sahar shafiee

Throughout history, the design of urban facades has been considered one of the inseparable components of architecture. Architecture and facades are intertwined elements, and addressing a part of these elements can represent architectural styles in specified time intervals. The historical importance of Tabriz has led many researchers to focus more on the historical aspect of the city and its history. However, by entering the modern world and structural changes in Tabriz, more research must be done, especially in architecture and the structure of the urban shell. Knowing how architecture evolves reveals existing gaps. Also, failure to recognize the effects of time changes in architectural works will cause further damage in future architecture. The purpose of paying attention to the facades of buildings in a specific period in this research is to know the design process and to get familiar with the developments created in the city and the landscape. However, with the increase in construction, many valuable buildings have been destroyed, and studying what has been in the past has become more complex. However, the use of existing archives, the preparation of images, and the analysis of the status quo analytically is a descriptive analysis of the methods used in this article. Finally, the developments of urban facades, along with the time and architectural characteristics of that period, are presented as relevant tables.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, and a complex endocrine metabolic disorder that one of its main complications is diabetic foot ulcers. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are one of the key enzymes in the reconstruction of extracellular matrix which have proteolytic activity. The aim of this research is based on evaluating relationship between -1562 C>T allele at MMP-9 gene promoter with diabetic foot ulcer in type II diabetic patients. If such correlation proves, it can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with high-risk.
This is a case-control study. The single nucleotide polymorphism of -1562C>T allele of MMP9 gene promoter was genotyped by hit Tetra ARMS PCR technique in 100 diabetic patients with foot ulcer grade 1 or 2 as the case group according Wagner classification and in 100 diabetic patients without foot ulcer as the control group.
The Chi-square test revealed significant difference in genotype frequency of CC, CT and TT alleles of -1562C>T allele of MMP9 gene promoter between case and control groups (P=0.000).
According to this study, there is a relationship between -1562C>T allele of MMP9 gene promoter with diabetic foot ulcer in type2 diabetes patients. Thus we can introduce this biomarker for evaluation of risk and prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers.