فهرست مطالب s.m. rabiee

Zinc-cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using co-precipitation method. In the present process, NPs precipitated at various pHs, then calcined at 750°C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed single phase of ZnCo ferrite phase in all of the samples. Williamson-Hall calculations showed that the strain value in the microstructure of specimen prepared at pH= 8 is equal to -7*10-4. This content for pHs of 11 and 14 increased to 10-4 and 10-3, respectively. Therefore, the highest crystallite diameter was obtained as 51.35 nm for prepared NPs at pH= 14. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed a relatively uniform distribution of particles with average size of 9.38, 50.1 and 30.7 nm for prepared powders at pHs equal to 8, 11 and 14, respectively. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements revealed that saturation magnetization (MS), anisotropic constant (K) and Bohr magneton (nB) characteristics are different at various pHs. So that, these parameters were obtained as 95.48 emu/g, 14.614*103 and 4.06, respectively for prepared powders at pH= 8, while at pH= 11 increased to 100.34 emu/g, 15.358*103 and 4.27, then changed to 81.98 emu/g, 11.712*103 and 3.49 at pH= 14. It was found different conditions of particles precipitation have a remarkable role on the properties of produced NPs.

Nano bioactive glasses are known as suitable alternatives to repair the damaged bone tissues. In this research, novel sol-gel derived bioactive glass composites were synthesized through a reduction in the common weight percent of SiO2 substituted by 15 wt% of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) at two different steps by the synthetic procedure. The morphology, crystalline structure, and functional groups of the composites were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Based on the SEM images, the step in which TNTs were added to the solution completely changed the morphology of the composite. Bioactivity tests were carried out by soaking the samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at the intervals of 14 and 28 days followed by the investigation of hydroxyapatite (HA) layer formation on the surface of the samples. According to XRD peaks at 2-theta angle of around 31 and 40 degrees, it was found that the presence of titanium dioxide nanotubes improved bioactivity after 14 days of immersion and both 58S-TNT composites were more bioactive than 58S bioglass, while 58S bioactive glass possessed more intense peaks of HA after 28 days of immersion in SBF. Furthermore, the drug loading characteristic of the prepared composites was examined and the results showed that the addition of nanotubes improved the drug loading performance of bioactive composites containing TNTs up to 70% compared to the 58S bioglass with 37% drug loading.

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) are well known for some distinctive characteristics such as high magnetic permeability and coercive force, good saturation magnetization, excellent physical, and chemical stability, which make them so attractive for magnetic storage, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, optical-magnetic equipment, radar absorbing materials (RAM), and magnetic hyperthermia applications. According to these particularities, cobalt ferrite-based core-shell nanoparticles have been reviewed focusing on hyperthermia applications. Promoting anisotropic constant and magnetic permeability, increasing the chemical and physical stability of nanoparticles, the proper distribution of particles in aquatic environments to prevent agglomeration, sedimentation, and obstruction in a specific position, as well as enhancing biocompatibility and avoiding the disadvantages, are essential for better efficiency in hyperthermia aspect. For this purpose, the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite with preferentially smaller sizes, as well as a narrower range of particle size distribution, is the primary objective of the synthesis process. Hence, it is important to identify the influence of effective parameters on the size and shape of nanoparticles, the substitution mechanisms of rare-earth elements, and changing the structure and behavior of the magnetic properties by these elements and finally, the thermal properties. Moreover, surface modifications and coating are other significant parameters in hyperthermia field that are investigated to achieve a suitable and stable distribution in aqueous media, and how they behave against the magnetic field.

In the health service system, if the recipients get familiar with the services provided and the prescribed criteria and have a positive attitude, they can help the health team improve the effectiveness of health interventions while having all the benefits provided. This study aimed to determine the level of familiarity and attitude of the covered by the Family Physician Program about its terms and requirements. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter 2016 on the population covered by the urban family physician program; participants were selected randomly by cluster sampling. In each cluster, 10 households and per household one person over 20 years were questioned. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts: individual variables and familiarity with the criteria and terms of the program, including 34 open and closed questions; its validity and reliability were confirmed.
FINDINGS: Familiarity level of 551(31.1%) was low, 695(39.3%) moderate, 523(29.6%) high. 846(56.1%) had a positive attitude and 663(43.9%) had a negative attitude toward the program terms and requirements. Eight personal and social variables at the level of familiarity and six variables were influenced at the level of attitudes. There was a significant relationship between some of the individual and social variables and the level of familiarity and attitude (P<0.05). This study showed that a large percentage of the population did not have enough familiarity and positive attitude with the urban family physician program, and some of the individual and social variables were affected.

