the field of information security services, by referring to ten experts in this field and receiving their views in the three rounds of the Fuzzy Delphi, validation and final modeling of the research was designed.

The evaluation of the performance of the information security service supply chain for 19 indicators and 35 effective sub-indicators, under the logic model, were agreed with the coefficient of coordination of Kendal of 0.742 between experts and specialists.

The review of experts' opinions showed that the sub-indicators of knowledge and skills, the provision of new and up-to-dated security technologies and the confidentiality and security of information make the most important and rate of personnel turnover sub-indicator, assessing the least important in the performance evaluation of the information security services supply chain.

Non-technical skills are critical for patient safety and good surgical outcomes. Thus, surgeons should master these skills. This study aimed to assess non-technical skills among Iranian orthopedic surgeons.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two orthopedic surgery wards in 2019. A total of 22 orthopedic surgeons were observed in this survey. The data were collected using Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) through observing and recording events during surgeries.

“Leadership” was the best non-technical skill with score of 3.14 out of 4, while “communication and teamwork” had the lowest score (3.02 out of 4). There was a significant relationship between work experience and “projecting and anticipating future state” (P=0.009).

The studied orthopedic surgeons showed acceptable non-technical skills. However, poor behaviors were observed in some domains. Educational programs, policymaking interventions, and supervision can improve the surgeons’ non-technical skills.

This study was conducted to assess reading proficiency of first grade students at Turkish-Persian bilingual and Persian monolingual regions. The research design was survey-descriptive and the sample was selected through cluster sampling which emcompassed 20 classes including 300 first grade students. Shafiei et al.’s (1387) Inventory Reading Test (IRT), was employed to assess participants’ comprehension, accuracy and fluency; Soleimani and Dastjerdy’s (1389) phonological awareness test was employed to measure phonological awareness differences; and a research made questionnaire based on Nematzade et al.’s (1390) study was used to achieve participants’ vocabulary repertoire. The results through independent t test indicated significant differences in accuracy and fluency between bilingual and monolingual students. However, there were not significant differences among reading comprehension, phonological awareness, vocabulary repertoire of bilingual and monolingual students. To indicate the reading subcomponents relationships, Pearson correlation was done and the results showed significant relationships among reading five-subcomponents. Due to the effectiveness of bilingualism and the interconnection among reading sub-components, educational authorities should seriously support special intervening reading programs for bilingual students. It has been estimated that approximately two-third of the world’s population is either bilingual or multilingual; that is, more than half the people in the world routinely use two or more languages in their daily communication in different ways. Multilingualism and multiculturalism are social facts of this new century, which can be seen in most classrooms and playgrounds. Iran, a multicultural society, is home to a number of language communities speaking Azeri-Turkish, Kurdish, Baluch, and Arabic languages among others. In non-Persian regions children attending the first grade classes are not competent in Persian listening and speaking skills. These children should study all school curriculums in Persian along with Persian native-speaker students. It seems that bilingualism in Iran is a kind of subtractive bilingualism. Unlike additive bilingualism that both languages enrich each other, in subtractive bilingualism the second language is added at the expense of the first language. Consequently, bilingualism in Iran seems to have contributed to the high rate of retention and grade repetition. For instance, in both TIMSS and PIRLS international studies, Iranian students ranked almost last.  As a case in the international reading comprehension study of 1970, Iran ranked 14th among fifteen participating countries, and in PIRLS 2001, 32nd among the 35 participating countries. Part of this result is due to bilingualism issue in Iran. The related literature indicates that Iranian bilingual students got lower scores than monolingual in reading comprehension test. Curriculum planners always search for ways to remedy this problem. For example, they have designed a one-month preparatory course for the non-Persian speaking students or have employed some other extra courses. But none of these solutions are effective for improving the non-Persian students’ drop-out rate. In recent years, dynamic systems theory has attracted a great deal of attention which has had a great impact on recent research on language studies. The central idea in dynamic systems theory is that language development is a dynamic, interrelated and complex cognitive demand. In the case of reading skill, it is a complex construct composed of a set of interrelated components such as accuracy, fluency, phonological awareness, reading comprehension, and vocabulary repertoire. An overview on literature shows that the majority of reading comprehension studies have predominantly focused on one shot approach on reading development studying only one of reading sub-components. However, to analyze reading development, we should consider all five-subcomponents in developmental process and concentrate on the interaction components too. In sum, to our best knowledge, most of the studies in this realm of inquiry have employed a limited number of subcomponents to account for reading comprehension research. Therefore, the impetus that prompted us to undertake this study was to analyze first grade monolingual and bilingual students’ reading comprehension because identifying the amount of reading comprehension of bilingual students and comparing it with monolingual students is the first step in eliminating the problem of  the high rate of retention and grade repetition in bilingual areas. Therefore, the present inquiry set to investigate (a) to compare monolingual and bilingual students’ reading skill (b) and to find whether there are any significant relationships between the sub-components (accuracy, fluency, phonological awareness, reading comprehension, and vocabulary repertoire) of students’ reading skill. In this study, 20 classes including 300 first grade students selected from monolingual and bilingual regions chosen through cluster sampling and three reliable and valid questionnaires including Shafiei et al.’s (1387) Inventory Reading Test (IRT), Soleimani and Dastjerdy’s (1389) phonological awareness test, and a research made questionnaire based on Nematzade et al.’s (1390) study were employed to evaluate participants’ reading skill. Meanwhile, four examiners were selected to measure the students’ reading comprehension skill. Independent t test and Pearson correlation were considered to signify the findings. The results indicated significant differences in accuracy and fluency between bilingual and monolingual students. However, there were not significant differences among reading comprehension, phonological awareness, vocabulary repertoire of bilingual and monolingual students. Pearson correlation indicated that five-subcomponents of reading construct are highly interrelated. These results were generally in harmony with previous studies. However, these findings were inconsistent with a number of related researches. The possible explanation for significance and non-significance differences in reading sub-components of bilingual and monolingual could be discussed considering contrastive analysis and the method of bilingual education in Iran. Another point of our interpretation concerns interrelatedness of sub-components of reading skill. Under appropriate condition, development in one dimension of a skill may facilitate the emergence of other aspects of language output. Based on this issue, the possible justification for reading sub-components correlation may be the co-adaptation of reading sub-components to each other in a parallel form. Thus, these sub-components could have cross-fertilized one another.

