فهرست مطالب reza salman yazdi

Inflammatory responses within the peritoneal cavity may result in endometrial dysfunction in women with endometriosis. The true causes of this disease remain poorly understood. It is hypothesized that downstream toll-like receptors (TLRs) inflammatory cytokines in response to pathogens may be associated with endometriosis. So, this study was aimed at evaluating the expression of TLRs signaling and endometriosis-associated inflammatory responses.

Totally, 20 infertile endometriosis patients and 20 normal women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation were enrolled. The cellular pellet and supernatant were obtained by centrifugation of follicular fluid (FF). Evaluation of TLRs and their signaling pathway gene expression was performed on cellular pellets using quantitative-PCR. The supernatant was used for determination of cytokine protein expression by ELISA. The results are expressed as mean±SEM and a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Quantitative-PCR analysis suggested that TLR1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, MYD88, NF-ĸB, IL-10 and TGF-β genes expression significantly increased in patients compared to the control group (p<0.05). TLR3, 9, INF-β genes expression was significantly lower in endometriosis than control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TIRAP, TRIF, TRAM, and IRF3 between two groups. Also, significant increase in the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and MIF protein in FF of endometriosis group was detected in comparison with normal women (p<0.05).

The expression of TLR downstream signaling in the follicular cells can initiate inflammatory responses and changes in the FF cytokine profile which in turn may induce endometriosis and infertility disorder.

Genital Mycoplasma infections can have a negative effect on men's reproductive health and lead to infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma huminis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in semen samples of infertile men using culture and molecular techniques and comparison the sensitivity and specifity of these methods. This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study carried out on infertile men referred to the Royan Institute of Infertility Treatment Center. The Rapid Test was done using the Mycofast Rapid kit (ELItech, France). DNA extraction from semen was achieved, and then PCR test was performed by the IFG kit (Iranian technology gene). PCR products were transferred to agarose gel 1.5% and electrophoresed. The bands created were transferred to the photographic device and the result was observed. In this study, 147 samples of leukocytospermia were detected in M.hominis and U.urealyticum .Thirty seven samples (25.2%) were positive for U.urealyticum positive in the culture method, and positive samples were positive for M. huminisis Of 147 samples, 28 samples (19 Percent) was positive for U.urealyticum and 13 samples (8.8%) were positive for M.hominis. Considering that Iranian kits were used for PCR in the present study and there was no significant difference in M.hominis, it is believed that the Iranian PCR kit has a problem or to prove this French method and replace this method with rapid molecular culture with the method Hard and costly PCRs need more examples to prove this technique.

Viral hepatitis is one of the health problems which have the effects on the health issues. It seems that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have negative impacts on the semen quality and male infertility rate.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of HBV and HCV on sperm quality among Iranian infertile men referred to Royan Institute Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center between 2003 and 2014.

This retrospective case-control study included 112 HBV positive infertile men and 47 HCV positive infertile men as case group and 112 HBV negative and HCV negative matched infertile men as a control group. All semen analysis and viral parameters assessment was performed in the central laboratory with the same method and instruments.

Sperm count among infertile men with HBV and HCV infection was significantly lower than control group [the mean of the total sperm count 100.95 ± 118.59, 118.22 ± 141.18, 166.27 ± 151.25 (p < 0.001)]. Sperm motility was significantly decreased in HBV and HCV positive men in comparison to the control group [30.97 ± 25.88, 31.09 ± 28.72, 40.87 ± 23.37, respectively (p < 0.007)]. The percentage of normal sperm morphology was significantly higher in control group in comparison to HBV and HCV infected group [the mean of the normal semen morphology 3.23 ± 3.27, 3.70 ± 3.83, 4.51 ± 3.15 p< 0.015]. Although there is a significant decline in liquefaction time in the case group but the viscosity, semen volume, and PH of semen samples were similar in the both case and control groups.

Our results suggest that HBV and HCV infection are associated with poor sperm quality.

Viral hepatitis is one of common infectious diseases and known as health problem around the world. Present cross-sectional study was performed to determine the association between HBeAg and HBV-DNA in patients who referred to Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine and Amiralmomenin Hospital (Islamic Azad University) between 2012 and 2015. In this cross-sectional study, 222 patients were assessed and their HBe-Ag and HBV-DNA were analyzed by serological and molecular assays to determine the association between HBeAg and HBV-DNA for infectivity of infection. The results were gathered and recorded in the study checklist. 222 chronic HBsAg positive carriers, including 74 (33.2%) female and 148 (66.8%) male were studied. Of studied population, 10(6.8%) HBeAg positive, 108 (75.5%) HBeAb positive and 94 (42.34%) HBV DNA were detected. Level of detectable HBV-DNA was significantly higher in patients with HBeAg positive in compare with patients with negative HBe Ag (, P<0.001). According to study findings, there is clinical association between HBe Ag positive and HBV-DNA level and we can use HBeAg for assessing the infectivity of HBV infection.

