فهرست مطالب sahar sabooteh

The present study aims at designing and evaluating the effect of new educational media‑based educational intervention on students’ stages of behavior change of physical activity. SUBJECTS AND

In the present interventional study, 225 students of medical sciences university were assigned into two experimental and one control groups using proportional stratified random sampling, where web‑based and software‑based educational interventions were used. Data were collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Marcus’s stages of change scales, and a self‑made questionnaire including constructs of barriers, benefits, and self‑efficacy. Evaluation was conducted through pretest and posttest and immediate and 2 and 6 months of follow‑ups after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Chi‑square, Friedman, one‑way ANOVA, and ANOVA with repeated measure.

Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups before the intervention (P = 0.37); however, immediately and 2 and 6 months after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of stages of change (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the experimental group, the educational intervention led to improvement of individuals in the stages of change of physical activity. At 6‑month follow‑up, 75.4% of the software group and 60.6% of the web group achieved the maintenance stage.

The results suggest that designing intervention based on people’s level of preparation for changing behavior and using new educational methods such as web and software were effective on individuals’ progress in different stages of change of physical activity behavior and physical activity rate.

Elderly people with low levels of health literacy, as one of the most at-risk groups, have some problems regarding the perception of information related to their health. This study was conducted with the aim of determining health literacy status in elderly population of Dorood, Iran. This cross sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 220 elderly people referring to health centers in Dorood in 2017. The sampling method was first stratified random sampling. To collect information, the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) was used as self-report. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The mean age of participants in this study was 66.29 ± 7.57 years. The results of this study showed that the mean of health literacy score in the subjects was56.45± 19.9 from 100 and the health literacy of 57.2% of the elderly was insufficient. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between health literacy with age, education level and income (p <0.05). The health literacy of elderlies is low in Dorood and the level of inadequate health literacy is less common in people with older ages, lower education, and lower income levels.

According to investigations, pregnant women hypothesized that anxiety is a common factor that will improve spontaneously; they are not aware of its side effects on the fetus, baby, and pregnancy outcome, as a whole. Other studies have also not tried to design a theoretical framework based on Health Education Models (HBMs) to overcome this problem. The current study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of education on the anxiety of nulliparous women based on a HBM.

An experimental study on 88 eligible nulliparous women (n = 44 per group), from Doroud city, was performed in 2012. The data was collected using a researcher made questionnaire. Education was conducted in three sessions tailored with HBM constructs with the help of lectures, group discussions, inquiries, Power Point presentations, and booklets. Evaluation performed using a posttest four and eight weeks after last session. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests, including Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measure Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by the significance level of 0.05.

The mean score of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, self efficacy, and behavior, four weeks after intervention (P < 0.001) and eight weeks after intervention (P < 0.001) were significantly more in the case group Than the control group. ANOVA with repeated measures showed a significant increase in the case group in knowledge (from 32.1 to 89.1), perceived sensitivity (from 34.8 to 91.5), perceived severity (from 31.82 to 88.48), perceived benefits (from 39.28 to 92.41), perceived barriers (from 26.93 to 88.61), cues to action (from24.65 to 92.03), self efficacy (from 29.71 to 88.75), and behavior (from 28.83 to 94.63). Changes were not significant in the control group.

The effect of HBM and education on increasing knowledge and changing people’s beliefs and behavior, in terms of anxiety based pregnancy, should make health planners and authorities pay more attention to these issues. Moreover, it will help in the betterment of the health of mothers and babies

Background and According to investigations, not considering the side effects of anxiety on a fetus, baby and pregnancy outcomes, as a result of lack of proper training and adequate information in terms of pregnancy common cares, pregnant women hypothesize anxiety as a common sense that will be improved spontaneously. So present study was aimed at evaluating effectiveness of education on anxiety among primiparous women based on Health Belief Model (HBM). An experimental (interventional) study matched with two randomized group. using pre-test and post-test on the 88 eligible primiparous women(n = 44 per group) was performed. Data were gathered by using a researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed. Education was conducted in three sessions (1hour for each one) tailored with HBM constructs, using lectures, group discussions, inquiries, PowerPoints and booklets. Evaluation was included implementing post-test, 4 and 8 weeks after last education session. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS (ver.20) software, using fallowing statistical test including Chi-square, Independent T-test and repeated measure one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant level was taken less than 0.05. The achieved results indicate that the averages of age, education, job status and income were not significantly different for both groups (p>0.05).In our study, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy and individuals performance, 4 weeks after intervention (p<0.001) and 8 weeks after intervention (p<0.001) had significantly more magnitudes in case group compared to control group. After intervention, repeated measure Anova also showed a significant increase in case group regarding knowledge (from 32.1 to 89.1), perceived sensitivity (from 34.8 to 91.5), perceived severity (from 31.82 to 88.48), perceived benefits (from 39.28 to 92.41), perceived barriers (from 26.93 to 88.61), cues to action (from 24.65 to 92.03), self-efficacy (from 29.71 to 88.75) and person performance (from 28.83 to 94.63) in significant level of p<0.001. While, there was not observed significant change in control group (p<0.05). According to achieved results which indicate meaningful effects of education on increasing the knowledge of pregnancy and common cares, changing people beliefs and performances in terms of pregnancy anxiety based on HBM and also considering the fact that increasing mother and babies health level leads to higher health level for families and societies, it is expected that health planners and authorities must show more respect to this issues,

