فهرست مطالب sabzevar

Nursing occupation is an activity based on the moral and legal obligations. One of the important responsibilities of nurses is to gain knowledge and observe the laws and regulations related to their profession. The most important role of nurses is to restore health through care activities. Nurses can fulfill their tasks only when they have enough knowledge on their duties and responsibilities. One of the important tasks of nursing managers is to prepare nursing staff members and ensure the correctness of their performance for the assigned activities. Therefore, the present study was performed aiming to investigate barriers and provide solutions for performing nursing tasks. Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 120 nurses, midwives, and nursing managers working in Vasei Hospital and Emdad Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Sabzevar City, Iran. The nurses were selected through stratified random sampling method. The study instruments included demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on the organizational task description including 41 questions related to nursing and quality of life (QOL). Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The mean age and clinical experience of the study subjects were 29.11 ± 4.67 and 6.40 ± 11.30 years, respectively. Participants included 42 (35%) and 78 (65%) men and women, respectively. 62%, 33%, and 5% of the subjects were nurses, practical nurses, and managing nurses, respectively. The results showed that the inappropriateness of the number of nurses and patients and the use of newly recruited forces in the managerial dimension, shortage of in-service and retraining courses in hospitals in the educational dimension, inadequate welfare and recreational facilities and increasing wages in the motivational dimension, and the lack of necessary space and nurses' working hours in the environmental and professional dimension were the most important barriers. In order to solve problems, proposed solutions, criteria and scores, and ultimately, top solutions in each area are presented separately. In the managerial-executive field, disparity between nurses and patients has been reported as the main factor. In the professional environment, the high volume of nursing hours has been reported per week, and in the field of individuality and nursing, insufficient salary and wages of the subjects are barriers to performing nursing tasks.

Depending on the casting conditions and alloy composition, microstructure and properties of the aluminium alloys will be different. Generally Al–Ti and Al–5Ti–1B master alloys are added to the aluminium alloys for grain refinement. In recent years computer-aided cooling curve analysis (CA-CCA) has been used extensively in metal casting industry to predict microstructure constituents, grain refinement and to calculate the latent heat of solidification. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cooling rate and grain refinement on the microsructural characteristics of Al-Cu alloys by cooling curve analysis. To do this, Al-Cu alloys containing 2.2, 3.7, and 4.8 wt.% Cu were melted and solidified with 0.04, 0.19, 0.42, and 1.08 K/s cooling rates. The temperature of the samples was recorded using a K thermocouple and a data acquisition system connected to a PC. Some samples were Grain refined by Al-5Ti-1B to see the effect of grain refinement on the aforementioned properties. The stractural results show that grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing decreased by increasing of cooling rate and grain refinement. Thermal analysis results showed that, in a well refined alloy, nucleation will occur in a shorter time, and a undercooling approximately decreases to zero.

Because the partition coefficient is one of the most important parameters affecting microsegregation, the aim of this research is to experimentally analyse the partition coefficient in Al-Mg alloys. In order to experimentally measure the partition coefficient, a series of quenching experiments during solidification were carried out. For this purpose binary Al-Mg alloys containing 6.7 and 10.2 wt-% Mg were melted and solidified in a DTA furnace capable of quenching samples during solidification. Cooling rates of 0.5 and 5 K/min were used and samples were quenched from predetermined temperatures during solidification. The fractions and compositions of the phases were measured by quantitative metallography and SEM/EDX analyses, respectively. These results were used to measure the experimental partition coefficients. The resultant partition coefficients were used to model the concentration profile in the primary phase and the results were compared with equilibrium calculations and experimental profiles. The results of calculations based on the experimental partition coefficients show better consistency with experimental concentration profiles than the equilibrium calculations.