Workload is defined as the amount of work assigned to employees. The imbalance of efforts and rewards may cause occupational stress. The present study aimed to assess the impact of workload-related factors on the effort-reward imbalance in various working groups at a gas refinery complex.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 274 employees in five working groups in 2018. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, NASA TLX, need for recovery scale, and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22.

In total, 97 participants (34.3%) had the ERI score of more than one, and the imbalance was higher in the service workers. The ERI score was significantly correlated with the mental workload in the staff (P = 0.034) and engineering personnel (P = 0.045). A significant association was observed between the need for recovery and ERI score in the staff, engineering personnel, and middle managers (P < 0.05).

The ERI score reduced with the reduction of workload-related factors through improving the workplace conditions, hiring sufficient employees, and proper rewards. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the needs of various working groups in order to enhance their working conditions.

Healthcare centers coupled with hospitals are the most important organizations that provide health related services for people and society. On the other hand, high quality of work life is necessary to maintain and motivate employees. This study conducted with the aim of assessing quality of work life and its related factors in healthcare staff. This cross-sectional study was conducted on totally 158 respondents consisting of all employees of nursing, laboratory, radiology and operating room of Imam Khomeini hospital and health centers of Islamabad Gharb city. In order to data collection, the questionnaires of demographics and Walton›s quality of work life were used. In this study, all ethical issues were considered throughout all steps. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Walis test via SPSS19 software. Among all participants, 36.7% of employee had low quality of life, 61.4 medium and 1.9 reported high quality of work life. There was no significant relationship between quality of life and sex, age, marital status, place of work, work patterns, education level and the type of employment (P-valve > 0.05). Regarding low and medium quality of life in studied employees, some interventions seem necessary to increase the quality of life level such as improving work condition, better relationships in workplace, and more financial and moral supports.

Mental workloadis the operator´s mind effort, the excessive levels of which can endanger his/her health. Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (WMSs) could be the result of a high mental workload. As the workload level depends on the task, this study aims to assess the relationship between mental workload and musculoskeletal symptoms in different working groups of a hospital.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 employees in three main working groups including office staff, clinical employees, and service workers in a governmental hospital at Shiraz. Demographics, NASA Task Load Index, and Nordic musculoskeletal symptoms questionnaire were the data collection tools. SPSS, version 21, was used for data analysis.
The mean mental workload was 66.03 in office staff, 67.86 in clinical employees, and 72.41 in service workers. The prevalence of WMSs was 67% in office staff, 62.5% in clinical employees, and 60.8% in service workers. The overall mental workload was related to symptom prevalence in the elbow, thighs, knee, and foot (P-value < 0.05).
Some domains of the mental workload are related to WMSs in the studied working groups. Paying attention to the special needs of each working group is necessary for reducing mental workload and WMSs.