The role of the screening protocol for viral hepatitis and human immuunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among infertile couples were seldom investigated.

The present study was performed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infections among infertile couples referring to infertility clinic of Royan Institute.

This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 21673 infertile couples referring to infertility clinic of Royan Institute between 2009 and 2014. Serological findings for viral hepatitis B, C and HIV infection were gathered herewith demographic data of the study participants through the study checklist. Ultimately, 302 couples who had at least one positive result in their serological tests were included in the statistical analysis.

The HBV and HCV infections prevalence among study participants were 0.57% and 0.148% respectively; only two cases had HIV infection. HBV and HCV infections prevalence had significant association with the gender of participants, but there was no significant relationship between these infections and infertility types.

Viral hepatitis infections screening among infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques needs more attention

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of varicocelectomy on serum testoster- one levels and semen quality in infertile men who suffer from varicocele.
This prospective study enrolled 115 subjects with clinical varicocele grades II and III and 240 fertile men as the control group. Total volume of testosterone serum level (ng/dl) and semen quality were com- pared before and after microscopic varicocelectomy. We normalized testosterone serum levels for age, grade, and testis size basis. SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. All results of continuous variables were reported as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was set at a P The mean ages of individuals who participated in the treatment (32.2 ± 5.23) and control (32.8 ± 5.27) groups were similar. There were similar mean values for adjusted testosterone levels between the varicocele (567 ± 222 ng/ml) and control (583 ± 263 ng/ml) groups. In the varicocele group, the adjusted testosterone levels insig- nificantly increased to 594 ± 243 ng/ml. Among semen parameters, only mean sperm concentration significantly increased after varicocelectomy.
Despite increases in sperm concentration, adjusted testosterone levels did not significantly improve after varicocelectomy.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) with damaging effects on sperm quality parameters can often cause infertility in men.
The main objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) for screening and detecting CT in semen samples of infertile men.
In this cross-sectional study, 465 men referring to the clinical laboratory of Royan Institute were chosen for primary screening and detection of the presence of CT. 93 samples were normozoospermia with normal sperm parameters i.e. sperm number, motility and morphology (Asymptomatic) and 372 had abnormal sperm parameters (Symptomatic) in semen analysis. ELISA test was performed as the screening test. Samples with optical density (OD) >0.200 were selected as the case and asymptomatic samples with OD In the case groups (n=62), 4 out of 32 symptomatic samples (12.5%), and 1 out of 30 asymptomatic samples (3.3%) revealed positive results in PCR. No PCR positive sample was observed in the control group (n=34). The final results revealed that considering OD >0.400 as the ELISA positive, the diagnostic value of CT-ELISA positive in symptomatic and asymptomatic infertile patients were 0.019 (7 of 372) and 0.021 (2 of 93), respectively. There was no relationship between the presence of CT infection and different sperm abnormalities.
The anti-CT IgA ELISA test may be introduced as an appropriate tool for screening purpose in the seminal plasma to select suspicious samples for PCR confirmatory tests.

Infertility is a common human disorder which is defined as the failure to conceive for a period of 12 months without contraception. Many studies have shown that the outcome of fertility could be affected by DNA damage. We attempted to examine the association of two SNPs (rs1127354 and rs7270101) in ITPA, a gene encoding a key factor in the repair system, with susceptibility to infertility.
This was a case-control study of individuals with established infertility. Blood samples were obtained from 164 infertile patients and 180 ethnically matched fertile controls. Total genomic DNA were extracted from whole blood using the standard salting out method, and stored at -20˚C. Genotyping were based on mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in which PCR products were digested with the XmnI restriction enzyme and run on a 12% polyacrylamide gel.
All genotype frequencies in the control group were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A significant association (in allelic, recessive and dominant genotypic models) was observed between infertile patients and healthy controls based on rs1127354 (P=0.0001), however, no significant association was detected for rs7270101. Also, gender stratification and analysis of different genotype models did not lead to a significant association for this single- nucleotide polymorphis (SNP).
ITPA is likely to be a genetic determinant for decreased fertility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating this association, however, given the small sample size and other limitations, genotyping of this SNP is recommended to be carried out in different populations with more samples.

