فهرست مطالب robabeh mazinani

The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Social Distance and Dangerousness scales used for studying stigma of severe mental illnesses.
In a cross sectional study, Social Distance and Dangerousness scales were administered to 200 mental health workers of Razi Psychiatry Hospital who were selected through random sampling procedure. The reliability of the scales was assessed through internal consistency and test-retest procedures. The content and construct validity were also assessed.
Cronbach’s alpha for the Social Distance and Dangerousness scales were 0.92 and 0.96, respectively. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the two scales were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. The content validity coefficients of the scales were 0.75 and 0.77. Factor analysis of each scale yielded one factor. The social rejection factor accounted for 76% of the Social Distance scale and the dangerousness factor accounted for 74% of the Dangerousness scale.
The results indicate that the Persian version of the Social Distance and Dangerousness scales have satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to measure the stigma of severe mental illness in Iran.

In the present study, we investigated the attitude of psychiatrists who graduated in 2002-2009 towards Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and conventional clinical interview examination (Individual Patient Assessment). We studied 134 psychiatrists graduated; half of whom were examined with conventional clinical interview and the others with OSCE. A questionnaire was prepared by a specialist workgroup to assess the participants’ attitude towards the exams. The questionnaire was initially examined in a pilot study. The findings of the questionnaire were used to assess the graduates’ attitude towards each examination, as well as to compare the examinations. The OSCE group indicated a significantly more positive attitude compared to the conventional group (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the OSCE group believed the role of theoretical knowledge (p = 0.01) and pre-test practice (p = 0.03) to be significantly greater for success compared to the other group. The structure of OSCE was reported to be superior to conventional examination in terms of fairness and homogeneity (p = 0.004). First participation in exam (p = 0.04) and ultimate success in the exam (p = 0.009) were predictors of graduates’ attitude.Based on examinees ’attitudes, OSCE may be a more appropriate choice for graduation examinations of psychiatry compared to the conventional clinical interview examination.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of topiramate in weight gain control in bipolar patients receiving lithium carbonate and antipsychotics during their manic episode. In current randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial, 46 patients with bipolar disorder in their manic episode were divided into two intervention and control groups. Both groups were treated with lithium and antipsychotics. Besides, the intervention group received topiramate and the control group received placebo. The maximum topiramate dose was 200 mg/day. The patients’ weights were assessed initially and afterwards weekly for eight weeks. Patients were evaluated using Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and analysis was done by chi-square and repeated measures analysis of variance. There was no statistically difference between the mean of weights in two groups at the beginning and end of the investigation (p=0.948 and p=0.254, respectively) and comparing to the beginning, there was no difference between the two groups’ weights during eight weeks of observation. Adjunctive treatment using topiramate (200 mg/day) was ineffective in weight gain control in manic patients receiving lithium and antipsychotics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive topiramate in treating acute mania. In this study which was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 46 bipolar patients in manic episode, were treated with lithium carbonate and topiramate versus lithium carbonate and placebo and treatment responses were assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) weekly. In both intervention and control groups, YMRS score had significant decline after 8 weeks (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.419). The highest score decline was after two weeks. YMRS score at baseline did not have statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.709). This study failed to show antimanic efficacy of adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of those with acute manic

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and their related factors in women referring to health clinics in Tehran. The study was performed as a descriptive analytic study. For this purpose، 405 married women were selected from 4 clinics of four geographic areas (north، south، west and east) in Tehran city (30 people from each center) through randomized and multistage sampling. The assessment was done by using demographic questionnaire and Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ). The research data were analyzed by independent t-test and one-way ANOVA and correlation test. The results of data analysis showed general prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women were 31%، so that the prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire was 33%، the prevalence of sexual arousal disorder was 16. 5%. The prevalence of orgasmic disorder was 25% and the prevalence of painful sexual disorder (dyspareunia) was 45. 5%. The assessment of related factors showed that age of women، duration of marriage، positive history of psychiatric disorders and using psychotropic medication and also history of sexual abuse had significant correlation with sexual dysfunction.

