فهرست مطالب roghayeh hemmati

The effects of different doses of garlic supplementation on coagulation times after an acute endurance exercise are likely to be varied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of garlic supplementation on partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) after an acute endurance exercise in young athletic men.

Fifteen healthy young active men in the competition stage (age 27.0±7.9 years; weight 73.9±6.4 kg; and VO2max 49.59±0.35 ml/kg/min) with at least three years of experience of regular exercise in 5000 m endurance running voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects took different doses of garlic (500,750 and 1000 mg) and starch (placebo) in four separate sessions. In each session, four hours after taking the supplement or placebo, the subjects performed 30 min of running on treadmill at the intensity of 65-85% of target heart rate. Three blood samples were taken before supplementation, before exercise and immediately after exercise. The repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to analyze the difference between different doses of garlic after acute endurance exercise and the difference between each doses of garlic and placebo at p<0.05.

Three dosage of 500, 750 and 1000 mg garlic were significantly increased aPTT. However, after acute endurance exercise, the three dosages of garlic significantly decreased aPTT. Additionally, the aPTT was significantly more decreased with 500 mg compared to 1000 mg of garlic after acute endurance exercise. There were no significant difference in PT after acute endurance exercise between three different dosage of garlic.

It seems that after an acute endurance exercise in active men, 500 mg of garlic is more effective dose for reducing aPTT.

Background and Purpose:

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by several species of Aspergillus on a wide range of food products, is a serious agricultural and medical threat. It is classified as a class one carcinogen, due to carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive effects. Use of natural compounds that are able to prevent aflatoxin production, can be an alternative strategy to limit food and feed contamination in line with sustainable agriculture.
 

Based on Persian traditional medicine resources, this study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Heracleum persicum and Peganum harmala extracts on fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 production. In addition, we used LC-MS analysis and analyzed some key genes that are involved in the AFB1-producing gene cluster (aflM, aflP and aflR), to investigate the inhibition mechanisms of fungal growth and AFB1 by the herbal extracts, at the molecular and transcriptional level.

In this study we showed that the extracts of H. persicum and P. harmala at concentrations of 4 and 6 mg/mL exhibited a 100% inhibitory effect on aflatoxin B1 production despite incomplete inhibition of fungal growth. The results of this study showed that addition of 4 mg/mL of Heracleum persicum extract in the YES culture medium of A. flavus leads to almost complete inhibition of aflM, aflP gene expression.

To summarize, the decrease in aflatoxin biosynthesis by H. persicum and P. harmala extracts can be due to decreased expression level of the associated gene cluster. Among the investigated genes, we found that the aflP gene is likely more involved in aflatoxin inhibition and probably plays a more critical role. Overall, this study reveals the anti-aflatoxigenic mechanisms of the selected plant extracts at the gene expression level and provides evidence for their use in food, feed and medicinal plants that are prone to this contamination.

In the present study in order to increase the nutritional and quality values of Lavash, quinoa flour was used to prepare Lactobacillus plantarum sourdough. The quinoa and wheat sourdough samples then compared in terms of bacterial growth rate, total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The effect of 10– 40 % of quinoa sourdough on sensory properties of bread was also, evaluated. Finally, the best sample obtained from sensory evaluation (containing 25% quinoa sourdough) compared with control samples 1 and 2, prepared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 25% wheat sourdough, respectively, in terms of sensory and qualitative characteristics. The results showed the application of quinoa flour in sourdough preparation increased the growth rate of Lactobacillus plantarum compared to wheat flour sourdough. Evaluation of total phenol content and antioxidant activity of wheat and quinoa dough samples before and after fermentation showed quinoa dough has the higher amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity and fermentation process induced to significant increase of mentioned characteristics of dough samples. The results of evaluation the effect of quinoa sourdough on sensory properties of bread showed the sample contains 25% quinoa sourdough had the highest sensory scores compared to control 1 and 2. Evaluation of hardness, staling and moisture content showed no significant difference among the bread prepared with quinoa sourdough and control 1. The results of crust color evaluation of the bread samples showed the addition of quinoa sourdough to bread formulation significantly decreased the amount of 𝐿 ∗ and 𝑏 ∗ parameters but, increased the 𝑎 ∗ value

The effect of acute endurance exercise after different garlic doses on coagulation factors and blood pressure are not clear. The aim of this study was  to assess the effect of an acute endurance exercise after three garlic doses and acute endurance exercise on factor VIII, fibrinogen and systolic and diastolic pressure in young athletic men.

