فهرست مطالب s. zahedi

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of opioidergic, nitric oxide and histaminergic pathways in pain inhibition by quercetin in mice. 85 male mice were randomly evaluated in 5 experimental phases with four groups and 5 repetitions in each group. In experiment 1, in order to investigate the analgesic effects of quercetin, the first group as a control, the second to fourth groups received levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of quercetin, respectively, and the fifth group received morphine (5 mg/kg). After determining the effective level of quercetin, the experiments of the second to fourth stages were designed and implemented. In the second experiment, experimental groups included control, injection of quercetin (150 mg/kg), naloxone (non-selective antagonist of opioid receptors, 2 mg/kg) and combined administration of quercetin (150 mg/kg) with naloxone (2 mg/kg). In third and fourth experiments, L-NAME (nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, 10 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (non-selective antagonist of histamine receptors, 4 mg/kg) were used instead of naloxone. Then the formalin test was performed by injecting it into the sole of the right foot and the duration of pain (time of licking and biting the injected foot) was measured in time periods of 0-5 minutes (first phase) and 15-30 minutes (second phase). According to the results, injection of different levels of quercetin significantly reduced pain time (P<0.05). Co-injection of naloxone or L-NAME plus quercetin significantly reduced the analgesic effects of quercetin (P<0.05). The results showed that quercetin has analgesic properties and this effect is mediated through the nitrergic and opioidergic pathways in mice.

Formulation of suitable strategies in the agricultural sector, considering the limitations of water resources, can ensure the food security of the country and reduce the country's food needs abroad. Aquatic production, as a healthy and nutritious protein source, can play an important role in employment, providing health and sustainable food security for society. In this regard, the use of modern aquaculture systems that have high productivity and less water consumption can be very valuable in achieving sustainable aquaculture. In this article, while investigating the current situation of aquaculture in the world, the amount of aquaculture production in our country will be presented. We will also discuss the role and importance of aquaculture in achieving sustainable food security. Finally, in addition to reviewing the tasks and performance of the Iranian Fisheries Organization in the sixth economic, social and cultural development program of the country, the obstacles to achieving the goals of development programs in the field of aquaculture in Iran will be discussed.