فهرست مطالب saeed abroun

In this article published in Cell J, Vol 19, No 4, Jan-Mar (Winter) 2018, on pages 654-659, the authors found that Figures 2 and 3 had some errors that accidentally happened during organizing figures. Because of mislabeling some images and saving them in an incorrect folder, the following figures' legends are corrected.
The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience.

Stem cells with high proliferative capacity can be isolated from different tissues of the body. These cells originate from the fetal mesoderm and are found in tissues such as bone marrow, fat tissue, amniotic fluid, and Wharton's jelly. In this study, the survival of Wharton's jelly human mesenchymal stem cells inside alginate capsules after 7, 14 and 21 days has been investigated. In this experimental study, 10 umbilical cord samples were obtained from pregnant mothers during caesarean section, and the vessels of the umbilical cord samples were isolated. Then it was cultured in DMEM-HG medium containing 10% FBS serum for 5 days. To show the stemness of these cells, CD73, CD34 and CD45 markers were evaluated by flow cytometry technique. After confirmation, the cells were encapsulated in alginate hydrogels. The viability of encapsulated cells was evaluated by trypan blue and MTT. The results showed that the capsules are spherical and have a uniform border and are homogeneously dispersed throughout the capsule. Wharton jelly encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells did not change their morphology and viability. After 21 days, the survival of the encapsulated cells was maintained. Alginate as a three-dimensional biodegradable scaffold with suitable cell viability can be used as a suitable option for cell therapy and tissue engineering with the property of non-graft rejection.

Multiple Myeloma is a Plasma Cell Malignancy. Since the study of pathogenicity mechanisms and messenger pathways involved in the causative agent cells is important in the laboratory environment and close to the physiological environment of the body, therefore, the best environment for the study of cells in the laboratory environment, an environment most closely resembling the physiological environment of the body. However, the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a supplement to the growth of cells in the cell culture process is very common. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amniotic fluid on proliferation (Ki-67 and Cyclin-D) and survival (Bax and Bcl2) of both RPMI8226 and U266 Myeloma in comparison with fetal bovine serum. Human amniotic fluid was collected from 6 pregnant women during cesarean section and sterilized. After cultivating myeloma cells (RPMI8226 and U266), cell line treatments were performed in four groups with different amniotic fluid ratios. 48 and 96 hours after treatment, cell count and cell survival were evaluated using trypan blue and neobar lam. MTT test was also used to assess the survival of the treated Myeloma cells. Finally, Ki67, Cyclin-D1, Bax and Bcl-2 genes were evaluated by Real Time PCR and SYBR Green. Evaluation of the expression of the genes involved in the process of cell proliferation and apoptosis showed that the amniotic fluid treated groups significantly increased the expression of Ki-67, Cyclin-D1 genes and also increased the anti-apoptotic gene expression of bcl 2, and a significant decrease in expression of the gene responsible for apoptosis, Bax was observed. Our data suggest that amniotic fluid as a nutrient source can increase cell growth and proliferation up to 96 hours significantly in comparison with that of fetal bovine serum, although cell proliferation and cell survival in 48 hours than 96 hours of more cultivation. Based on the findings of this study, ammonia fluid can be used as a supporter of growth as a replacement for bovine serum for up to 96 hours. In this study, the effect of this fluid on the two cell lines of myeloma was evaluated, which seems to be better tested for more comprehensive conclusions in this regard on other cells.

Nowadays, using umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells has been an important issue for both researchers and physicians in many parts of the world. According to the benefits of using cord blood in curing disorders, awareness of parents about cord blood utility and cord blood banking is important. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and willingness of Iranian pregnant women and also the information level of doctors about cord blood banking.
This is a survey that conducted among at least 28 weeks 824 pregnant women and 152 Obstetric-Gynecologists (OB-GYNs) in private hospitals of 24 provinces of Iran to evaluate the knowledge using a questionnaire.
Our finding indicated that 38.7% of participants were aware of cord blood banking and less than 50% of doctors had complete information about cord blood usage. The mother’s attitude is related to their doctor’s recommendation. The results show that the level of education, employment status, and occupation, income has an impact on the parent’s attitude for cord blood banking.
The level of knowledge among the pregnant women about cord blood usage is low totally. Even the doctors had not complete awareness about cord blood banking. Hence the most of the women tend to get advice from their physician; we should try to introduce Royan cord blood bank and the advantages of cord blood stem cells via holding congresses and medical gathering.

