فهرست مطالب sadr

In precision of the aerodynamic coefficients, modification and development of the Boeing-Vertol model are the main goal of the presented paper in which unsteady wake effects are considered. Hence, this paper uses based on Wagner function to consider the unsteady wake effects and to introduce an effective angle of airfoil degrees of freedom and their derivatives for both bending and pitching oscillations. The aerodynamic lift coefficient of the Boeing- model is improved by using the introduced effective angle of attack and flow apparent mass effects. Also, a new pitching moment coefficient is introduced and is replaced in the model. The introduced aerodynamic coefficients are validated and verified by experimental data and also compared with the original model. The obtained results represent correction of the lift coefficient of the Boeing Vertol model in of the static lift curve and improvement of maximum lift coefficient and of . Also, the results show that the proposed formulation enhances the Boeing Vertol model to predict moment coefficient in dynamic condition. In addition, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of reduced frequency on effective angle of attack and it is shown that while reduced frequency increases to 0.36, unsteady wake effects on effective angle of attack of an airfoil reach to its maximum value. Moreover, for reduced frequencies upper than 0.1, pitch axis location changes the characteristics of the effective angle of attack of the airfoil.

Clifford Algebra (CA) is an effective substitute for classic algebra as the modern generation of mathematics. However, massive computational loads of CA-based algorithms have hindered its practical usage in the past decades. Nowadays, due to magnificent developments in computational architectures and systems, CA framework plays a vital role in the intuitive description of many scientific issues. Geometric Product is the most important CA operator, which created a novel perspective on image processing problems. In this work, Geometric Product and its properties are discussed precisely, and it is used for image partitioning as a straightforward instance. Efficient implementation of CA operators needs a specialized structure, therefore a hardware architecture is proposed that achieves 25x speed-up in comparison to the software approach.

The Upper Red Formation (URF) was chosen to review due to tectonic and stratigraphic complication of the Avaj area and the extent of the URF in this area. The URF was investigated through sedimentological and tectonic aspects. The URF deposits in the Avaj area were divided into two members (M1 and M2). Based on sedimentological investigations (mineralogy, lithology and sedimentary structures), the URF two members are different in lithology (e.g., quartz, feldspars, volcanic rock fragments and carbonate cementation differences in sandstones and clay mineral composition difference in mudrocks). The paleocurrent direction changed from SE to NW in the lower member to NNW to SSE in the upper member. Field observations revealed an unconformity between these two members. The Shurab salt dome deformed the lower member but deformation did not reach the upper member. According to the mentioned evidence, two previously known members of the URF (M1 or the Avaj Red Beds and M2 or the Bi-Ab conglomerate) did not belong to the same formation, and the upper member (Bi-Ab conglomerate) should be considered as a new lithostratigraphic unit. Based on tectonic evidence, the late Alpine movements (<20 Ma.) triggered the inversion of Avaj Fault and deposition of the URF. The Atikan orogeny (5 Ma.) caused the deformation of the URF and the unconformity at the base of the Bi-Ab conglomerate. The Atikan movements also reactivated the Hassan Abad Fault, causing the creation of the Khar Rud shortcut. The uplift of the Khar Rud block provided the Bi-Ab conglomerate sediment supply. The Bi-Ab conglomerate might be deposited during Pliocene and deformed by the Pasadanian movements (2-1.8 Ma.).

Municipal solid waste management is an essential part of urban services, which is often managed by local governments. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial variation of the groundwater quality factors in Hamedan Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (HMSWL) site in Hamedan, Iran. In total, 20 wells were randomly selected for the collection of groundwater samples in the vicinity of the landfill. The quality of the well water samples was evaluated by measuring nitrate (NO-3), phosphate (PO‑4), chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, pH, total dissolved solid, and fecal coliform. According to the results, the mean concentration of BOD5 and COD in the collected samples was 6.25±11.72 and 7.90±11.50 mg/l, respectively. Maps of the distribution levels of pollution parameters around the landfill have been presented in figures. The issue of solid waste management in Hamedan city should be addressed through integrated management and improving the environment.

