reza ramazani

Fa`iliyat in prepatetic philosophy is ontologically based on the principle of homogeneity, sinkhiyat, and it seems that avicennian interpretation of sinkhiyat is based on essential knowledge in the existential relationship between all the higher principles and the beings of the world, especially between the Creator, the system of creation and between the self. Its human and plant and animal powers have been influential. According to Avicennian ontological macro rules, the present essential knowledge is based on the principle of senkhiyat and the relationship between the creational activity and actual essential knowledge is a cause-and-effect relational existence, and the Divine fa1iliyaht and the human soul as fa`ili bi`l`inayah, and give existence to the creation and human powers In this way, this macro rule in Avicennian wisdom does not mean the inherent inclusion of the cause in relation to the perfectional attributes and the combined existence of the effect in order to prove the personal unity of the existence of the cause and the effect. Rather, this rule results in a kind of constructive unity in the sense of the unity of existence and the existing plurality regarding the existence of the supreme necessary being and possible beings and the objective reality of the human soul and its physical powers. This common interpretation in the rule of senkhiyat has caused the knowledge of the human soul to be one of the most important way for one`s knowledge of God and His grace.

The principle of agency is the ontological foundation of Masha's philosophy and it seems that the interpretation of Sinavi's agential causation is in the existential relationship between all supreme principles and subaltern beings, such as the ontological relationship between the burden of transcendence and the system of creation and the existential relationship between the single human sou l. And its powers have been the influence of passage. The causality based on the causality between the causes and causal factors completely excludes the substantive relationship and the plurality of isolation between these objective facts and proves the doubt and existential difference between them. Of course, according to the macro-ontological rules of agency, it is necessary to have non-alien variables of cause and effect, and it makes supreme principles non-alien and non-alien from their causes and gives relational existence to the causes. In this way, the personal unity of the existence of the cause and the multiplicity of the quality of the effect cannot be proven in Sinavi's wisdom, but a kind of constructive unity, meaning the unity of existence and the existing multiplicity, can be found in some of the ontological topics such as theology and anthropology of him and his co-thinkers.

Sheikh e- Mufid (413 A. H), one of the greatest Shia rationalist scholars in time of Buyids (320-447 A. H), has compiled some books on various sciences including history. Al-Irshad is one of his famous and reliable books regarding the infallible Imams (PBUT), part of which is devoted to the uprising of Imam Hussain (PBUH). The style of writing in this book is on the basis of some criteria such as: considering rationalism, realism, avoiding exaggeration and pretending as oppressed. The following article studies the application of these criteria on the martjdom of Imam Hussein (PBUH) in al-Irshad and it has concluded that Sheikh e- Mofid has left aside some of the famous historical reports about this issue based on his own criteria, and sometimes it has not adhered to these standards

 Hajj and Hajj pilgrimage were of Hosseinieh Ershad’s undertakings during the Pahlavi era; so that a unit with the same title was working under the supervision of Hosseinieh. Referring to written documentation and interviews with Hosseinieh Ershad’s personnel, this article focuses on Hosseinieh’s participation in the Hajj pilgrimage of Iranians during the Pahlavi era. Holding Hajj ritual training classes for pilgrims, organizing Ḥajj al-Tamattuʿ pilgrimage caravans, introducing and visiting Islamic historical monuments in the Arabian Peninsula, teaching the history and Sirah of the Prophet (PBUH) in Hosseiniyah, and teaching Hajj philosophy and analytical rituals were among the activities of this institute. The beneficial impacts of these measures were clearly seen during Hosseinieh’s five-year participation in the Hajj program.

Religious identity means a sense of commitment to religion; Belonging to a religious community and belonging to a nation to which they adhere is defined and is considered as one of the most important factors in creating social consolidation and cohesion. Due to the importance of the issue of religious identity, on this basis, the present study was conducted with the aim of sociological study of the factors affecting the formation of religious identity of female high school students in Boroujerd. The statistical population is all female high school students in this city. To calculate the sample size, 383 people were selected through Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The research tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was used at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. There is a significant relationship between a high school girl in Boroujerd.

The globalization of Covid-19, the high rate of disease transmission and mortality resulting from it, has explicitly persuaded researchers and thinkers, especially sociologists, to consider it a social issue. This study aims to discover the interpretation and meaning of religion from the perspective of male students living in Tehran in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on their mental and social health. The research method of the present paper is qualitative and the strategy of the underlying theory has been used. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 male students living in Tehran who were selected by purposive sampling and snowball methods. Eight main topics and one core topic were extracted through the data coding system including fear of death, strengthening thinking and belief in the hereafter and the world after death, highlighting the ritual aspect of religiosity, strengthening the belief aspect of religion, religion and peace during the pandemic, strengthening social capital and social health during the pandemic outbreak, the emergence of new meanings of life, and changes in diet and lifestyle. In addition, "Covid-19 pandemic and return to spirituality" was selected as the core topic, and finally, the paradigm model extracted from the data was set up. The findings suggested that male students in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic had significantly strengthened religiosity in the belief and ritual aspects or experienced a return to spirituality. Furthermore, the role of religion in improving the mental and physical health of these people in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic is significant and important. An issue that in the global age with an individualistic culture, invites the human eye to concepts such as cohesion and solidarity, intimacy and social participation, charity in crisis and peace in life.