In order to clarify the role of microRNAs (miRNA) in megakaryocyte differentiation, we ran a microRNA microarray experiment to measure the expression level of 961 human miRNA in megakaryocytes differentiated from human umbilical cord blood CD133 cells.
In this experimental study, human CD133 hematopoietic stem cells were collected from three human umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples, and then differentiated to the megakaryocytic lineage and characterized
by flow cytometry, CFU-assay and ploidy analysis. Subsequently, microarray analysis was undertaken followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to validate differentially expressed miRNA identified in the microarray analysis.
A total of 10 and 14 miRNAs were upregulated (e.g. miR-1246 and miR-148-a) and down-regulated (e.g. miR- 551b and miR-10a) respectively during megakaryocyte differentiation, all of which were confirmed by qPCR. Analysis of targets of these miRNA showed that the majority of targets are transcription factors involved in megakaryopoiesis.
We conclude that miRNA play an important role in megakaryocyte differentiation and may be used as targets to change the rate of differentiation and further our understanding of the biology of megakaryocyte commitment.

Umbilical cord blood is used for transplantation purposes in regenerative medicine of hematological disorders. MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression that control both physiological and pathological processes such as cancer development and incidence. There is a new relation between 53 (tumor suppressor gene) and miR-145 (suppressor of cell growth) upregulation. In this study, we have assessed how adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) affect the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as miR-145 and p53 expressions.
In this experimental study, we cultured passage-3 isolated human ADSCs as a feeder layer. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the presence of ADSC surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105. Ex vivo cultures of cordblood CD34 cells were cultured under the following 4 culture conditions for 7 days: i. Medium only supplemented with cytokines, ii. Culture on an ADSCs feeder layer, iii. Indirect culture on an ADSCs feeder layer (Thin Cert™ plate with a 0.4 μm pore size), and iv. Control group analyzed immediately after extraction. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the expressions of the p53 and miR-145 genes. Flow cytometry analysis of cells stained by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) was performed to detect the rate of apoptosis in the expanded cells.
ADSCs tested positive for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD105, CD90, and CD73, and negative for HSC markers CD34 and CD45. Our data demonstrated the differentiation potential of ASCs to osteoblasts by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining. MTT assay results showed a higher proliferation rate of C 34燩 directly cultured on the ADSCs feeder layer group compared to the other groups. Direct contact between HSCs and the feeder layer was prevented by a microporous membrane p53 expression increased in the HSCs group with indirect contact of the feeder layer compared to direct contact of the feeder layer. p53 significantly downregulated in HSCs cultured on ADSCs, whereas miR-145 significantly upregulated in HSCs cultured on ADSCs.
ADSCs might increase HSCs proliferation and self-renewal through miR-145, 53, and their relationship.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on cardiac expression of miR-499, For this purpose, 14 rats under controlled conditions (temperature, light/dark (12:12) cycle, with ad Libitum access to food and water) were housed and after familiarization with protocol they were randomly assigned into control and Experimental groups. The experimental group performed 14 weeks endurance exercise on motorized treadmill, and then 48 hours after the end of the last session were anesthetized and sacrificed. The heart was removed and then left ventricle was dissected. Real time RT-PCR method was used to determine of expression levels of miR-449 in left ventricle and the obtained data were evaluated using one sample t-test. The hypertrophy evaluation indices showed that the ratio of left ventricle to the body weight in experimental group (2.3±0.18) was significantly (P=0.05) higher in compare control group (2.049±0.12) and the ratio of left ventricle to body surface area in experimental group (0.168±0.008) were significantly (P=0.01) higher in compare with control group (0.153±0.006). Finally, the mean of miR-499 expression of left ventricle in experimental group was significantly (P=0.004) higher than control group. It seems miR-499 expression relate to endurance induce cardiac hypertrophy special in left ventricle.

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osterix (OSX) as two specific osteoblast transcription factors and distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) as a non-specific one are of paramount importance in regulating osteoblast related genes including osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin and collagen type Iα1. The present study sets out to investigate whether epigenetic regulation of these genes is important in osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this experimental study, MSCs were differentiated to osteoblasts under the influence of the osteogenic differentiation medium. DNA and RNA were extracted at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 from MSCs differentiating to osteoblasts. Promoter regions of RUNX2, OSX, DLX5 and BSP were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Gene expression was analyzed during osteoblastic differentiation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MSP analysis revealed that promoter methylation status did not change in RUNX2, DLX5 and BSP during MSC osteoblastic differentiation. In contrast, OSX promoter showed a dynamic change in methylation pattern. Moreover, RUNX2, OSX, DLX5 and BSP promoter regions showed three different methylation patterns during MSC differentiation. Gene expression analyses confirmed these results. The results show that in differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts, epigenetic regulation of OSX may play a leading role.