The Dolatabad area located in SE Iran is a well-endowed terrain owning several chromite mineralized zones. These chromite ore bodies are all hosted in a colored mélange complex zone comprising harzburgite, dunite, and pyroxenite. These deposits are irregular in shape, and are distributed as small lenses along colored mélange zones. The area has a great potential for discovering further chromite resources. Therefore, the current work endeavors to delineate the favorable zones of podiform chromite mineralization to focus on the detailed exploration surveys. In order to achieve this goal, the machine learning random forests algorithm was adapted to integrate the footprints of mineralization in various exploration datasets. The genetic characteristics of podiform chromite deposits were used to define the exploration criteria. These defined criteria were then translated to a set of exploration evidence layers. The competent exploration evidence layers, i.e. those with remarkable positive spatial associations with mineralization, were then recognized using distance distribution analysis. Respecting the location of known chromite mineralizations and competent exploration evidence layers, a predictive random forests model was trained and then applied to predict the favorable zones of chromite prospectivity. The delineated targets were found to occupy 19% of the studied area, in which all the known chromite mineralizations were delimited. Consequently, it is worthy to follow up the detailed exploration surveys within the delineated zones.

This study aims at analyzing structural lineaments, fractures and blind faults of the Avaj - Abegarm region and determining the related fractal patterns using remote sensing techniques. The lineaments map was extracted using appropriate algorithms of spatial data, Landsat 8 satellite images and Shaded Relief Model with a semi-automatic method, and then field studies and instrumental recorded earthquakes have been used for identification of structural lineaments. The fractures pattern and structural lineaments of the study area were calculated using fractal analysis and Box Counting method and fractal dimension obtained in the Hassanabad and Avaj fault zones from Log–log plots. Based on calculated fractal dimensions of structural lineaments, location of the longitudinal faults and epicenter of destructive Changureh - Avaj 2002 earthquake, the Abdareh and Kharrud faults are active blind faults beneath the alluvial deposits of the study area,. The density of faults in the Hassanabad fault zones and the higher fractal dimension of fractures in this zone in comparison with the Avaj fault zone, indicate higher activity level of the Hassanabad and KharRud faults.

Boroujerd granitoid pluton geologically is part of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Evidence of ductile deformation such as mylonitic fabric In most parts of the study area and changed Borujerd granitoid to mylonitic granite. Mylonitic fabric includes mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation is visible and , measurable at unweathered granite part. Most foliation are dipping low-to-moderate and changed 10-55 degrees. At north part of pluton foliation have NE-SW strike and in the south part of Boroujerd pluton chenged to NW-SE. At the north part foliation are dipping to SE and in the south part foliation are dipping to NE. stretching lineation are low angle plunging between o-25 to NW, NE and SE plunging. Due to the slope of the mylonitic foliation and shear sence indicator, normal and reverse dip-slip movement was determined for mylonitic granite. Collection of evidence in this area for tectonic setting determine of Boroujerd pluton show syn tectonic (Syn D2 deformation) emplacmet . After deformation and formation of mylonitic fabric in Boroujerd pluton, this pluton again deformed and Mylonitic and Stretching lineation arefolded.

The aim of this study is assessment the dynamics tectonic Linements and fractures related is to the Morvarid Fault, middle segment of the Main recent Fault (MRF).The MRF is a dextral strike-slip fault the with northwest-southeast trend, composed of several fault segments. The Morvarid Fault is one of the MRF segments with a .bout 30 kilometers length is located in middle part and continuation of the Sahneh fault. In this study, using remote sensing techniques and fractal analyzes, faults and Linements associated with the fault zone Morvarid examined the method used in this study, semi-automatic extraction Linements based on STA algorithm of images Landsat satellite and is shaded models. Using fractal analyzes, lineaments and faults were obtained analyzes the fractal dimension reflects the increasing the density of fractures around the fault zone MRF and the density in a process northwest southeast and parallel to the fault. Fractal dimension faults from northwest to southeast is gradually changed from 1.626 to 1.847 and this increase of fractal dimension, is also visible in the Linements from 1.811 in the northwest to 1.941 southeast will rise. In fact, factor in the rise fractal dimension in the study area, related fractures Main recent Fault, which away from this zone the faults density decreases.