Although key roles for dietary vitamin E (VITE) and fatty acid (FA) in fertility have been confirmed, limited data are available on the effects of VITE alone, or a constant level of VITE supplemented by dietary omega-6 and omega-3 FAs in combination on male reproduction. Consequently in this paper, the effects of VITE, sunflower oil, fish oil and their combination on rat sperm were investigated.
We divided 50 mature male Wistar rats into 5 groups (n=10) in a experimental completely randomized design for eight weeks: i. Control (CTR): standard diet; ii. Vitamin E diet (VITE): 2 times greater than recommendations; iii. Sunflower oil group (n-6) [gavaged with 0.5 ml/day/rat sunflower oil咄 diet]; iv. Fish oil group (n-3): [gavaged with 0.5 ml/day/rat fish oil咄 diet] and v. n-36 group [gavaged with 0.3 ml fish oil/day/rat.2 ml sunflower oil/day/rat咄 diet]. The sperm parameters were measured by computer assisted semen analyzer (CASA). All data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Feed intake decreased in groups which were administered sunflower oil compared with the other groups (P Dietary VITE and fish oil咄 can improve sperm quality. Our findings can be a focus for improvements in sperm quantity and motility in fertile animals using only dietary VITE.

Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, regulates dynamic physiological adaptations that occur in seasonally breeding mammals as a response to changes in daylight hours. Because of the presence of melatonin in semen and the membrane melatonin receptor in spermatozoa, the impact of melatonin on the regulation of male infertility is still questionable. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous melatonin on human semen parameters (sperm concentration, motility and normal morphology), DNA fragmentation (DF) and nuclear maturity. In this clinical prospective study, semen samples from 75 infertile men were routinely analyzed and assessed for melatonin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colorimetric assay kits, respectively. DF was examined by the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test. Acidic aniline blue staining was used to detect chromatin defects in the sperm nuclei. There was no significant correlation between seminal plasma melatonin and TAC with sperm parameters and nuclear maturity. However, we observed a positive significant correlation between DF and melatonin level (r=0.273, P<0.05). Melatonin in seminal plasma is positively correlated with damaged sperm DNA of infertile patients. The mechanism of this phenomenon needs further study.

Varicocele is recognized as the most common cause of male factor infertility and is found in 15% of the general population. This prevalence increases to 35% in men presenting with primary infertility and between 70 to 80% in men presenting with secondary infertility. The effect of varicocele on Leydig cell function and testosterone production has been always a question. In this study we examined the effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone. This research protocol was approved by the institutional review board at Royan Institute in infertility department and also this study has been done in Royan Institute (Tehran، Iran) during one year since September 2012 till October 2013. In this cross-sectional study، Serum levels of total testosterone in 79 men with clinical varicocele and in 70 fertile men who served as a control group were compared. Men aged 23–46 years with clinically palpable varicoceles as determined by physical examination were studied. Three to 6 months، testosterone levels were measured again after varicocelectomy، then testosterone levels were compared before and after varicocelectomy. The mean of serum testosterone levels before surgery in infertile men with varicocele and fertile men were 590 (230) vs. 583 (237) ng/dl respectively. No statistically significant changes were noted in serum testosterone levels for any groups. Three month after varicocelectomy mean serum testosterone levels were significantly increased in infertile men with varicocele compared with preoperative levels from 590 (230) to 663 (242) ng/dl (P=0. 009). Also the testis volume of patients were examined، which were divided into two groups included the men with testis volume less than 16 ml (<16) and more than 16 ml (≥16). In infertile men affected with clinical varicocele، varicocelectomy seems to have caused positive impact on the level of serum testosterone increase. It is thought that positive effect is probably caused by improvement of the Leydig cell functions which induce the increase of serum testosterone level.

To determine the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum levels of stress neurohormones in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).This study was a clinical trial and was performed during July 2011(month of Ramadan) in Royan institute, Tehran. A total of 40 women who were aged 20-40 years and known cases of PCOS and had no other medical diseases were included in the study. They were divided into two groups as follows: (i) study group (n=20) who participated in Ramadan fasting and (ii) control group (n=20) who did not participate in fasting. For evaluating Ramadan’s effect on the level of neurohormones serum level of the following variables were evaluated before and after Ramadan: cortisol, adrenaline (A), noradrenalin (NA), beta-endorphin (β-End), insulin, as well as sex hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone.In the study group after Ramadan serum cortisol and nor-adrenaline levels were significantly lower than the initial levels obtained at beginning of Ramadan (p < 0.05) as compared to control group.This study indicates that Ramadan fasting decreases stress neurohormones in women with PCOS.