Since, midwifery plays a pivotal role in terms of both family and social health, and increase their job satisfaction will result in augmented care and medical services quality delivered to both susceptible groups named mothers and infants as well as family health and satisfaction, then attention to their heath and job satisfaction seems critical. Therefore; the current study was aimed at exploring midwifery job satisfaction who works in maternity. This study is cross-sectional. In total, 106 selected randomly midwifery working in maternities of Isfahan city interred the study. Data gathering method was job satisfaction questionnaire (JDI) including (55 questions) that was created by smith, Kendal and haleen and its validity and reliability was previously confirmed in other surveys. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and descriptive and analytical (Pierson and spearman correlation, one-way ANNOVA and independent t-test) statistical tests. Significance level was also taken into account less than 0.05. Results shown that score mean of midwifery job satisfaction is 44.75±16.43 (considered from 100), job satisfaction was classified as 23.8% low, 69.5%moderate and 6.7% high. The utmost satisfaction was supervisor satisfaction (61.9%) and the most grievances were both salary (83.8%) and job elation (57.1%). There was a significant relationship between total job satisfactions with all that aspects. In this study, also there was no significant relationship between total job satisfactions with factors including age, job experience, education and marital status. Although; there was a statistical significant relationship between total job satisfaction with salary and employment status (P<0.05). This survey maintained that only a few percent of midwifery working in maternity have high job satisfaction, therefore; it is recommended that authorities’ causes increase job satisfaction, qualified work place for midwifery and a pleasure place for patients and individuals using approaches including work place improvement, increase salary, making a chance for job elation and supportive instructions.

Pregnancy is a unique experience for woman and her family. Beside her body Physiological changes in pregnancy influence emotion of pregnant woman. Therefore, emotion of mother has changed which is result in anxiety feeling. According to unfavorable impact of anxiety on mother, fetus and outcome of pregnancy, this study designed to consider anxiety in nuliparous women based on HBM constructs. This is a cross- sectional study. Study population was 88 randomly selected women from Dourood health centers. Data gathering tool was a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire. Gathered information were analyzed with independent T test, Pearson and spearman correlation and ANOVA statistical tests using SPSS -20 software in P<0.05 significant level. This study results showed that, the mean score of knowledge of pregnant women regarding anxiety was 31.1± 24.05. In case of HBM constructs, the mean scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self- efficacy, cues to action and behavior were: 35.5±29.90, 29.03±29.36, 42.49 ±26.44, 24.24±31.38, 30.07±31.94, 22.22±33.09, and 29.88±40.21 respectively. Results of this study showed low scores in knowledge and HBM constructs and behavior of pregnant women regarding anxiety. To consider of anxiety in pregnancy because of its different and severe side effects, it is recommended that, related stakeholders try to design and implement educational programs based on HBM to decrease anxiety in pregnant women.

Job stress is one of the most leading factors causing physical and mental symptoms as well as midwives job discontent and it will consequently lead to decrease service quality. As mental and physical health of midwives can affect the health of mothers and babies directly and indirectly، thus، current study is aimed to explore the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction of midwives who working in maternities of Isfahan city. This study was cross- sectional survey. Population was 106 midwives who were working in maternities of Isfahan city. Data was collected by questionnaire، moreover; data was analyzed by SPSS (ver. 20)، descriptive and inferential statistical test including One- Way ANOVA، Pearson Correlation، Spearman Correlation and Independent t-test. It maintained that the mean of midwives job stress score was 41 ±25. 8 (from 100 score) and the mean of job satisfaction score was 44. 75±16. 43. Pearson Correlation statistical test showed significant reverse relationship between job stress and job satisfaction of midwives (p<0. 001، r=-0. 806). There was also a significant relationship between job stress and numerous aspects of job satisfaction (p<0. 05). There was not significant correlation among job stress and job satisfaction with demographic characteristics considering age، marital status، job experience and education. The findings suggest that planners of health organizations should be used appropriate strategies strive to decrease stress، prevent mental and physical effects in midwives and increase job satisfaction. Aforementioned steps will lead probably to both increase efficacy of health organizations and quality of services to mothers and babies that can be mentioned as two at risk groups.