This paper presents the movement dynamic of the train and the relationship between the speed of wheel and train, as well as a discussion about the concept of wheel slip. There are two different operation regions designated as creep and wheelspin areas for wheel slip. Creep and wheelspin areas have stable and unstable characteristics, respectively. Wheels and rails are constructed from iron, and thus the friction between them is negligible. Therefore, operation point of speed control system may be in either creep or wheelspin areas. The place of the operation point depends on the values of driving torque compared with the value of maximum adhesion torque. As described, in this article too, in order to minimize the acceleration time, the best operation point is maximum adhesion point. To provide a situation to study algorithms of adhesion control, this paper presents a complete model for simulation the adhesion control. Adhesion coefficient is a non-measurable quantity; therefore, an estimator, previously used, for its estimation is used. The traction motor which is used in this study is an induction motor. The speed control system of this traction motor is field oriented control. The presented model is used in operation in creep/wheelspin area and on maximum adhesion point. The simulation results approve the model.

Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofing could pose a major threat for GPS navigation ýsystems, so the GPS users have to gain a better understanding of the broader implications of ýGPS.ý In this paper, a plenary anti-spoofing approach based on correlation is proposed to distinguish spoofing effects. The suggested ýmethod can be easily implemented in tracking loop of GPS receiver. We will study a real-time spoof recognition ýwith a clear certainty by introducing a reliable novel metric. As a primary step, the proposed technique is ýimplemented in software receiver to prove the concept of idea in a multipath-free ýscenario. ýThree rooftop data sets, collected in our GPS laboratory, are used in the ýperformance assessment of the proposed method. The results indicate that investigated algorithm is ýable to perform a real-time detection in all date sets.

Design of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors is still a challenging task because of active site similarities between COX isoenzymes. To help with this issue, we tried to generate a 3D-QSAR (3 dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship) model that might reflect the essential features of COX-2 active sites. Compounds in a series of resveratrol derivatives inhibitors with reported biological activity against COX-2 were used to construct a predictive comparative molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA) model. A CoMSIA model with acceptable internal and external predictability was developed and employed to design new not yet synthesized molecules with improved activity and selectivity toward COX-2. Finally, molecular docking of the inhibitors in COX-2 active site demonstrated the possible ability of proposed compounds to inhibit COX-2, selectively.

This paper presents a novel approach for evaluating impacts of price-sensitive loads on electricity price and market power. To accomplish this aim an analytical method along with agent-based computational economics are used. At first, Nash equilibrium is achieved by computational approach of Q-learning then based on the optimal bidding strategies of GenCos, which are figured out by Q-learning, ISO's social welfare maximization is restated considering demand side bidding. In this research, it was demonstrated that locational marginal price (LMP) at each node of system can be decomposed into five components. The first constitutive part is a constant value for the respective bus, while the next two components are related to GenCos and the last two parts are associated to load service entities (LSEs). Market regulators can acquire valuable information from the proposed LMP decomposition. First, sensitivity of electricity price at each bus and Lerner index of GenCos to the bidding strategies and maximum price-sensitive demand of LSEs are revealed through weighting coefficients of the last two terms in the decomposed LMP. Moreover, the decomposition of LMP expresses contribution of LSEs to the electricity price. The simulation results on two test systems confirm the capability of the proposed approach.