Non-technical skills are interpersonal and cognitive skills involved in safe performance and preventingadverse events during surgery. it is necessary to dominate the non-technical skills to ensure patient safety. This studyhas aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Oxford Non-technical skills 2 system (Oxford NOTECHS 2) in Iran andto evaluate surgical teams’ non-technical skills in orthopedic surgery wards. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran during 2015. The level of evidence is III based onCanadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. We followed the Beaton’s guideline for Persian translationand cross-cultural adaptation of the checklist. In this study, 60 orthopedic surgical team members working in twoselected public hospitals were selected by cluster random sampling method.Oxford NOTECHS 2 system which isconsisted of four subscales including leadership and management, teamwork and collaboration, decision-makingand problem-solving, and situational awareness was used to collect the data. The overall mean score of non-technical skills was 69.52±6.64. The mean score for surgery, anesthesia, andnursing sub-teams were 24.98±3.71, 21.12±4.29, and 23.42±3.60, respectively. The teams’ scores in total, leadershipand management, teamwork and collaboration, problem solving and decision making, and situational awareness atthe standard level were 74.70%, 76.95%, 73.75%, 66.87%, and 74.70% of maximum score, respectively. The validity and reliability of the Persian version of Oxford NOTECHS 2 scale in Iran was confirmed. Theresults of this study showed that surgical teams’ non-technical skills were at a moderate level in orthopedic surgerywards. The minimum score of the surgical teams’ non-technical skills belonged to anesthesia and maximum to surgerysub-team. Using the training programs and setup workshop is recommended to improve the surgical teams’ nontechnicalskills, especially surgery-nursing sub-team.Level of evidence: III

Job stress is one of the most hazardous factors in workplace that endangers the workers’ public health physically and psychologically.
This study was conducted to investigate the general health status and occupational stress of workers in an electrical tablet production industry in Iran.
This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 110 workers employed in electrical industry. The data were gathered by using demographic features questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ), and job stress questionnaire (OSIPOW). The questionnaires were completed by interview to minimize the error in the data collection stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver.20). A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
63.6% of the participants in this study were in inappropriate general health status. There was a significant difference between the total score of general health and education level (P=0.04). Also, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in working time in administrative and non-administrative parts. A significant relationship was observed between inefficiency and dichotomy of job stress with the total level of general health (P<0.05).
Education and job stress are effective factors on the workers working in this industry.

  Poor postures are an important risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impact of educational interventions on the correction of body posture and reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in assembly line workers. This interventional study was conducted on 63 assembly line workers. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Data were collected before the two-day educational intervention and two months after the training. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon test. The prevalence of WMSDs was 85.7% before the intervention, which reduced to 46.7% after the intervention. Discomfort symptoms were higher in the neck, lower back, upper back, and wrists compared to the other body parts. RULA action level decreased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.001). Moreover, the frequency, severity, and impact of pain in the neck, lower back, upper back, and wrists on the tasks of the subjects reduced significantly after the intervention. Educational intervention is an effective solution to reduce the prevalence, frequency, severity, and impact of pain on the ability and body posture of workers, but multi-component, ergonomic interventions should be implemented to achieve better outcomes

Safe performance and patient safety are two important issues in the delivery of healthcare services. Non-technical skills are necessary for safe performance of anesthesiologists in the operating room. This study aimed to assess the anesthetists’ non-technical skills in Iranian hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 38 anesthetists working in orthopedic surgery wards of two hospitals in 2019. The data were collected using the Anesthetist’s Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system, which included four domains, namely task management, teamwork, situation awareness, and decision-making. The anesthetists were assessed by a trained observer via observing and recording the events during surgeries. The mean score of ANTS was 10.12±1.66 out of 16. Among the four skills, the highest and lowest mean scores were related to “task management” (2.94 out of 4) and “decision-making” (2.26 out of 4), respectively. Work experience showed a significant positive relationship with “decision-making” (p=0.008, r=0.974). However, higher education level was not associated with improved anesthesiology skills. The quality of non-technical skills was below the acceptable level in the studied anesthetists. Thus, it is recommended that the anesthetists’ skills should be improved through educational and political interventions.

In Iran, both forms of cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been reported; so the accurate species identification of the parasite(s) and the analysis of genetic diversity are necessary. The smears were collected from lesions samples of 654 patients with CL, who attended local health centers in 12 provinces of Iran during 2013-2015. The smears were checked for the presence of amastigotes by light microscopy. DNA of 648 Leishmania isolates, amplified by targeting a partial sequence of ITS (18S rRNA–ITS1–5.8S rRNA–ITS2) gene. Twenty-five of all the amplicons were sequenced and analyzed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the Taq1 enzyme. All the smears were positive microscopically. The PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that 176 (27%) CL patients were infected with L. tropica and, 478 (73%) with L. major. The dominant species in all over Iran is L. major. The sequencing results of all CL patients and RFLP analysis confirmed each other. Based on our phylogenetic tree, 25 ITS DNA sequences were grouped into two clusters representing L. major and L. tropica species. Phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS sequences supports a clear divergence between L. major from the other species. Discrimination of Iranian Leishmania isolates using ITS gene gives us this opportunity to detect, identify, and construct the phylogenetic relationship of Iranian isolates.