The majority of cancer treatments are invasive. Gonadal injuries cause reductions in fertility which results in lack of hope for conception in cancer patients and frustration for their partners. Fortunately، current advancements in cryopreservation and transplantation sciences regarding fertility preservation lead to cryostorage of gonads and preservation prior to the onset of chemo- and radiotherapy treatments. Accordingly in women، the main goal of ovarian cryopreservation is establishment of fertility and hormonal cycle restoration after auto-transplantation. Although the history of ovarian transplantation dates back to the 19th century، there are reports of live human births following ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation since the past 100 years. Despite this success and additional research in the field of ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation، numerous questions remain unanswered. Among these questions، growth factors and hormonal changes because of their effects on follicular function appear to be more important during ovarian tissue transplantation. This review attempts to address hormones and growth factor functions with the specifics of ovarian cryopreservation and auto-transplantation.

In recent years using some methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation has increased the rate of success in cancer treatment, however, cancer is taking more victims every day throughout the world. According to the Natinal Cancer Institute of Iran, about 62040 cases were diagnosed with cancer in Iran during 2007of whom 44.19% were female. Usually, invasive therapeutic methods lead to gonadal damage and infertility. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is suggested as the only way for saving the sex cells and fertility amongst prepubertal girls and women involved in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, genetic disorders or other specific diseases. The main goal of ovarian cryopreservation is to reinstate the tissue in order to restore fertility and hormonal cycle. Ovarian tissue transplants dates back to early twentieth century, but it took more than 100 years to have successful human birth following ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation. Nevertheless, many questions still exist which need to be dealt with.

Ramadan fasting is a religious practice and an exceptional ritual compared to all other religious conventions. The aim of fasting in Ramadan is to establish a proper religious model of self-control and healthy lifestyle.. The purpose of this study was to compare the biochemical neurohormones between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without fasting.. This study was conducted during July 2011 at the Infertility Center of Royan Institute, and comprised 40 patients diagnosed with PCOS, aged from 20-40 years without any special disease. The study group included 20 women with PCOS and fasting during Ramadan. The control group consisted of 20 non-fasting women with PCOS. The study on the effects of fasting on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome involved demographic data and biochemical stress hormones including cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, beta-endorphin and insulin.. In patients with PCOS, mean of cortisol in subjects with and without fasting were 8.2 ± 4.4 and 11.2 ± 4.7, respectively (P = 0.049). Also the respective median of nor-adrenaline in fasting and non-fasting patients were 1273.5 and 1503.5 (P = 0.047). However, no significant differences were found in adrenalin (P = 0.151), beta-endorphin (P = 0.543) and insulin (P = 0.818) between PCOS two groups.. This study showed that Ramadan fasting is a well known practice to reduce stress hormones in women with PCOS. So, Ramadan, beside its spiritual benefit is a blessing from God for improving human lifestyle..

Infertility can be a major concern for couples trying to conceive, and occupational hazards may constitute a main cause of infertility in men. Studies conducted throughout the world indicate that physical and chemical hazards in the workplace can have a negative impact on male fertility. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of occupational categories of men who attended an infertility clinic, and to evaluate the differences in the semen quality parameters among occupational categories. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1164 males who were referred to the Infertility Research Center in Tehran for treatment of infertility in order to evaluate the effects of certain occupations on infertility. The participants were divided into several categories according to their occupations and evaluated by means of a questionnaire for duration of infertility, BMI, sperm count, percentage of normal sperm morphology and percentages of sperm with class A and class B motilities. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and correlations were conducted using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean sperm count or sperm morphology between occupational categories. Assessment of the differences in the frequency of sperm motility classes between occupational categories revealed a significant difference only in the frequency of sperm with class B motility. The lowest mean percentages of sperm with class B motility were seen in those involved in the transportation industry, a finding in agreement with a number of other researches. Our findings revealed an association between occupation and sperm motility. Since our study population was relatively small and in many cases exposures to work hazards were brief, a larger study group must be evaluated in order to support the preliminary results of this study.

Infertility is one of the most common and important subjects in today’s obstetrics and gynecology. Immunological factors such as the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) are challenging etiologies for infertility. This study was performed to determine the correlation between the type of sexual practices (oral‚ anal and vaginal during menstruation) and the ASA levels in semen and in the sexual partners’ serum.