In this research, role of the folded structures in tectonic morphology of Avaj region is evaluated based on morphological analyses of rivers and morphometric index of stream length-gradient (SL). The study area is located in the boundary of Central Iran and Sanandaj – Sirjan Structural Zones in northwest of Iran and the most important folded structures are the Aran and Charogh Dareh anticlines and Karkhaneh syncline with general northwest-southeast trend.Lateral propagation of these folded structures has caused derivation on driniages paths convergence toward the fold plunge and also lateral propagation of fold caused anomalies in SL index of driniages passing through the folded structures.The results of morphotectonic evidence and the SL index in the study area show that the morphology of drainages and their trends are influenced by active tectonic forces and show activity of the area.

After the fall of Shi’ite Buyid government, Sunni Seljuk government came to power which declined the influence of Twelver Shi’a Muslims. Seljuks were also harsh on Shi’a Muslims. (Brief History) However after a while, Shi’ite agents (bureaucrats) gained influence and power; they were appointed as minister, official writers and were in charge of small Shi’ite cities. (Problem) Nevertheless, no comprehensive research has been done on the way Shi’a Muslims came to power and how they helped Shi’ism. (Background) The way Shi’a Muslims succeeded in gaining influence over government and also their function in the time of Seljuk government will be analyzed in the present paper. (Question) Studying political and cultural changes in this era of history of Twelver Shi’a Muslims will provide valuable achievements in exploring and understanding the dynamism of the history of Twelver Shi’a Muslims. (Hypothesis) Therefore, the present paper will represent the situation of Shi’a Muslims in Seljuk government (purpose) by means of a descriptive – analytical approach. (Methodology) As it will be represented, flexibility of Shi’ism in most of the difficult situations through history along with insisting on religious beliefs were the reasons behind survivor of Shi’ism. (Finding)

Electrical discharge machining process، is one of the most widely used methods for machining، the electrically conductive parts. In this way the tool is not in contact with the workpiece and the hardness of workpiece does not affect the machining speed. In Electrical Discharge Machining process، selection of the correct machining parameters are effective in final cost and the quality of the products. The special application of this alloy in various industries including tooling industry is attributed to its high hardness and wear resistance. The DIN 1. 2080 steel at low temperature has a high wear resistance. Its hardness depth is high and it is suitable for machining at low temperature. In this paper، the effect of the type and setting parameters and determination of optimal levels in of electrical discharge machining of alloy DIN 1. 2080 using the Taguchi method and optimal determinant is examined The desired setting parameters including gap voltage، current intensity، on time and off time. The material removal rate and surface roughness of produced parts as the output characteristic of the study were investigated. Results showed that the spark current is more effective on the output parameter (more than 65% on material removal rate and more than 48% on a surface roughness)، Other effective parameters are pulse on time، pulse off time and voltage changes، respectively. Higher current and pulse on time values and lower voltage and pulse off time values result in high MRR and low SR.

In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to obtain and adopt planning procedures based on Multi Criteria Evaluation of natural environment. Since biophysical (natural) environment has limited ecological capabilities for human use, ecological capability assessment, as an essence for environmental studies and with the aim of preventing existing crises, yields proper grounds for environmental planning. The analysis of land capability and sufficiency for urban development is one of the main categories with which urban planners deal. In this paper, by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) through the perspective of Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Approach and within the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), ecological capability of the suburbs surrounding Tabriz city was assessed (natural and human in terms of 12 criteria) to examine the physical development of Tabriz city and final mapping of the region was provided. This mapping shows regions suitable for physical urban development of the city. The results and finding of this research were applied by urban planners.

In this paper, primarily, a new photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure is proposed in which a large anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD), single mode operation, small higher order dispersions (HODs) and enhanced nonlinear characteristics for ideal generation of ultra-wide band spectra and femtosecond ultra-short optical pulses applying subnanojoule input pulse energy in the low loss wavelength of 850nm is presented. Furthermore, numerical simulations are presented to show that the bandwidth and the intensity of generated optical pulses increase dramatically with positive chirp. Finally, optimal values of positive chirp parameters are identified in the novel PCF structure that maximize the bandwidth and intensity of optical pulses respectively.

