saeed vedadi kalantar

Increasing the peak of electricity network in summer leads to power outages in industries and residential sectors, the most obvious example of which was power outages in the summer of 2018. Due to the high cost of power plant capacity development ($ 500 per kilowatt), demand-side management is the most important strategy to reduce the grid peak. In this study, the effect of behavioral parameters in reducing the peak of the power grid with the help of bottom-up modeling has been identified. Behavioral simulation in this study has been performed with the help of time use data of the Statistics Center of Iran. In this plan, 4228 urban households have been surveyed and the quality of people's behavior in each time step of 15 minutes during the day and night has been determined with 2 deterministic and stochastic approaches. In the stochastic approach, the Markov chain method is used. In this study, scenarios based on household comfort temperature have been developed. The results of the present study indicate that with the flexibility of cooling electricity consumption due to the presence of people in the house and the desired comfort temperature, it is possible to reduce the peak of the electricity network between 70 and 134 MW (equivalent to $ 65 million to build new power plant capacity). It is equal to 10% of the cooling peak of Tehran electricity network. With the spread of this 10% reduction to the whole country, about 6,000 MW (equivalent to $ 3 billion to create a new power plant capacity) the country's peak network has been reduced and the blackout crisis can be easily controlled.

The demand increasing for electricity during the peak of the electricity grid led to several blackouts in the summer of 1397 . Reduction of investment in the power plant sector due to unprincipled privatization of power plants, failure to implement the next phases of the plan to target subsidies and non-payment of the difference between the obligatory and cost price leading to government Reduced electricity production. Cooling loads increase network loads in summer compared to other seasons. Considering that 65% of the country's buildings use water coolers, one of the ways to control the growth of the peak load of the national electricity grid is to increase the energy efficiency of water coolers. In this study with the help of bottom-up engineering modeling and behavioral functions, As the efficiency of water coolers increases from G to A, B and C, the peak of Tehran's electricity grid peak decreases by 21.08, 19.83 and 17.72%, respectively. This strategic act is effective in the efficiency of cooling equipment, as much as 2.5 years of the budget for the development of the country's power plant capacity. This study, while investigating the estimation of the effective cooling load in the peak of Tehran's electricity network, has estimated the effect of increasing the efficiency of the most widely used cooling equipment (water cooler) in the peak of Tehran's electricity network. The achievement can be used as a tool for better peak policy and, consequently, to prevent a blackout crisis.

The beginning of the political crisis in Syria, each regional and trans-regional actors have adopted different policies based on their interests and goals in relation to this country. Syria is an exceptional issue for countries in the region and the world's powers like the United States of America, and any transformation in that form might have a fundamental impact on the interests of each of these regional and global powers. Turkey as a regional power and the United States has always been present in the Syrian crisis as a regional power based on its interests. But the United' support of the present groups in Syria has sought to fight ISIS extremists, which Turkey has called for terrorist groups to reduce the US and Turkey relations. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method and using documentation sources to provide a theoretical framework, the question of why Turkey is against United States about the Syrian Kurdish issue? This study investigates the presence of United States in Syria and the support of Kurdish groups, as well as the reaction that Turkey and Iran have been involved in. The findings of this article indicate that the United States support the Kurdish groups in northern Syria has led to conflict of interest between the two countries.

The issue of financing is one of the key sections of the implementation of infrastructure projects, especially in cases where the government does not have enough ability to finance these projects. One example of these projects for Iran is the renovation of public lighting system. In this research at first, different models of financing of infrastructure projects was studied. In these models, financing can be provided by the government, the private sector, energy service companies, or a combination of these. In each model, the financial, technical and political risks of project implementation are also divided between different sectors. In the following, three samples of street lighting renovation projects implemented in India, Britain and the Philippines have been investigated and finally, two models that they are appropriate for Iran to renovate the lighting system (i.e. replacing LED lamps with existing old street lamps) by financing with electricity charges or with Article 12 of the elimination of production barriers law, and the considerations of each item are stated.

