فهرست مطالب saeed hosseini

Human beings have various dimensions, including cognitive, emotional, social and spiritual, each of which must be examined separately. Failure to pay attention to any of the dimensions of human existence will eliminate an important part of human existence. Considering that according to the results of some studies, without spiritual health, other biological, psychological and social dimensions cannot function properly or reach their maximum capacity, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the score of spiritual health among medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The study population was 430 medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd. The data collection tool in this study is a valid SWBS (Spiritual Well-Being Scale) questionnaire that has 20 questions to assess spiritual health status. In the present study, data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22

In the study, the average score of students' spiritual health was 88.38, which is a moderate score. Also, 70.1% of students had low to moderate spiritual health and 29.9% of them had high spiritual health. The highest score of spiritual health was reported among students 120 and the lowest score was 27 and among the factors discussed in the study (age Gender, place of birth, place of residence, grade point average, smoking, drug use, marital status, duration of study, history of physical and mental illness, interest in the field of study and student's assessment of future employment status) Smoking, marital status, satisfaction with the field of study and student assessment of their future career had a significant relationship with spiritual health.

According to the results of this study, the level of spiritual health of medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2019 is evaluated as average.

Background and

Anxiety and depression are the most common mental problems in people. In Iran, depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, and depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent in the country's universities. This research was aimed to determine the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2019. 

This study was a cross-sectional investigation involving 420 medical students from the medical faculty. Data collection included various variables such as age, gender, birthplace, residence, grade point average, smoking habits, drug use, marital status, education duration, history of physical and mental illnesses, interest in the field of study, and the students' evaluation of future employment views. The assessment of anxiety, depression, and stress was conducted utilizing the reliable DASS 21 questionnaire. Subsequently, data analysis was performed through the utilization of SPSS version 22 software.

Degrees of depression, anxiety and stress were reported 44%, 50.1% and 44%respectively. Depression showed a significant relationship with age, marital status, educational qualification, history of chronic mental illness, satisfaction with the field of study and students' evaluation of their future career. Anxiety with age, degree, smoking, satisfaction with the field of study and student's evaluation of future job and stress with age, marital status, education level, smoking and history of chronic mental illness, satisfaction with field of study and student's evaluation of future job They showed a significant relationship.

High rates of anxiety and depression were found among medical students. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing mental health issues in medical education. Future makers of our country should enjoy mental health and general health and finally health.

Feeling loneliness is a prevalent phenomenon, affecting 25-50% of the population over 65 years old. The present study aimed to investigate feeling lonely in the elderly in Iran.

This review study was conducted by searching the keywords elderly, loneliness, isolation, elderly, old age, older people, and feeling loneliness. We retrieved all published cross-sectional articles in Persian and English languages from 2006 to 2021. Evaluation of the quality of the studies and data extraction was done by reading the full texts of the selected articles, using the STROBE Checklists for cross-sectional studies. Articles that had the required quality were included in the study.

In this research, 128 articles were found in the initial review. A total of 26 articles were included in the study after preliminary reviews. According to the studies, the average score of loneliness in the elderly was high. Also, due to the lack of social relations, the average score of loneliness in the elderly staying in nursing homes and far from their families was higher than the elderly living in the family. Conclusion. The average loneliness score among the elderly, especially those living in nursing homes, was relatively high. Creating the necessary conditions to maintain social relationships among the elderly can reduce their level of loneliness and prevent the adverse consequences of loneliness in them.

Practical Implications: 

Considering the importance of improving the mental health of the elderly, it is recommended to strengthen the counseling of the elderly, reduce treatment costs, and also involve the elderly in daily activities and talk with a group of friends to reduce their loneliness. The results of this research can be used to improve the level of awareness of policymakers, people, and families and increase the mental health of the elderly.

One of the main aspects of supporting entrepreneurial activities is studying universities and their surrounding environments in innovation ecosystems, which is necessary to achieve economic development and technological innovations. The innovation ecosystem is a dynamic system and consists of academic, industrial, institutional, scientific, economic and governmental organizations. According to the researchers, there have been many innovations in the health section to enhance their ability to respond to the expectations of patients in terms of life expectancy, reducing costs, increasing the quality of life, improving diagnosis and treatment methods. In the field of health, more than 1425 knowledge-based companies are registered, and more than 800 technological teams are also located in the incubators of Iran's medical sciences universities. Nevertheless, universities of medical sciences are still at the beginning of the path of technology and innovation and moving towards entrepreneurial universities. It is essential that these universities, as one of the main components of the innovation ecosystem, focus remarkably on creating and strengthening their legal, financial, structural and managerial infrastructures in order to promote entrepreneurial culture and skills among their human resources. This is to commercialize knowledge and technology properly to meet the society's health needs. It is obvious that universities are facing many issues in this area, and using best practices, both domestic and foreign, can solve many challenges ahead.