We aimed to identify the indicators and criteria to locate temporary shelters for conflict refugees.

This systematic review evaluated the full-text of the related articles in international electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochran, and Google Scholar from the beginning and without time limit to 1 June 2019. In addition, this search was based on a strategy developed by the researchers. The studies were selected regardless of their methods and two data extraction forms were used to extract the most relevant and important information.

Among 10124 cases of primary documents, 38 articles were selected, and 25 articles were analyzed in full-text. Totally, 45 indicators were identified and classified into two main categories of physical and non-physical indicators with six subcategories of land ownership, host government, access to infrastructures, site safety, land characteristics, and economic, social, and cultural considerations.

The selection of temporary shelters for the conflict refugees requires the identification of all the specific influential factors not properly addressed. The final indicators obtained in our review could be incorporated into the development of the models required in this regard.

In history of Shiism, name of some people has been recorded among Shias and companions of Imams; but when the reasons and the sources that have recorded such names are examined, the opposite of that claim is proven. In many of books, the name of Yazīd b. al-Ḥuṣayn has been recorded as one of Shias of Imam al-Ḥusayn (pbuh) and as a martyr of Karbala, whereas when the documents that have been adduced for proving the martyrdom of Yazīd are critiqued and their historical roots are found, not only cannot his name be considered among the martyrs of Karbala, but also according to the affirmation of old and valid history, Yazīd was one of enemies of Imam al-Ḥusayn (pbuh) who martyred Sulaymān b. Ṣurad after ʿĀshūrā and in Tawwābūn uprising and was alive in the time of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the Umawī caliph; thus, to recognize real Shias, it is necessary for sources and documents to be explored according to principles and research rules in history

This paper is seeking the features of mystical and spiritual interpretation of the Koran. Mysticism means an understanding of the internal implications stemmed from spiritual journey and fighting with one's soul. In this mystical practice, in addition to attention to the internal meanings, the external meanings are also intended. The main question of the research herein is the what and the features of the methodology of this type of interpretation. The paper has used descriptive analytic method through library research to investigate the subject matter from the standpoint of the Koran and hadith. This paper is claimed that through the mentioned interpretive method one can have a novel comprehension of the Koran which is different from other methods. This profound comprehension, emphasizing the core of the Koran and relations, the objective and purpose of the Koran, follows the unfathomable guidance resulted from the verses and the relations. Accordingly, understanding the Koran is not merely the outcome of the mental activity, nor is obtained only through knowledgeable instruments including conjugation and literature, and the like. These kinds of sciences are adequate to only achieve the superficial and the outer cover of the Koran. Understanding the profound meanings of the Koran and the gist of science, and the monotheism of the Almighty necessitates the existing and intuitive understanding of the Almighty and going through spiritual journey through sharia austerity and pure praying. Heartfelt faith is obtained merely through intuition rather than rational understanding. Once the Koranic truth enters into one's heart, the heartfelt faith and trust is achieved. Higher than the faith position is the secret intuition of the prophets.

The collection of events related to the tragic event of Ashura is in need of research and evaluation. The present article puts emphasis on the question in regard with the originality of the grave belonging toHorr Ibn e- Yazid e- Riyahi (56 After Hijrah) and it investigates two viewpoints in this regard. According to Some historical reports, Horr’s pure body was buried in a place famous for Horr’s grave by his tribe after Ashura event and the exhumation of the grave by Shah Ismail (930 After Hijrah) as well as the people’s pilgrimage are the evidence for the truth of their claim. Another viewpoint is that. his pure body was buried in a collective grave with other martyrs in Rozeh Hosseini. Relying on the descriptive-analytical research method and referring to the reliable ancient sources, this research concludes that Horr has been buried with other martyrs in a collective grave named Rotheh Hosseini

Mines as an important sector of economy has a basic role in the supply chain of most economical sectors. The analysis of quality and quantity of labor force in mines is one of the necessary activities for efficient management. This paper describes the relationship between qualitative properties with labor wage and productivity indexes of Iran mines labor force. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative properties of labor forces have been evaluated in the period of 1994-2003 based on the experience, education, research and development, training and skills. The quantitative properties of labor force include labor wage and labor productivity. In the next step, relationships between qualitative and quantitative have been evaluated with Eviews software based on information of 8 provinces of Iran. Results show the effects of knowledge level and labor force wage on the labor force productivity. In addition, the skill level has no effect on the mine labor force wages.

This paper is in fact an analytic-historical report from veil situation before and after the Islamic Revolution. So, at first it will glance at veil situation before Revolution (the last years of Muhammadreza Shah's government) and Pahlawi regime's efforts to destroy veil. Then, explaining the relation between the Revolution and veil, it gives some evidences that one of the reasons of the people to oppose the past regime was Shah's opposition to genuine religious values including veil. To continue, by referring to currents opposing veil after Islamic Revolution, the article explains the efforts of foreigner oppositions to confront veil and, in parallel, war role in strengthening veil along with vast presence of veiled women in various social scenes.