Alcea sulphurea (A. S) with various drug effects، especially on mucociliary system as dilutor drug and sputum collection is known. This study examined the comparative effects of A. S and Bromhexine HCL (B. H) on mucociliary system chicken trachea. In this experimental study 30 Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into five groups of six. One group was considered as Control and the other four groups during 12 days received oral B. H، oral A. S extract، nebulas normal saline and Nebulized A. S extract respectively. After 12 days the chicks were killed and the biopsy samples from the middle tracheal were taken for histopathology study using PAS methods under Light microscopy. Finally Image tools III Software were used for counting of size and number of mucous glands and cilia. Results of the analysis of data showed a significant increase of number and the size of mucous glands، also the size of cilia in Nebulized A. S group in comparison to Control group، oral B. H، normal saline. The oral A. S extract group showed the increase in numbers and sizes of cilia and mucous glands but they weren’t significant. According to more mucolytic effects of A. S extract than Bromhexine HCL and side effects for drugs mucolytic is recommended to be used that respiratory and inflammatory diseases of the A. S extract.

In this paper, a high speed delay-locked loop (DLL) architecture is presented which can be employed in high frequency applications. In order to design the new architecture, a new mixed structure is presented for phase detector (PD) and charge pump (CP) which can be triggered by double edges of the input signals. In addition, the blind zone is removed due to the elimination of reset signal. Therefore, operating frequency of the whole system is improved which can be mentioned as notable advantage of the proposed DLL. To obtain more accurate phases at the output signal, a new delay cell is introduced which is controlled by a single voltage. This control voltage, through equalizing the rise and fall time, regulate duty cycle of output clock. These features along with simplicity and low power consumption qualify the proposed architecture to be widely used in high speed systems. For better realization of the designed circuit’s behavior, simulation results are presented based on TSMC 0.35µm CMOS technology and 3.3-V power supply for a type II filter which demonstrate accuracy and perfect performance of this work.

This study was to determine common methods to treat addiction used by patients checked into Outpatient Treatment and Rehabilitation Clinics in Tehran. The study was conducted in Social Security affiliated outpatient clinics including three governmental and several private centers in 22 districts of Tehran. Demographic data, personal information, social characteristics and information regarding prevention, treatment, and follow-up records of 1,372 patients were obtained and analyzed. A majority of cases referring to the treatment centers were male (95.2%). Patients were 14 to 75 yr (mean 35.48 ± 10.57 yr); 61.7% were married and lived in rented homes in the city; 938/1372 (68.4%) had at least one previous attempt failure when seeking re-treatment. A majority of them (77.8%) had a history of 1 to 4 quit attempts; a number 63.1% had an abstinence period of 1 week to 6 months. The majority of our understudy subjects had a history of previous attempts to treat their addiction with a maximum abstinence period of 6 months.

Inadequate torque application during screw tightening in dental Implants is one of the responsible factors of screw loosening and fracture and others technical complications. Mechanical torque limiting Devices (MTLDs) are necessary tools to control a peak torque and achieving a target values. Accuracy of these devices, particularly in friction–style type is reported with high variability. Due to vague and controversial aspect of steam sterilization on the accuracy of these devices their preparation steps (dismantling of the components, lubrication, broken position of the handle) before sterilization, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of steam sterilization without preparation steps on the accuracy of friction-style MTLDs. Fifteen new friction-style MTLDs from three different manufacturers, five for each group, were purchased. All peak torque measurement, considering their target torque, were measured ten times consecutively before and after 100 cycles of steam sterilization using Tohnichi torque gauge. For steam sterilization procedure, 100 cycles of autoclave without preparation steps before each cycle were performed. Comparison of error values and range of difference between the measured torque value and the target torque values before/after sterilization were performed with a One- way Repeated- measures ANOVA to significant level of P<0.05, considering type of devices as a between subject comparison. For pair wise comparison Bonferroni post hoc test was used. After steam sterilization without preparation steps, difference between target torque and peak values increased in all of the 3 groups studied (P<0.05). Peak torque values showed more than 10% difference from the target torque (suitable clinically accepted torque) in some measurements. Range of error was -1 to 4 Ncm in Dr Idhe group, -1 to 3 Ncm in AstraTech group and -3.5 to 1 Ncm in Biohorizon group. Within the limitation of this study maximum error values were 12% in Astra Tech MTLDs, 13.3% in Dr Idhe MTLDs and 11.7% in Biohorizon MTLDs. Greater variability was seen for Biohorizon and Dr Idhe groups than for Astra Tech group. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: Sterilization without preparation steps affects the accuracy of friction-style mechanical torque limiting devices. Combined effects of sterilization and aging needs to be determined.