There is increasing evidence that surgical approaches to weight loss (bariatric surgery) are the most effective and steady treatment for morbidly obese patients. This study assessed the nutritional status of obese participants candidates for laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) before and after the surgery.

Our study was conducted on 38 participants aged 18 to 65, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.45 ± 5.68 kg/m2, scheduled for LGP. BMI and Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The mean daily energy intake and microand macronutrients were calculated and compared with the dietary reference intake each time.

The mean excess weight loss was 44.45 ± 9.78%. The mean daily energy intake decreased to one-third of the baseline 6 months after surgery. All patients had a low intake of protein, vitamins A, D, and folic acid before and after LGP. After surgery, over 60% of patients had inadequate vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, calcium, and iron levels.

6 months after LGP, our results demonstrated dietary deficiencies, including inadequate protein and certain micronutrients. Some of these nutritional deficiencies existed before surgery and persisted or worsened after surgery. In order to ensure optimal health before and after surgery, patient care should place a strong emphasis on nutritional counseling and supplementation.

Knowledge and innovation are considered as the most crucial factors in the economic and industrial areas (especially, in this age which includes many changes). Moving towards innovations and making changes in the products and services combinations are considered as the proceedings and operations of the knowledge-based businesses. This type of businesses play an important role in the production efficiency, using knowledge in the new products and services, improving the economic and welfare levels and creating values in the society.

Biostimulants are a variety of compounds of plant and animal origin that are used to improve the quality of plant growth. In this study, which was conducted in 1399, the effect of commercial biostimulant Algabon®, algal biostimulant [seaweed extract (SWE)], and namid (amino acid biostimulant) on the plant Puccinellia distans to reduce the effects of salinity stress by improving growth conditions and absorption of elements micronutrients and macronutrients was assessed. In a factorial design with Algabon® spray (0.5 g / l) and Bonamid® (2 g / l) and salt irrigation [300 mM / l (EC = 27.18 dS/m)] on 45-day-old seedlings grown in pots, experiment was performed. The results showed that the application of this concentration of salinity alone reduced the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, content of macro- and micronutrients of shoots and roots and their transfer factor (TF), decreased bioaccumulation factor (BF) of Cu, Fe, K, Na, P, Mn and Zn and increased of electrolyte leakage (EL) (significant at P < 0.05). Pre-treatment with biostimulants in salinity condition (SC) and non-salinity condition (NSC) reduced the effects of salinity stress in all indicators and Bonamid® in contrast to Algabon®, has better physiological effects on the plant. In general, it seems that biostimulants are also effective in reducing salinity stress in a salinity-compatible halophyte plant, but the method of use and amount of biostimulants need further study.

The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 disease (COVID-19) a pandemic situation. The main aim of this study was investigating mortality of COVID 19 by considering chronic diseases.

this study was conducted as a cross-sectional in which all confirmed cases were examined. The variables considered in this study were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cancers, hypertension, heart diseases, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. Independent sample t test, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to data analysis. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS 16 and significant level was set at 0.05.

Out of 22849 PCR and CT scan tests, 16061 ones were positive. According to the confirmed cases, prevalence of COVID-19 was calculated about 0.019. Also hospital case fatality rate and mortality rate were calculated 156 and about 8.2 per 100000 respectively. Hypertension, and age had significant relationship with morbidity of COVID-19, in other hand, age (OR: 4.51, p<0.001), kidney diseases (OR: 1.84, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.31, p<0.001), cancer (OR: 2.73, p<0.001), liver diseases (OR: 2.27, p<0.001) had impact on mortality of covid-19. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) showed that diabetes mellitus, cancers, kidney diseases, and liver diseases had 4.2, 2.4, 1.3, and 0.2 percent, respectively.

age and some underlying diseases increase odds of death due to COVID-19. It seems that preventing high-risk people from being infected is an effective solution to reduce COVID-19 death rate. To do this, health protocols need to be implemented more seriously for these sensitive groups.

