فهرست مطالب saeid gholami

Among the verses subject to various views and opinions for commentators are the first ones in Isra` dealing with two cases of perverseness of Israe`il`s sons. On the fact that what those cases were, who are those subject to the two Divine promises and who are those opposing the perverseness in each stage, various views have been given. In the paper, different views and cases under the verse have been studied at first and then the authors, describing the grounds of the Divine promises, relying on the lack of synonymity in the compound ibadan lana, mentioning some narrations of pure Imams and matching them with the happenings of the day, explains that the first promise is now actualizing and the second would be actualized when Imam Mahdi Appears.

Worldview and ideology of Islam is one of the main factors in shaping of Islamic cities which is related with Iranian thinking. It is formed Iranian-Islamic urban planning pattern in each settlement complex. In fact, Islamic city has a constant nature in which it has its own physical manifestation at any particular time and place. In other words, Islamic city has a potential nature in which it can have its own particular manifestation based on technology, available materials, updated knowledge and art in Public cultural space (Which is not in conflict with Islamic values and principles) at any time and place. So, Islamic city is a concept that numerous researchers have done different studies to achieve it. While providing a model of quarter space is existing concern in this field. Hence Iranian - Islamic model of quarter refers to systematic maps of the predetermined spaces in the quarter level according to the physical situation. The model is based on three basic elements including mosque oriented, quarter oriented and market. This study aimed to recognize the physical characteristics of Iranian - Islamic cities and provide a spatial pattern of the quarter and its structure based on the Islam principles Such as monotheism, prophet hood and resurrection in Iran cities. This study considers the assumption of identifying city quarter’s design aspects in Islamic period to apply considered principles in spatial designing quarters. Land army barracks quarter in Zanjan city is used as a case study. Research Methodology in This study is Development type with application approach which the text and content analysis is used to analyze the data. The results show that the use of the mosque as a multi-faced land use is associated directly with monotheism and indirectly with the resurrection. Its physical manifestation in city indicates Islamic-Iranian identity. The results show that in Islamic-Iranian cities building blocks associated with quarter scale, mosque relation with quarter spatial structure, quarter tissue relation with topography, surrounding spaces relation with mosques, central quarter religious pattern, blocks’ size, gridded streets, privacy and covering principles in designing are basic factors in designing spatial quarters. All these factors are parts of Islamic factors which can be applied in Land army barracks town in Zanjan as suitable design pattern. On the other hand, placement of services use with mosque-oriented can establish a collective space and social relations regulated with a focus on Islam. Finally Data existed in Isfahan school and data gathered in this study can be considered simultaneously (amalgamated) in order to be conformed to Islam principles and be used in cities quarters design. According to analysis and obtained results of the research case study can be stated which showing the Iranian – Islamic urban planning principles that effect of Iranian - Islamic schools such Isfahan school in the city quarters physical, explain and demonstrate thevarious aspects of Islam religion and its crystallization in the cities which it is reinforcement and giving identity to the Iranian and Islamic culture and thoughts in Iran urban s ystems and urban planning.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been utilized in numerous aspects of medicine since its introduction and development in 1970s. There has been a rapid improvement in imaging techniques and radiotracers in the last decade, which have enhanced the quality of PET in different biomedical research domains and patient care settings. In this editorial we will discuss applications of PET-computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as other radiotracers in different variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, inflammatory and systemic diseases and review new concepts applicable to this imaging modality.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of school teachers regarding root canal therapy (RCT) in Kerman, Iran. 403 teachers participated in this study (49.9% were female and 46.9% were male). Data collection was performed by a researcher-made questionnaire. After checking the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was distributed among teachers. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic information, knowledge, and attitude. To analyze data, descriptive statistic and inferential analysis were done by two-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Mean scores of knowledge questions regarding RCT in men and women were 57.23% and 48.97% (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, mean scores of the attitude of men and women were 70.53% and 71.07%, respectively (P > 0.05). In the knowledge part, it was shown that education level influences the knowledge of the participants being studied (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the amount of knowledge and attitude (P > 0.05). The knowledge level of the school teachers was moderate and their attitude was good.

Tinnitus is associated with an increased activity in central auditory system as demonstrated by neuroimaging studies. Brain perfusion scanning using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was done to understand the pattern of brain blood perfusion of tinnitus subjects and find the areas which are mostly abnormal in these patients. A number of 122 patients with tinnitus were enrolled to this cross-sectional study. They underwent SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain, and the images were fused to find the regions with abnormal perfusion. SPECT scan results were abnormal in 101 patients (83%). Most patients had bilateral abnormal perfusion (N = 65, 53.3%), and most subjects had abnormality in middle-temporal gyrus (N = 83, 68%) and temporoparietal cortex (N = 46, 37.7%). Patients with multifocal involvement had the least mean age than other 2 groups (patients with no abnormality and unifocal abnormality) (P value = 0.045). Brain blood perfusion pattern differs in patient with tinnitus than others. These patients have brain perfusion abnormality, mostly in auditory gyrus (middle temporal) and associative cortex (temporoparietal cortex). Multifocal abnormalities might be due to more cognitive and emotional brain centers involvement due to tinnitus or more stress and anxiety of tinnitus in the young patients.

The pulsatility index (PI) shows continuous blood flow to the end organs and is a significant factor believed to decrease in aortic coarctation. Correction of this factor is of great importance in the treatment of stenotic lesions of the aorta. However, there are minimal data regarding the trend of changes in the PI after stent implantation. Furthermore, the association between the PI and other echocardiographic indices in patients undergoing stent implantation is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate changes in the PI following stenting and its correlation with other echocardiographic indices. Twenty-three patients with a diagnosis of aortic coarctation consecutively underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic imaging modalities twice (before and after stenting). The patients were divided into two groups based on the percentage of increase in the PI after stenting (< 50% or ≥ 50%). The relation between the post-stenting PI and the baseline echocardiographic indices was assessed. The PI was increased from 0.89 (SD = 0.30) to 1.75 (SD = 0.51) after stenting (p value < 0.001). Baseline diastolic/systolic velocity (D/S velocity) ratio of the abdominal aorta (p value = 0.013), mean velocity (p value = 0.033), and peak gradient of the descending aorta (p value = 0.033) were significantly higher in the patients with ≥ 50% increase in the PI after stenting. Our findings showed that elevation in the PI after stenting was a predictable criterion in patients with aortic coarctation: it was predicted by some baseline clinical and echocardiographic indices. Baseline D/S ratio velocity of the abdominal aorta, mean velocity and peak gradient of the descending aorta, and baseline systolic blood pressure were the statistically significant indices to predict ≥ 50% increase in the PI in our patients.