In this research, after reviewing the history of the two pipelines of TAPI and IPI, and examining the conditions of the energy market, especially natural gas in both India and Pakistan, the behavior of these two countries has been analyzed in relation to the two pipelines of TAPI and IPI with the game theory approach. In this section, taking into account the income from natural gas imports and its costs, both economic and political, for both India and Pakistan, by adopting a single-stage, sequential game with complete information, the strategic behavior of the two countries concerning the TAPI and IPI pipeline has been modeled. The final result was explained using the maximin principle and the result of the model is that the choice of both pipelines, TAPI and IPI, for both India and Pakistan is the point of equilibrium. In the coming years, these two countries will need a lot of natural gas to generate economic growth and domestic demand. India, as one of the five emerging economies in the international economy and member of the BRICS group, needs a lot of fossil energy carriers, especially natural gas. The gap between the supply and demand of natural gas in Pakistan is estimated at 40 billion cubic meters in 2020 according to the country's Institute for Petroleum Studies, which is consistent with the model of the choice of both TAPI and IPI pipelines. Another important feature of IPI is its stability in the long time, which can resolve the need for India and Pakistan over the years. Despite the fact that the Western governments, especially the United States, did not support the IPI pipeline and impose political costs on both countries of India and Pakistan, but taking into account these political costs, the IPI pipeline will be a serious option for supplying natural gas for these two countries; Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran should stop the Media hegemony of the Western countries by emphasizing the economic overcoming of the IPI pipeline over its political costs.

In this research, the net energy import dependency index of energy imports for the world and Iran’s markets have been used to establish a criterion to analyze conditions of Iran’s natural gas and oil exports. NEID Index is one of the most popular and most widely used indexes in energy supply and security demand studies. There are various forms of this index due to energy and market studies. In the current research, we used the index to investigate three energy markets of China, India and the European Union. We provide a detailed description of the conditions of selected energy markets and the significance of them in delineating the amount of global energy demand. Next, a scenario has been developed for each market. Considering various energy carriers, the amount of NEID index on energy imports of each market are computed in 2015, and in horizon 2020 and 2030. Having analyzed the quantity of indexes of each market on three-time horizons indicate that dependency on India imports is more than China and the European Union in 2020, and 2030. Moreover, it will become more dependent on India imports over time. On the other hand, despite the fact that EU has lowest energy dependency in 2015, it will have passed through China and gain the most degree of dependency on energy imports in comparison to India. The acts of Iran’s energy exports in line with priorities of NEID index to imports of important global energy markets, can be the first step towards good policy-making of oil and natural gas exports.

In this study, the optimal design of a hybrid system including solar collectors and Geothermal pumps to provide heating load of a building with technical and economic point of view hase been investigated. The performance of the various components of the system has been adjusted so that in addition to preheating the evaporator inlet fluid and setting this temperature to the ideal, coefficient of performance of heat pumps has also increased. First, optimal system has been evaluated technically and economically and optimal design with technical and economic considerations have been selected. selected model has 3.9 average performance factor for heat pumps, 30.375 square meters for collector area and 472.5 meters for pipes length (5 wells with 47.5 feet and the U-shaped tubes series were used). system Overall costs have been calculated, US $ 85,680 by minimizing the economic costs as the objective function and transferring the operational costs to the base year.

The promotion of oil and gas industry of a country or region requires foreign and longterm investments. Ensuring demand security constitutes one of the major driving forces for promoting investments in oil and gas sectors. Our main question is to understand the upcoming Energy demand security in the Caspian markets. Just like supply security, energy demand security cannot be affected mainly by regional economic logic, but a combination
of various factors is involved; for this reason, we have developed Combined Criteria for our study. We have selected the year 2015 as the recent past and 2030 as the long-term time scale to investigate the circumstances of the Caspian markets. The Combined Criteria findings reveal that Iranian and Russian swap markets would provide better conditions for demand security in the Caspian region than do China, India and European Union markets. China, European Union and India hold the second place . The European Union market is expected to surpass China in ensuring natural gas security demand in 2030.