Although most upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are caused by viruses, antibiotics are used for most children with URTIs symptoms in practice. Therefore this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice as one of the leading factors of using antibiotics  in URTIs among mothers with at least one 6 month-6 year child. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The study population consisted of 406 mothers with children aged 6 months to 6 years who had referred to selected comprehensive health centers in Yazd to vaccinate one of their children. Participants were selected through multi-stage sampling. The data was collected using a validated questionnaire with five parts including demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions related to URTIs and antibiotic use in the last three months. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics V22.0 software. A total of 406 mothers participated in the study. Nearly two-third of these participants benefit from a good level of knowledge. Meanwhile, most of them had moderate attitudes (83.7%) and performance levels (67.7%). Most of the 243 (84.5%) mothers reported that they didn't have any arbitrary use of antibiotics for their children’s URTIs during the past three months. In addition, 65.3% stated that they never give antibiotics to their child without a doctor's prescription Although educational interventions to improve the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in the community especially among parents are necessary, performing more KAP studies on physicians regarding the administration of antibiotics in URTIs as well as provision of valid and indigenous guidelines for the optimal administration of antibiotics may be helpful.

The House of Public Participation in Health has been established to attract public participation as one of the principles of primary health care (PHC) and the missing link of socialization of the health system, with the participation of public mediators at both provincial and city levels. Members of the People's Participation Council are representatives of grassroots organizations at the provincial level that transmit health messages to the people and raise the demands of the people in the council with the cooperation of their network mediators, in this way, people can participate in comprehensive health programs.

The phenomenon of hypocrisy is basically defined in the face of the rule of believers. Just as the suppression of the believers has been a tool of oppression against oppressive governments, the hypocrisy of the believers and Muslims and the exercise of political power by the non-believers are driven by non-believers who do not believe in Islam. Or have poor faith. Therefore, the issue of hypocrisy is inherently a political phenomenon that has always been the issue of Islamic societies. The main purpose of this study is to make a comparative study of the behavior of hypocrites from the perspective of contemporary commentators. The method used in this research is a qualitative content analysis of directional type. The technique and method of collecting information is the library. The main question of this research is that according to the views of contemporary commentators, what are the characteristics and components of the vision, tendency, and political behavior of the hypocrites in the Qur'an? Based on the three models of this research hypothesis, it is as follows: The views of contemporary commentators on the political behavior of hypocrites have commonalities and differences. The findings and results of this research show that the hypocrites have an uncoordinated and unbalanced position in terms of vision, inclination, and behavior against the call of divine truth and religion.

The use of centralized registration systems in order to achieve e-government is one of the issues that is being implemented in the Social Security Organization to improve the quality of services. The main purpose of this study was to identify the consequences of implementing a centralized registration system in the Social Security Organization. The research method was descriptive-survey in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was all the insured of the Social Security Organization in the west of Tehran. Using the non-probabilistic approach, 384 insurers were made available in a period of 6 months. A 25-item questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. These questionnaires were approved before the distribution of its validity due to the opinions of technology experts and also its reliability was confirmed by the answers of 30 social security insured persons. SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze the collected data. According to the results, the use of a centralized registration system in the Social Security Organization can accurately identify the needs and requests of clients, filter information, create electronic health records, change the status of different people without face-to-face visits and ultimately client satisfaction.

The main objective of medical education development centers is to improve the quality of medical education. However, after more than two decades since the formation of these centers, they are still facing numerous challenges.

Given the importance of these centers, this study was conducted to identify their challenges.

A qualitative study was carried out in 2013 on 40 managers of Iranian medical education development centers. Data was collected during a national conference held in Tehran in the form of a questionnaire and analyzed using content analysis.

Key challenges of the centers were identified to be resource shortage, continuous modifications in policies, weak management, structural problems, lack of communication, regulatory problems and centralization in decision making. The key challenges were divided into 17 sub-challenges.

Although decades have passed since the formation of medical education development centers, they are still facing serious challenges. To unveil the true potential of these centers in improving the quality of education, integrated interventions were addressed in this study to help reduce identified challenges.

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, disability, and mortality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alcoholic extract of Ziziphora tenuior L (ziziphora) plant on blood glucose and fat profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this study, 40 male wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, diabetic control, experimental group receiving dose 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg of hydoalcholic exctract of ziziphora. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). After 28 days, the extract was gavaged, blood samples were collected and biochemical analysis was performed to determine the levels of glucose, insulin and lipid profiles in the serum. The alcoholic extract of ziziphora consumed three in all doses significantly increased body weight, insulin and decreased blood glucose but did not have a significant effect on cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Oral administration of the hydroalcholic extract of the ziziphora probably leads to a decrease in blood glucose in type 1 diabetic rats by increasing insulin secretion.