Job burnout is a syndrome that occurs in response to long-term stress in workplace and declines job satisfaction and motivation in employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and intensity of job burnout and its determinants among the first level healthcare employees in Islamabad- e Gharb city.

In this cross-sectional study, 136 employees of health care centers of Islamabad- e Gharb in 2015 were selected through census method and based on inclusion criteria. The data collection tool was the Maslach burnout inventory that is a valid and reliable tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive Statistics, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests and through SPSS 16 software.

The frequency of job burnout was mild in 47.8% of employees and moderate in 52.2% of them. The intensity of job burnout was mild in 25.7%, moderate in 73.5% and severe in 0.7% of participants. The frequency and intensity of job burnout showed no significant relation with age, sex, marital status, work experience, level of education, smoking, service location and the type of employment (P>0.05).

Most employees had moderate and low levels of job burnout. Management strategies are necessary in order to prevent and reduce job burnout. Paying attention to the needs of staff such as increase in salary and benefits and job promotion is recommended.

Human resource is an important assets for any organization and it is necessary to preserve their health for achieving the organizational goals. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the quality of work life with depression, anxiety and stress on employees in healthcare system of Islam Abad e Gharb Healthcare Network. This is a descriptive-analytic study in which 158 employees of Health Network were studied by cross-sectional and census method. Data were collected by questionnaires of Walton’s quality of work life and DASS. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Mean and median (Standard deviation) was 80.45 (17.70) for quality of work life, 4.9 (4.1) for depression, 6.34 (4.2) for stress and 3.7 (3) for anxiety. There was a negative and significant relationship between quality of work life and depression(r=-0.255, p=0.001), anxiety (r= -0.260, p= 0.001) and stress (r= -0.242, p= 0.002). Regarding the results, it can be concluded that improving the quality of work life is essential to mitigate the rate of depression, anxiety and stress.

Nursing is one of professions that employees are at risk of fatigue and work related musculoskeletal disorders, because of high physical workload and high job stress. Connecting serum set to serum solution is one of the repetitive tasks for nurses in their working times and it may cause pain and discomfort in their hand. The aim of this study was to design and ergonomic evaluation of a tool for connecting serum set to serum solution.
Material and This experimental- interventional study conducted on 12 nurses (6 men and 6 women) in 3 phases. First phase was assessment of manual connecting of serum set to the bag by nurses, second phase was design and manufacturing of serum set connector and third was ergonomic assessment of the manufactured tool. In first and third phases, amount of perceived exertion by nurses was assessed using the Burg scale (CR10), and electromyography assessment for hand muscles activity was conducted during connecting serum set. Data of first and third phases compared with statistical tests.
Mean score of perceived effort during manual connection of serum set was 5±1/2 (of 10) and while mechanical connection with designed tool was 2.3±0/49. There was significant difference between activity in 5 muscles (Flexor Digit Comonis, Flexor Carpi Radial, Biceps, Triceps and Deltoid) in manually and mechanically connection mode (P-value Use of serum set connector reduced the perceived effort and activity of hand and wrist muscles. This device can be used as an ergonomic tool for nurses to easing the inserting the serum set to serum solution

Occurs as a result of long-term exposure to stress, job burnout threatens the health of personnel. Considering the important role of healthcare personnel in maintaining and promoting people’s health, the current study investigated the job burnout frequency and its association with job performance among healthcare personnel. This correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted among all healthcare personnel of urban/rural healthcare centers in Health Office of Islam Abad-e-Gharb, Iran. A total of 136 personnel participated in this study. Data were collected using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Hersey and Goldsmith’s job performance scale. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze the data (p≤0.05). The mean (SD) frequencies of job burnout and job performance were found to be 45.96±17.77 and 52.5±9, respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between job burnout and job performance (p=0.000, r=-0.249). However, there was no significant association between job burnout and age, gender, marital status, education, and smoking factors (p≥0.05). The findings showed that most of the personnel experienced moderate to low levels of job burnout. Besides, job burnout was found to be a factor affecting job performance. Hence, this study calls for useful interventions to reduce job burnout and increase job performance consequently.