The present research investigates the efficacy of Group Cognitive-Remediation Therapy (GCRT) in decreasing clinical symptoms and enhancing cognitive performance among patients with schizophrenia. Forty subjects were randomly selected from inpatients with at Razi Psychiatry Schizophrenia Hospital, and were assigned to one experimental and one control group, each one comprising 20 subjects. Both groups received drug therapy, and the experimental group received 16 sessions of GCRT in addition. Subjects were examined before, during and after intervention, using measures for assessing positive and negative symptoms, neuro-behavioral and cognitive examination, and nurse observation. Data were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures. GCRT had decreased positive and negative symptoms in patients in the experimental group, and enhanced their cognitive performance. However, it had no effect on behavioral performance. Treatment of patients with schizophrenia requires a multifaceted program, which takes cognitive disorders into consideration. GCRT, which is based upon the Iranian socio-cultural situation, could be effective for improving cognitive disorders and decreasing clinical symptoms.

Personality characteristics have an effective role in tendency toward substance abuse related disorders. Novelty seeking also has a specific role in vulnerability of substance abuse. The main aim of this study was the exact assessment of relationship between opioid abuse and / or dependence with in novelty seeking. This analytical and cross-sectional study was done on 100 subjects who referred to two drug abuse therapeutic centers in Tehran, Iran. Research samples considered of persons with opioid abuse and dependence based on DSM IV–TR diagnostic criteria. Control group considered persons without any substance related disorders. First, all of the subjects fulfilled demographic questionnaires and were interviewed by Semi structured Interview for Substance Related Disorders based on DSM IV–TR, and then Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckermann) Questionnaire. The mean score for novelty seeking in subjects with opioid abuse and dependence was higher than control group (15.31 against 9.89). Their diference was significant (P<0.05).There was a negative and significant relationship between the age of onset of substance abuse and novelty seeking (P<0/05). Also there was a significant relation between intravenous drug use and higher scores of novelty seeking. Regarding the relationship between substances related disorders and novelty seeking component, respecting the measurability of a reliable and practical psychological test, one can easily screen higher-risk factors in adolescents and perform a quicker primary prevention measures among such groups.

Lithium preparations have been used in bipolar mood disorders since 19th Century. Lethal toxic effect of lithium due to it's narrow (therapeutic) index had been known from several years ago and is the most problem when is prescribed. Serum level of lithium is accepted for monitoring of toxicity, but frequency of blood testing especially in stabilizing period is stressful for patients, also it is difficult in such psychiatric patients especially in children. Many researchers worked to find a less aggressive method. One of these methods is monitoring based on salivary lithium concentration, which is controversy according to this review articles. All papers from 1949 till now are reviewed in this article and revealed this controversy. According to this review article, three ways are being suggested to solve this problem 1- Stimulation of salivary – serum ratio of lithium based on tree separated paired tests 2- Improving methods and techniques of testing. 3- Modifying of this ratio based on natural markers.

The main purpose of this study was the assay of language disorders in paranoid and non – paranoid long-stay Schizophrenic patients in Razi Psychiatric Center. Language disorders in 40 Schizophrenic Patients who were divided in 2 groups (paranoid and non – paranoid No: 20) male and female and studied by using Farsi Aphasia Test. All of the subjects were matched on the basis of gender, age, education, duration of illness and length of stay in hospital. The evaluated language skills were composed of Spontaneus Verbal Fluency, Descriptive Verbal Fluency, Quality of Spontaneus Speech, Quality of Descriptive Speech, Listening Comprehension, Oral Reading (Expression), Written Comprehension, Writing, (words), Repetition and Number of Words. Data were analysed by using of SPSS windows analysis. show a global reduction in scores of skills compared with normal subjects and the most reduction is seen in Quality of Descriptive Speech, Fluency of Descriptive speech and Number of Words Skills. Paranoid patients versus non paranoids show significant differences in Fluency of Descriptive Speech, Listening Comprehension, Oral Reading and Number of Words, and global score of the test. among demographic variants, only educational situation has significant relevance with some items of the test.