Microsegregation is one of the most important phenomena occurs during solidification. It usually results in formation of some unexpected second phases which generally affect the mechanical properties and specially reduce the workability of casting products. The aim of this research is to study the effect of cooling rate and grain refinement on the microsegregation in Al-4.8 wt.% Cu. For this purpose two series of experiments were designed. In the first set of experiments, the alloy was melted and cooled in three different rates, i.e. 0.04, 0.42, and 1.08 K/s in a DTA furnace. In the second series of experiments, the effect of grain refinement on the microsegregation at a constant cooling rate of 0.19 K/s was investigated. Al-5Ti-1B master alloy was used as grain refiner. Results showed that by increasing the cooling rate the amount of non-equilibrium eutectic phase increases from 5.1 to 7.4 wt.%, and the minimum concentration of solute element in primary phase decreases from 1.51 to 1.05 wt.% Cu. By grain refinement of the alloy, the amount of non-equilibrium eutectic phase decreases from 5.5 to 4.7 wt.%, and the minimum concentration of solute element in the primary phase increases from 0.98 to 1.07 wt.% Cu. So it is concluded that increasing cooling rate in the range of 0.04 to 1.08 K/s, increases and grain refinement reduces the microsegregation.

Deterioration of soft magnetic properties of amorphous ribbons happens when oxygen atoms diffuse in matrix during heat treatment. In this research, surface oxidation of Co67Fe4Cr7Si8B14 amorphous ribbons prepared by Planar Flow Melt Spinning (PFMS) process during crystallization was investigated. In the first step, thermal stability of the ribbons was studied by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Amorphous samples were then annealed isothermally in argon atmosphere with 0.2% oxygen for 30 minutes at the temperature range of 350-650 ºC with 50 ºC interval. Heat treated samples were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. According to the results, surface oxidation started around 550ºC. The oxide was found to be SiO2 with amorphous structure. An increase in the temperature up to 600ºC, no crystalline phases was recognized by XRD in the sample annealed at this temperature, which can be attributed to increasing the thickness and continuity of the oxide layer. For the temperatures above 600ºC, the instability and discontinuity of the oxide layer were observed in some areas. In these areas, oxygen diffused in the matrix and combined with cobalt as CoO, was also observed.

In the present study, the microstructural properties of the nanostructured surface layer of a low carbon steel (CK15) fabricated by ball milling technique was characterized using X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopies (SEM and FESEM). The results indicate that a nanostructured layer with the thickness of more than 30 m was formed on the surface of the steel by applying surface milling treatment. The minimum of the average grain size in top of surface layer was found to be about 15 nm after milling for 12 hours. Moreover, it was found that by applying the mentioned method, the average grain size and the hardness in the top of surface layer gradually vary as a function of depth below the surface.

The nanocrystallization of Co67Fe4Cr7Si8B14 amorphous ribbons which prepared by planar flow melt spinning process (PFMS) was investigated. Crystallization of the ribbons was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The DTA result of amorphous ribbon at heating rate of 10˚C/min showedoccurrence of phase transitions in two stages. The ribbons were isothermally annealed for 30 minutes in argon atmosphere at different temperatures between 300 and 650ºC with 25ºC steps. The magnetic properties of annealed samples were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM results revealed that optimum soft magnetic properties occurred at 400ºC. XRD patterns showed that the samples isothermally annealed up to 450ºC were amorphous, while TEM results at 400ºC indicated 7-8 nm mean size nanocrytallites in amorphous matrix and size of the nanocrystallites increased by increasing temperature. Also by X-ray diffraction pattern, precipitation of different phases at higher temperatures confirmed.

This study aimed to compare dimensions of socialemotional learning of students in ordinary and no bag schools. Using multi-stage cluster sampling a sample of 71 students of no bag schools and 86 students of ordinary schools was selected from among Y3 and Y4 students in Isfahan. The Karin et al. questionnaire of socialemotional learning along with some demographic questions was administered to the sample. MANOVA was used for data analysis. Results showed a significant difference between students of ordinary and no bag schools on self regulation. Also، findings showed significant difference between the two types of schools on peer group relations.