roghaye farhadi hassankiadeh

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the overall congenital heart disease (CHD) prevalence in live births and children in Iran, along with evaluating the spatial distribution of CHD birth prevalence across various geographical regions within the country. 

A Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis (PROSPERO 2022: CRD42022331281) was performed to determine the pooled prevalence. A systematic search was conducted using Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran until October 4, 2023. Cross-sectional and cohort studies in both English and Persian languages, focusing on the age range of 0-10 years, were considered for the study population. The study quality was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Risk of Bias tool. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and τ2 statistics, and publication bias by Egger’s and Begg’s tests.

  The meta-analysis included 62 studies, revealing an overall CHD prevalence of 2.5 per 1000 births. Over time, CHD birth prevalence in Iran has consistently increased. Spatial distribution analysis, including spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, indicated no spatial clustering (P = .46) or aggregation (P = .65) among Iran’s provinces. Geographic disparities were significant (P = .000), with the northern and eastern regions showing the highest and lowest CHD prevalence, respectively. 

The overall CHD prevalence in Iran is lower than global rates, but it continues to rise. Furthermore, there are variations in birth prevalence among different regions of Iran. Environmental, genetic, socioeconomic, and diagnostic accessibility differences are possibly involved in regional variation. The limitations like heterogeneity among studies, the potential inaccuracy of reports due to limited use of accurate diagnostic methods in some studies, and the absence of population-based models to investigate prevalence, underscore the urgent need for standardized diagnostic approaches, and the utilization of population-wide birth defect registries to accurately assess CHD prevalence in Iran.

spirituality is an important concept among human societies, and the relation of this concept to other human characteristics is important for health professionals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being (SWB) and happiness among the students of health sciences in Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS).

This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study carried out among 322 students studying at school of health in GUMS, Iran. The Spiritual well-being scale and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used to measure SWB and happiness. Correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression model were used to assess the association of SWB and happiness.

The mean and standard deviation of SWB and happiness were 55.82±4.71 and 60.88+-12.9, respectively. Spiritual health was significantly associated with age and marital status. There was strong correlation between cognitive dimension of spiritual health and welfare dimension (r=0.92, P=0.005) and positive mood dimension (r=0.90, P=0.007) of happiness. The adjusted model for age and marital status showed that satisfaction was significantly associated with SWB (β=0.66, P=0.02)

the finding revealed a lower than mean value of happiness and SWB among students of health sciences.  Satisfaction was the most important predictor of SWB.

Although vaginal delivery is the safest type of childbirth, cesarean section (CS) without any medical indication is currently increasing in the world, especially in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of delivery and its related factors in women working in the departments of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study recruited 100 women employed in the departments of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic and reproductive details of all participants and the reason for choosing CS among women with previous CS. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used to determine the factors related to delivery type. The prevalence of cesarean section in this study was 80%. Older age at pregnancy and higher education of the respondent and her husband was significantly associated with higher rate of CS. Spouse and relative suggestion for normal delivery was associated with lower rate of CS. The main reasons for CS were women’s fear of childbirth, labor pain, and physician’s recommendation. The rate of CS delivery is very high in working women. Since concern about pain and possible damage to the body was the most important reasons of choosing CS, providing training classes, better facilitation for normal delivery and adding a special course for girls in high school education is recommended to develop a positive attitude toward normal delivery in women.