Fusarium is one of the most important pathogens of cereals; the fungal infection has increased in recent years due to ecological changes and soil nitrogen content increase. In the current study the effect of cumin oil essence on fusarium verticillioides by molecular method was investigated. The study included 14 isolates, 11 isolates of fusarium verticillioides and 3 Fusarium non verticillioides samples (negative control) were tested. For testing MIC and MFC, the RPMI1640 culture in microplate was used. After a week, the cultured RNA samples using the RNA extraction kit of Fermentas company (Purification Mini Kit GeneJET Plant RNA) was extracted from fungal biomass and the RT-PCR test along with the FUM1 gene was performed. The RT-PCR analysis displayed that FUM1 gene was expressed in fungal samples that were not under the effects of oil essence, but the gene was not expressed in samples after the cumin impact and there was not any band in agarose gel. the B1 fumonisin toxin which was produced by the fungus fusarium verticillioides contains several genes. The gene FUM1was involved toxin gene synthesis pathway of this toxin as the most essential gene.

The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated. Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.

Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ) is a popular tool in assessing food craving which consisted of a trait (FCQ-T) and state (FCQ-S). The aim of the current study was to provide reliability and validity of the Persian version of FCQ-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r 15-items) in overweight and obese women. The subjects were 168 overweight and obese women who were consented to participate. The subjects completed the FCQ-T-r and subsequently, anthropometric, body composition and psychometric assessments performed to assess the inter-correlations and concurrent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis was done to derive the potential factors and internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed. Two weeks later, FCQ-T-r repeated for 126 subjects to assess test-retest reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis of by varimax rotation, show that three principal components were loaded on expected factors. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.90. (0.91, 0.78, and 0.71, for factors). The test–retest analysis shows an acceptable level of reliability ( P=0.001) and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92 between the two administrations. In split-half reliability analysis the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the part 1 was 0.80 and for the part 2 was 0.86. The correlation coefficient between part 1 and part 2 was 0.81. This preliminary study provides evidences in favor of reliability and validity of the Persian version of the FCQ-T-r. In general, the results showed a high level of internal consistency for FCQ-T-r, and none of the 15 items had to be deleted to improve α.

Despite the high prevalence of osteopenia in post-menopausal women, the treatment of osteopenia is controversial. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Pine Bark Extract (PBE) supplementation on bone turnover in postmenopausal osteopenic women.

This randomized double-blind clinical trial will be conducted in postmenopausal osteopenic women in Shariati Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Totally, 44 postmenopausal women with osteopenia were randomly recruited into two study groups; in Pine Bark Extraction supplementation (250 mg/d, n=22) or placebo (n=22). For the demographic data of all subjects, the past medical history which is a recorded measurement of bone turn-over markers (PINP, BAP, CTx and OPG/RANKL) will be determined before and after the intervention.

The research was performed after obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1395.1408), in line with the Helsinki Declaration. Prior to the commencement of the study, a written informed consent form was signed and dated by participants and investigators. The results will be released at the right time.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions which enhance the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. Obesity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. French maritime Pine bark extract (PBE) in addition to its antioxidant properties, has protective effects on metabolic syndrome component through several mechanisms. At present, there are few data on the net impact of PBE on metabolic syndrome factors in obesity. This trial report the results of 2-month period supplementation of 38 obese women received weight loss diet and PBE (150mg/day) or placebo. The metabolic syndrome parameters and body composition were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed PBE has significant protective effects on metabolic syndrome factors including central obesity, TG, HDL, BP and FBS (P

Paraoxonase 1 is known as one of the most important ant oxidative enzymes associated with HDL-c, and because of its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. EPA has the antioxidant, anti inflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EPA supplementation on the serum levels and activity of PON1 in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent randomly was classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo for eight weeks. Blood sample was given for measurement of the serum levels of lipids, the activity of PON1, FBS and HbA1c. The patients supplemented with EPA showed a significant increase in the serum levels and activity of PON1 and the serum ratio of PON1/HDL-c. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline during the intervention, except for a significant increase of protein intake and the levels of HbA1c in the placebo group, and a significant increase of HDL-c, as well as a slight reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. EPA is atheroprotective via increase in the serum levels and activity of PON1, as well as change in the serum levels of lipids, FBS and HbA1c.