In this analytic cross sectional study which was performed in Royan Institute between 2005-2007‚ the type of sexual behaviours was determined in 51 couples with primary or secondary infertility. The ASA level was determined in both sexual partners’ blood serum and in the semen‚ using the Sperm Mar Test kit.

Using statistical analyses‚ there was no significant difference between the types of sexual practices (anal‚ oral‚ vaginal during menstruation) and the prevalence and level of ASA.

Based on the results of this study, the prevalence and level of ASA has no significant correlation with the types of sexual behaviours (anal‚ oral‚ vaginal during menstruation).

To evaluate the possible association between phthalate esters (PEs) and the occurrence of endometriosis. Blood samples were collected from 99 infertile women with endometriosis (study group); 135 age-matched women without endometriosis (control group) but with infertility related to tubal defects, fibroids, polycystic ovaries, idiopathic infertility and pelvic inflammatory diseases diagnosed by laparoscopy with no evidence of endometriosis or other gynecological disorders during laparoscopic sterilization. This is a prospective case-control study, which recruited women undergoing infertility treatment at three collaborating centers (BMMHRC: Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Hospital and Research Centre, MHRT: Maternal Health and Research Trust, and Owaisi Hospital and Research Center) of Reproductive Medicine Hyderabad, which receives cases from all over the region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The concentrations of Phthalate Esters were measured by using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Evaluation of Phthalate Esters concentrations in women with endometriosis compared with women who are free from the disease. Women with endometriosis showed significantly higher concentrations of Phthalate esters (Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP)) compared with control group. We found that (38%) of the cases with endometriosis and (21%) of the control group. The correlation between the concentrations of Phthalate esters and different severity of endometriosis was strong and statistically significant at p<0.05 for all five compounds (DMP): r=+0.57, p<0.0001; DnBP r=+0.39, p<0.0001; BBP: r=+0.89, p<0.0001; DnOP: r=+0.66, p<0.0001 and BEHP: r=+0.33, p<0.0014. This study for the first time from Indian subcontinent demonstrates that possibly Phthalate Esters might have a role in etiology of endometriosis.

Despite the long-standing association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with delayed-type hypersensitivity response, the potential role of MIF in chronic allograft nephropathy is unknown. The association between upregulation of MIF expression, macrophage and T cell infiltration and the severity of chronic allograft nephropathy suggests that MIF may be an important mediator in the process of chronic allograft nephropathy. Therefore, the aims of this study were to measure urine concentration of MIF after renal transplantation, and to determine if it increases with time. In this prospective cross-sectional study twenty-two pediatric patients (case, group A) who received kidney transplants between 1999 and 2006, and forty healthy children (control, group B) were recruited. Urine MIF and creatinine were assessed in all patients. Urine MIF concentrations were quantitated by ELISA. The mean ratios of urine MIF/Creatinine (Cr) were calculated as 5.046(SEM=2.04) pg/μmol creatinine in transplanted-kidney patients (group A) and 1.85(SEM=0.35) pg/μmol creatinine in healthy individuals (group B). Agood significant correlation was seen between urine MIF/Cr ratio and time after kidney transplantation in recipients (P=0.002, rSpearman = +0.633). This study shows significant correlation between urine MIF/Cr ratio and time passed after transplantation. Increasing MIF/Cr ratios were seen in patients with a longer post transplantation period. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the role of macrophages in chronic renal nephropathy especially chronic rejection with additive studies and then study the effect of anti-MIF antibodies in the treatment of this condition.

Approximately 2-4% of all women have recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the cause is determined in only 50% of cases. Recent studies have shown an association between thyroid autoantibodies as a sign of thyroid autoimmunity and abortion. The aim of the present study was to determine whether circulating anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) was associated with RSA. In this observational analytic study, Sera from 58 non-pregnant women with a history of RSA and also 58 healthy, fertile subjects with at least one live birth as control (Aging from 18 to 45 years) were tested for thyroid peroxidase antibodies by means of a standard Anti-TPO ELISA kit. We used data collection forms and SPSS software for data analysis. Of 116 women, 8 (13.8%) of the control subjects and 12 (20.7%) of the women with a history of RSA had positive results for anti-TPO. There was not any significant association between presence of anti-TPO and RSA We did not find any correlation between the presence of TPO antibodies and abortion in women with a history of RSA. On the basis of this study, testing for anti-TPO doesn’t seem to be useful in the evaluation of patients with a history of RSA.