فهرست مطالب saeed maham

 In December 2019, a new coronavirus appeared in China, as a cause of acute respiratory disease. Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in children's hospitals are one of the groups who are at a high rate of exposure to COVID-19 patients. The detection of antibodies is useful and helps diagnose late or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most children may present with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be silent sources of infection in the community and hospitals.

 This study was conducted to determine the antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 in Mofid children's hospital staff.

 This cross-sectional study evaluated 475 staff from Mofid children's hospital from April 20 to May 5, 2020, in Tehran. We collected blood samples for the antibody assay with a rapid test kit. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data.

 Of 475 staff who participated in this study, 25 (5.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and/or CT scan. Besides, 140 (29.4%) of them were positive for IgM and/or IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

 The seropositivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among children's hospital staff was higher than expected. Approximately 5% of the participants were diagnosed as definitive positive COVID-19 cases by PCR and/or CT scan, but 29.4% of them were seropositive. The difference is a warning, as it shows seropositive people could be silent sources of transmission during asymptomatic infection.

Experience with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) resolution differs in different centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics and outcome of VUR among Iranian children.Patients and In this cohort study, 1278 children with urinary tract infection (UTI) who were visited at the pediatric nephrology clinic; Tehran, IR Iran during 1999 to 2007 were studied. Following the diagnosis, patients received prophylactic low-dose oral antibiotic and one to two yearly follow-ups with Radionuclide Cystography (RNC). Patients underwent surgery in case of breakthrough infection or new renal scar formation. Vesicoureteral reflux was found in 533 patients (42%) with a mean age of 6.3± 3.6 years (Range 2 days to 18 years), out of which 436 (82%) were females. During 3.3 ± 2.2 years follow-up, spontaneous resolution was observed in 109 (39%) of 279 patients with follow-up RNCs. Mean time to spontaneous resolution was 1.5 ± 1 years. Frequencies of VUR grades at initial investigation were 18%, 37%, 26%, 11% and 8% for grades I to V respectively, and 46% had bilateral VUR. Grades I to V resolved in 63%, 57%, 27%, 22% and 10%, respectively. Anti reflux surgery was performed in 27(10%) of patients. Two handred fourty nine patients proceeded to follow-up with Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan. There were 4 (4%) renal scars in patients with spontaneous resolution and 8 (5%) renal scars in patients without spontaneous resolution of VUR (P > 0.05). According to the excellent results with medical therapy, it is recommended that VUR grades 1 to 4 be managed medically with low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis and close follow-ups.

This study was done to identify patient satisfaction about the way in which bad news is transferred to patients with malignancy. 48.7% of caretakers and 56% of patients were satisfied with the information provided by the health personnel. 54.6% respondents in the Children’s hospital and 74% in the Cancer Institute expressed satisfaction with the manner in which the news about the disease had been conveyed to them. 96% of patients in the Cancer Institute and 80.3% of parents in the children’s hospital agreed that the way in which the bad news about their disease or their child’s illness was broken to them, conformed to their ethical standards.

On the base of relation between oropharyngeal colonization of bacterial pathogens and etiology of invasive and noninvasive pediatric diseases, we evaluated their prevalence and relationship between them. The colonized bacteria in oropharynx of 296 children between 2-6 years old from 7 day care centers of Tehran were isolated and determined by specific diagnostic tests. Prevalence rates of bacterial colonization include Streptococcus pneumoniae (32.4 %), Haemophilus influenzae (23.9%), Moraxella catarrhalis (13.5%), Neisseria meningitides (12.1%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.7%). Our study showed the reverse relationship between colonization rate of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and between Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzue. Determination of colonized bacteria in oropharynx of healthy children and relationship between them can be helpful to find the ways to interfere with their colonization and prevention of diseases due to them.