Satisfaction of health care recipients is always considered by policy makers and implementers as an indicator of measuring the quality and determining the effectiveness of services. This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of mothers from first level of Iranian network system.
This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the incidence of maternal mortality in six provinces of Iran in 2015. Twenty-four public health centers were randomly stratified and selected. In each center, 15 to 20 mothers who were covered by prenatal care were examined. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed, interviews with mothers, and their medical records. SPSS version 17 was used for analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Of 2722 mothers participating in the study, 2187 (80.3%) were satisfied with the condition and facilities of health units and service providers and 535 (19.7%) were dissatisfied. The highest level of satisfaction in mothers was observed in the areas of behavior, complete services, training of health professionals, and adequacy of pharmaceutical products while the lowest level of satisfaction was related to the adequacy of the medical education and the distance between the health unit and home. There was a significant relationship between 16 demographic variables and maternal satisfaction (P This study showed that about one fifth of pregnant mothers are still not satisfied with the first level of network systems in Iran and many factors have an impact on their satisfaction. It is recommended to design and implement interventional programs to increase their satisfaction.

The urban family physician program was implemented in Fars and Mazandaran provinces in June 2012 to provide health services for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and improvement of quality of life. Nearly five years after the performance record, this study was conducted to assess the urban family physician program.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among the managers and administrators of the urban family physician program in all cities of Fars and Mazandaran provinces in the winter of 2016. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including two parts; the personal variables with 11 open and closed questions and the performance level of the urban family physician program with 18 questions in Likert scale with a score of one to five. The average overall performance of the five points was classified into three levels; poor (below 2.5) average (2.5 - 3.5), and good (above 3.5).
FINDINGS: Of 530 managers and administrators of the urban family physician program, 168 people (31.7%) assessed the performance of the program as weak, 295 people (55.7%) assessed it as average and 67 people (12.6%) found it to be good. The average overall performance of five points was assessed to be 2.83 ± 0.64. There was a significant relationship between the province of service, the urban population of the place of service, education, field of study, service record, place of service, and the position of managers and administrators and their judgment in assessing the performance level of the urban family physician program (p The results of the study showed that performance level of the urban family physician program was average from the viewpoint of most managers and administrators.

Pregnancy is one of the most important, critical and at the same time glorious periods in every woman's life that the male involvement plays an important role in promoting prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care and health of both mother and infant. The aim of this study was to determine the level of male involvement in these periods in Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in six provinces of Iran in 2015. Totally, 2788 mothers with a history of childbirth between 2-6 months were randomly selected for classification. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 34 individual, family and environmental questions and 17 ones were related to the male involvement based on Likert scale with the score of 1-5. Mean higher than 3.5 was considered as higher than average or sufficient involvement. The data were simultaneously collected from health records and through interviews with mothers.
FINDINGS: The mean age of 2713 mothers under study was 27.7±5.5 years. From the mothers’ point of view, the mean of men's involvement was 3.60±0.72 from at least 0.71 to at most 5.0. The minimum and maximum participations were observed in training class and dealing rationally with the mothers’ weakness and faintness (2.5±1.6) and (4.4±0.9), respectively. There was a significant relationship between men's participation and mother's occupation, husband's education, number of pregnancies and children, unwanted pregnancy, bad memories of postpartum period and the areas of maternal death (P The results showed that Iranian husband's involvement in prenatal care, childbirth and postpartum has the acceptable level.

In this study, porous titanium composites containing 5, 10 and 15 wt. % nanobioglass were fabricated by space holder sintering process. The pore morphology and phase constituents of the porous samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were determined by compression test. The porosity of the sintered samples showed an upward trend with an increase in bioglass content. As the bioglass content was increased, the compressive strength was first increased and then decreased. The results obtained in this work suggest that the fabricated porous compact with 10 wt. % bioglass with compressive strength value of about 76.7 MPa, high porosity and good biocompatibility has the potential application for bone tissue engineering.