Background and Microfluidic systems are microstructures that could be used to improve the conventional cell culture protocols used in laboratories. The aim of this research was to design and construct the microfluidic system and evaluating its ability to produce IL-2 by jurkat cells. At first، the sketch of microfluidic canals was designed by Corel draw and was built on poly dimethyl siloxan using soft lithography. After embedding entry and exit pores، it was attached to glass slide via oxygen plasma technique. It was then connected to a pump containing RPMI1640 culture medium by 3 μL/hour speed. Afterwards، Jurkat cells were inoculated in the system. In the course of incubation، a continuous flow of culture medium and stimulants were encountered with cells in system canals. Simultaneously، the cells were cultured in flasks regarding proliferation and IL-2 production. The cultured cells were then compared with microfluidic system. The rate of proliferation and IL-2 production by jurkat cells was about twice in microfluidic system compared with that of the conventional cell culturing method and the system did not show negative effect on cell viability. Microfluidic system can create a condition similar to the in-vivo for proliferation and production of cell culture products due to dynamic condition resulted from continuous flow of food and waste removal. Moreover، this system showed higher performance and consumed less culture medium and materials، so it could be used as an alternative method for conventional cell cultures.

The dramatic increase has been reported in the use of stem cells, but FBS as a cell culture supplement for MSCs expansion, is very expensive. Human substitute supplement, like platelet lysate has a great impact on expansion and proliferation of MSCs. According to previous studies, no experiments have been conducted according to impact of platelet lysate on MSCs in Iran. In this study we examined the impact of platelet lysate on expansion and differentiation of MSCs compared to FBS. This study was experimental. Five expired units of platelet concentrates were prepared from Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Platelet lysate was generated by freeze-thaw procedure. To remove membrane fragments, lysates were centrifuged, and 2 U/ml heparin was added to avoid gelatinization. MSCs were obtained from Stem Cell Technology Research Center. The cells were confirmed by flow cytometry, and separated in two randomly groups, test (in presence of platelet lysate) and control (in presence of FBS). MSCs proliferation performed by cell counting, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was detected with Oil Red O and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The number of MSCs in control group and test group were 2×104  0.2/μl and 3×104  0.3/μl at day 3, and 5×1040.3 and 8×1040.5 at day 5 respectively (P<0.001). There was no difference in cell differentiation. ‍ It seems that platelet lysate has better impact on proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells than FBS, and no difference in cell differentiation. We recommend further studies.

The aim of this study was accurate evaluation of cardiac responses to endurance training using two presented methods of m-mode and weigh in rats، and also evaluation of training induced changes in heart and left ventricular in the proporation of body weight، tibia length and body surface area. 20 male Wistar rats (209–231 g) were selected; they were randomly divided into two groups، and housed in a standard condition. Trained group completed an endurance protocol (14 weeks). The dimensions and weight of heart were measured by ultrasound and balance respectively and were relatively evaluated based on tibia length، body surface area and body weight. Statistical differences between the groups were calculated by independent t test، and the minimal significance level was established at P ≤. 05. The left ventricular end diastole diameter in trained group was significantly more than control group، in compounded parameters، only the FS and SV were significantly different. With normalizing، the differences have become more marked. It seems to assess cardiac adaptations induced by endurance activities، m-mode method is more reliable، in addition to normalization of weight indexes، body weight and BSA which are associated with the energy consumption are proposed.

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a source of hematopoetic Stem / Progenitor cells (HSPCs) used for umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). The main obstacle in application of this source as an appropriate source of HSPCs is low volume of this product. So ex vivo expansion of these cells in a microenvironment which mimic body condition is important. In current study, we designed biocompatible microwells in which collagene type I is coated by softlitography method. Our findings designated that in 3-Dimensional (3D) microenvironment CD133+ UCB derived HSC expanded significantly compared to 2-Dimensional (2D) microenvironment.

The Mesenchymal Stem cells derived from human newborn cords were cultured and exposed to a 24mT Static magnetic field for 24 hours. The viability percentage and the cell cycle progression was then investigated in exposed samples and the obtained results was compared with the control samples. The results clearly demonstrated a significant reduction of cell viability due to the exposure of 24 hours of SMF and post-exposure cultures within the time frames of 36,48,60 hours. The cell development through the cell-cycle, also verified this finding, however, 72 hours of post-exposure culture, significantly leveled off the drop in viable stem cell rates.