Different cements are used to attach orthodontic bands which require special considerations in terms of technique sensitivity during setting reaction, water solubility and decomposition over time each of which may result in attachment failure, decalcification and caries in long term. This study was designed to assess the weight changes of different zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements used in orthodontics. An experimental study was designed to compare two available conventional cements (zinc phosphate and polycarboxilate) in the department of dental materials, SBMU School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran. The cements were categorized according to ADA 8 index and the data were analyzed with electronic balance. Weight variations were recorded after 6 weeks floating the samples in water and data were subjected to analysis using Repeated Measured ANOVA test. There was the maximum mean value of weight loss for Aria Dent zinc phosphate cement and the least with Adhezor zinc phosphate within the period of study. Regarding plycarboxylate cement, Aria Dent polycarboxylate displayed the greater weight variation over the time compared to other conventional cement and the minimum value of weight loss was for Durelon cement. It is concluded that Aria Dent zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cement display greater weight variations over time compared to other conventional cements.

Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count due to reduced production and higher destruction of the platelets. Therapy is aimed at increasing the patient’s platelet count to safe levels and includes a wide variety of treatments, which has a large impact on the patient’s quality of life. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is one of the most important factors to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. This study was conducted to compare the effect of the various types of treatment on HRQoL in ITP patients. Ninety under 25 year-old patients were included in this cross-sectional study. All patients had active disease with platelet count of less than 120,000/mm3. The patients were divided into 3 treatment groups: 1- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment, 2- various corticosteroids treatments and 3- Immunosuppressive treatments, and filled-out a validated “quality of life” questionnaire.The HRQoL was calculated according to the collected information such as well-physical activity, gynecologic problems, bleeding disorders, response to treatment, side effects and social interactions. Ninety patients were enrolled, consisting of 38 male and 52 females. The mean age of the patients was 19.73±4.02 years. The mean total score of HRQoL was 21.8±9.1. We did not find any significant difference in HRQoL total score among treatment groups (p=0.129). HLQoL did not differ among treatment protocols and it seems that other factors are more important in influencing quality of life among ITP patients.

Over the last 45 years, mortality due to suicide has increased in some developed and developing countries, among both children and adults. This study was undertaken to determine the cases suicide in 6-15 years old children. Between Jan. 2005 and Jan. 2008, data from 292 children (239 girls and 53 boys) aged 6-15 years who attempted suicide and were referred to the Loghman Hakim Medical Poison Centre affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran were enrolled. The Children Suicide Questionnaire (CSQ) was applied. The percentage of girls who attempted suicide was 81.8% against 18.2% for boys. Most of them were from 12 to 14 years old. 43.8% of the children were in a poor socio-economic class. 55.5% of the study period was between 6.00 pm and 12.00 pm. 41% of the respondents reported cases of mental illness in their family. 41.6% of the children had previously attempted suicide while 95% of suicide attempts took place at home and in 36.6% of suicides, there was a family argument. Depression (28%) and epilepsy (27.1%) were the most cited cases of personal problems using antiepileptic drugs (23%), benzodiazepine (23%), and antidepressants (20%). This study suggests a collaboration between pediatricians, psychiatrists and psychologists.