فهرست مطالب saeedeh mazinanian

To a great extent, cyberspace has managed to create a new world. This online phenomenon contains cultural, social, economic and legal aspects. In the meantime, even though there have been detailed discussions about the basics and principles of the cyberspace framework around the world, the theoretical background of this phenomenon still proves fragile. Accordingly, the present research examines the problems arising from the normative order in cyberspace, namely legal tools, and the problems that arise when applying for this normative order in the "real" world. As a result, these problems become a challenge facing the process of adapting to the growing information technology. In fact, the existing framework, which covers national laws and some multilateral treaties, fails to provide us with appropriate "tools" in dealing with cyber-relations. One of the significant problems in overcoming current tensions to "apply" existing legal norms in cyberspace is that even new theoretical approaches do not make adequate efforts to institutionalize technological advances in the international system. This research intends to introduce and discuss the capability of implementing various legal concepts for regulatory processes in cyberspace, using the interdisciplinary approach - public law and economics.

In the last few decades, transferring of money had been through A T M (automatic transferring money) or business card because of its security issues. Beforehand, the transferring of money from one account to another account in companies or institutions had been via transmission. Nowadays, however, electronic system and huge classified institutions among them Swift and others are branches of electronic net payment. Since the basic aim of Swift is transferring messages to facilitate bank operations, the members of Swift not only did use this net for sending messages which is related to transferring of money, but also they used this net for facilitating currency operations, bank interest, and securities transactions In this paper, we will try to introduce Swift (international financial institution) and its services and advantages as well as its structure.