Fifteen runners (age 27.0±7.9 years; weight 73.9±6.4kg, height 175.3±4.3 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects took garlic doses (500, 750 and 1000 mg) and placebo in separate sessions. In each session, 4 hour after the supplement or placebo, subjects performed 30 min running on treadmill, 65-85% target heart rate. Blood samples were taken before supplementation, before and immediately after exercise. The difference between doses of garlic after acute endurance exercise were analyzed with ANOVA-repeated measure and Bonferroni. The difference between garlic doses and placebo were analyzed with dependent t-test.

An acute endurance exercise after three dosages significantly increased FVIII, fibrinogen and systolic blood pressure (P˂0.05). The increase of FVIII and Fibrinogen after 500 mg compared to 1000 mg of garlic and an acute endurance exercise was significantly more decreased (P˂0.05). However, an acute endurance training with 1000 mg compared to 500 mg of garlic significantly lower increased systolic blood pressure (P˂0.05). There were no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure after acute endurance exercise and garlic (P>0.05).

Dose of 500 mg compared to 1000 mg of garlic after an acute endurance exercise is the most effective dose for reducing FVIII and fibrinogen. After an acute endurance exercise, 1000 mg compared to 500 mg of garlic is the most effective dose for reducing systolic blood pressure.

Bean root rot caused by soil pathogenic fungus, F.solani f.sp. phaseoli, is considered as one of the most important diseases of bean in the world and in Iran. At the moment use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method of control. For this reason, the response of five cultivars and 14 lines of white beans were evaluated to Fusarium root rot. Firstly, a morphological evaluation of disease symptoms and then real time PCR quantification were performed. Based on the results of morphological evaluation the KBC43106 line and cultivar Dorsa, were found to be sensitive and tolerant, respectively. For quantitative assessment and growth trend of the pathogen in sensitive and tolerant genotypes, the bean seedlings were inoculated by 107 suspension of relevant pathogen with root dip method, then DNA was extracted from root of inoculated and control seedlings at regular sampling intervals. The gradual increase in the amount of fungal DNA of roots was quantified by Real time PCR technique and utilizing of SYBR Green system with specific primers for elongation factor 1-α gene. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the amount of pathogen DNA in the roots of susceptible and tolerant plants, so Real time PCR technique is suitable for resistance screening of bean genotypes against Fusarium root rot.

Root rot is one of the important diseases of bean in Zanjan province and two fungal pathogens، Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani are the major causal agents of this disease in the region. In this research، the inhibitory effect of N-hexane، di-ethyl-ether، chloroform and ethanol extracts of five plant species، hermel (Peganum harmala)، thyme (Thymus kotschyanus)، yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii)، pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and garlic (Allium sativum) on mycelial growth of R. solani and F. solani was studied using poisoned food technique at four levels of 100، 250، 500 and 1000 ppm with three replications. After laboratory experiments، the most effective extracts، were applied against bean root rot under green house conditions. According to the results from in vitro studies، N- hexane extract of thyme and pennyroyal (both at the level of 1000 ppm) had the most inhibitory effect against both pathogens and also caused cytoplasm granulation and leakage of intracellular compounds of hypha of both fungi. At greenhouse experiments، hexane extract of thyme and menthe not only significantly reduced the root rot percentage، but also had significant increasing effect on most plant growth parameters (P = 0. 05).

Bean root rot caused by plant pathogenic fungus، Fusarium solani، is considered one of the most important diseases of bean in the world and in Iran. Because of economic importance of bean and the lack of information on population diversity of the pathogen in Zanjan province، a research was conducted to study phenotypic، genotypic and pathogenicity variation of pathogen isolates and to assess pathogen host range among several commonly cultivated crops in the studied region. Plants with disease symptoms were sampled from 11 fields of province and totally 30 isolates of F. solani were obtained. After disease proving، host range experiment and phenotypic investigations، polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on total DNA by using RAPD and ERIC primers. The results showed no significant difference in pathogenicity of isolates، but there was phenotypic and genotypic diversity among them. Among 9 inoculated plants including wheat، alfalfa، white bean، red bean، pinto bean، sain foin، faba bean، lentils and chick pea، only wheat showed no disease symptoms. DNA fingerprinting patterns from both molecular markers demonstrated high genetic diversity of isolates on bean in Zanjan. However RAPD PCR based on using single primer (OPA 13) produced more reliable products، but grouping based on this marker was considerably consistent with grouping based on ERIC marker. There was no association between geographic regions and genetic groups. Also there was no consistency between phenotypic and genotypic diversity of isolates.