saeed rezaei fard

Gamma ray interactions with materials is a non-destructive method, which can be used for obtaining useful information such as the densities of the materials. In this work, the Monte Carlo Neutron – Photon (MCNP) code was used to simulate a block composed of sedimentary rocks with four holes (wells) so that each hole contained a detector. Then, by placing a Cs137 source in one of the holes and adding various percentages of water and oil to the sedimentary constituents of the block, the contrast value for the output and scattered gamma rays was obtained by the response function of the detector inside each of the wells. The response function of the detector in front of the source is greater than that of the other detectors. The obtained contrast in the block containing sedimentary rocks with forty percent of oil in the first to fourth holes is -219.10, -354.85, -174.75 and -197.30, respectively, and the contrast for the case of water in the first to fourth holes is -198.31, -330.87, -167.73 and -185026, respectively. Given the fact that by digging several holes either for the scattered or crossed gamma, one can obtain a better location for the detector position. It is also clear from the calculated valuesthat the contrast obtained from the second hole (that is in front of the source) is greater than the rest of the contrasts. However, due to the quantity D, the first hole is superior to the rest, because it can be distinguished from minerals by the percentage of materialsin the soil.

In the field of nuclear physics, the use of gamma rays is an important and practical method. This method is used in various industries such as oil and gas production, mining and quarrying, environmental monitoring and so on. The technology of using gamma rays is based on the interaction of the beams with materials. The three main phenomena are the interaction of gamma rays with photoelectric material, Compton scattering, and pair- production phenomena. Due to its very high sensitivity, activation analysis has become an important and applicable tool in various fields ranging from science and engineering to industry, mineral exploration, medicine, etc. One of the biggest advantages of analyzing by this activation method is that it can detect most isotopes with very high sensitivity. In this research, different simulations have been carried out on sedimentary rocks in order to find a suitable method for exploration of oil reservoirs. These simulations are performed in three different states and by comparing the results obtained in each case, the best results are selected to explore the oil reservoirs. 

Methodology and Approaches:

The Monte Carlo method is a class of computational algorithms that rely on random iterative sampling to calculate their results. To use this method, a structured input file must be provided, including problem information such as geometry, material type, source, output type, and so on. The code, based on this method, solves the problem using input file information and the crosssection library and generates the results in an output file. In the simulations by this code, a cubic block of about 2 meters is considered to be a type of sedimentary rocks, oil, gas, water and a combination of these rocks with water, gas or oil. The simulated cavity has a depth of 180 cm and a radius of 7.62 cm. A 2-inch NaI (Tl) detector is inserted into the specified hole.

According to the obtained results, it is possible to detect and identify the oil reservoirs and to separate the oil reservoirs from the gas and water reservoirs. The advantage of using this method is that due to the minimal amount of energy required for carbon interactions of 18.7 MeV, there is no need to investigate existing sources in nature, since the maximum energy emitted by these sources is less than 18.7 MeV. Thus, the sources in nature do not cause any disruption in the measurements.