Today, the growth of high technology industry faces us to some problems like air pollution, work-related accidents and occupational diseases which make it necessary to use a HSE-MS management system in different projects. However, the implementation of this system need to spend some money and time, so because of the reduced of cost trend in some managers, they regardless of do that or do it imperfect. In this paper, the value of the flow of the investment process in the HSE-MS system in the form of fuzzy numbers, using the method of return on capital investment (IRR) method, evaluated the economics of this investment under fuzzy environments. Also, this paper describes how to calculate the cost of accidents, how to calculate the amount of investment in the HSE-MS system, introducing the IRR method, introducing the theory of fuzzy sets, how to calculate fuzzy IRR, and finally, we describe the proposed method. The calculations are analyzed using the @RISK software. As you can see, the financial process resulting from the implementation of the HSE-MS management system is both economic and financially based on the FIRR method and the use of the @RISK software and implies the need for the implementation of a safety management system from an economic point of view. In other words, the average return on capital employed in the financial process resulting from the implementation of the HSE-MS management system, according to the IRR method, is almost 22%, much higher than the average market rate of 5%, and strongly emphasizes the economic nature of this financial process. According to the findings of the recent study, Internal Rate of Return is between 14% and 18%, and is more than the market rate (7%). So it’s indicating that the investment in the aforementioned sector is very profitable and leads to returning capital over the next few years will be. In the other hand, investment in the safety, health and environmental sectors in addition to decreasing the risks of decreasing the job and thus reducing occupational accidents and job satisfaction leads to the profitability of projects.

An important feature of Poisson distribution is the equality of mean and variance. However, additional zeroes in the data may cause over-dispersion in most cases, in which zero-inflated models are recommended. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of zero-inflated models to predict hospital length of stay using real data and simulated study.
This study was conducted on patients admitted at Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran. Zero inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero inflated negative binomials (ZINB) and zero inflated generalized Poisson (ZIGP) models were fitted on patient’s length of stay. The fitted models were compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The simulated data was generated using a model with the lowest AIC. Different models were then compared using the AIC. Data analysis was performed in R statistical software.
The results of both real data and simulation study showed lower AIC for ZIGP model compared to ZIP and ZINB model.
Given the high dispersion and Zero Inflation in hospital length of stay, the zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression model is the most suitable model to predict determinants of LOS.

The effective use of limited health care resources is of prime importance. Assessing the length of stay (LOS) is especially important in organizing hospital services and health system. This study was conducted to identify predictors of LOS among patients who were admitted to a general surgical unit.

In this cross-sectional study, the sample included all patients who were admitted to the general surgical unit of Shariati hospital in 2013 (n= 334). To determine the factors affecting LOS, Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), and zero-inflated generalized Poisson (ZIGP) regression models were fitted using R software, and then the best model was selected.

Among all 334 patients, the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 45.2 (±16.47) years and 220 (65.9%) of them were male. The results revealed that based on ZIGP model, type of surgery (appendicitis, abdomen and its contents, hemorrhoids, lung, and skin), type of insurance, comorbid diseases (hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia), place of residence (local and non-local), age, and number of tests had significant effects on the LOS of GS patients.

According to the Akaike information criterion (AIC) in each fitted model, it was found that ZIGP regression model is more appropriate than ZIP and ZINB regression models in assessing LOS in GS patients, especially due to the presence of excess zeros and overdispersion in count data.

Aim: Hypertension is a chronic and asymptomatic disease leading to death of at least 45% of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Self-care is important to minimize the risks and complications caused by hypertension.
This aim of the present study was to determine the predictive power of constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension.
This was a descriptive-analytic study of cross-sectional type carried out on 125 patients over 30 years old with hypertension who referred to the rural health centers in Rasht city. Sampling was done in multi-stage form, and the patients were selected randomly. To collect data, a valid and reliable questionnaire containing demographic information and questions of constructs of the HBM and self-care behaviors was used.
Findings: Based on Pearson’s correlation analysis, a significant and negative relationship was observed between self-care behaviors and construct of perceived barriers. Also there was a significant and positive relationship between self-care behaviors and the construct of cues to action. Based on linear regression analysis, the HBM could predict 19% of variance of self-care behaviors by two constructs of perceived barriers (B=0.22, SE=0.04, P=0.01) and cues to action (B=0.19, SE=0.06, P=0.02).
According to the predictive power of the HBM and the role of constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action in self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension, it is needed to focus on educational interventions based on this model to reduce the perceived barriers and influencing the cues to action.