sajjad rahimi pordanjani

Brucellosis is one of the common diseases between humans and animals. We aimed to assess the annual incidence rate, the geographical distribution of Malta fever using GIS and its time trend.

This was an ecology study carried out in exploratory mixed design. The study population was the individuals with brucellosis in Iran during the years2009-2018. Data analysis has been done using Joinpoint regression analysis and GIS at a significant level of α = 0.05.

The average annual incidence rate of the disease rate was 19.91 per one hundred thousand people. The trend of the changes in the incidence between 2009 and 2018 has increased and the Annual Average Per-cent Change increased by 4.6%. However, a joinpoint was observed in 2014 and the incidence has changed sig-nificantly at this point in time, so that the annual incidence of the disease has increased more strongly between 2009 and 2014 (APC=17.1%) and then from 2014 to 2018, the incidence of the disease has decrease (APC=-9.2%). The spatial distribution showed that the western and northwestern provinces have high incidence rate, but the northern and southern provinces have low incidence rate.

The incidence of brucellosis in Iran is higher than in developed countries and similar to develop-ing countries. Ten-year trend of disease incidence increased slightly, but it has decreased in recent years. It is necessary to improve the surveillance system and increase facilities for prevention and treatment in the high-risk areas including the west and northwest of Iran. 

 Insufficient mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and delayed engraftment are reported in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). The aim if this study was to identify and introduce predictive factors for mobilization and engraftment.

 The participants include AHSCT candidates. Pre-apheresis CD34+ cells and CD34+ count per kilogram (CD34+ CPK) in the apheresis products were assessed by flow cytometry. There were other parameters connected to platelet and neutrophil engraftment as well as mobilization by granulocyte-stimulating growth factor (G-CSF). Univariate, multivariate, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used in the statistical study.

 The predictive value of CD34+ CPK for platelet engraftment was fair (AUC: 76.9%) with the cut-off of 3.5×106, while it was poor for neutrophil engraftment (AUC: 64.4%) with the cut-off of 3.4×106. The multiple-variate analysis demonstrated that age and CD34+ CPK were positively correlated with platelet engraftment (p-values less than 0.01 and 0.005, respectively), while CD34+ CPK and total dose of infused G-CSF (TDIG) were associated with neutrophil engraftment (p-values: 0.03). In high rates, the TDIG correlated negatively with CD34+ CPK, CD34+ cell counts in pre-apheresis peripheral blood samples, and total engraftment, indicating negative effects of high and long-term doses of G-CSF on mobilization and engraftment.

 The management of AHSCT will be more efficient by considering the age, CD34+ CPK, and TDIG. For enhanced engraftment, adjusting the G-CSF injection days for <4 days and total dose of G-CSF on <4000 micrograms are suggested.

 Although the effect of drug addiction on suicide attempts has been extensively studied, not enough attention has been paid to the role of family members’ drug addiction in women’s suicide attempts.

 The present study aimed to examine the impact of drug addiction in the family on women’s suicide attempts.

 This case-control study was conducted on 220 women, aged 15 - 65 years, with a history of suicide attempts, as well as 220 control women without a history of suicide attempts in Golestan, Iran, during 2020. Demographic characteristics, as well as data pertaining to drug abuse and mental health variables, were collected. Firth’s penalized logistic regression method was used for multivariate analysis and modeling, and the area under the curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were measured to determine the added diagnostic value.

 The AUC increased by 4.6% by adding the variable of “addiction in the family” to the model, which consisted of variables, including the blood group, education level, living area, tobacco smoking, and experience of suicidal thoughts. Besides, the NRI was equal to 0.61.

 Drug addiction in the family is an effective factor for suicide attempts in women. Consequently, women whose parents or partners are drug addicts are at a higher risk of suicide attempts.

The most important step in controlling smoking is to know the factors related to smoking. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking and factors related to smoking among students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. In the present study, subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through a valid questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression in SPSS version 24.0 at a significance level of P < 0.05.

In the present study, the prevalence of smoking and history of the consumption of narcotics was determined to be 19.2% and 69.2%, respectively. The most important factor related to smoking was unemployment (31.25%) but the main motivation for smoking was entertainment (31.25%). According to the results of logistic regression analysis, it can be said that male gender (OR = 9.25), being non-native (OR = 13.01), living in a rented house (OR = 15.96), Kurdish ethnicity (OR = 6.94), having a smoking father (OR = 4.42), and having a smoking mother (OR = 25.5) were the most important risk factors for smoking among students.

Given the high prevalence of smoking and awareness of factors related to smoking among medical sciences students as messengers of health, providing the amenities and comfort, holding workshops on life skills, and establishing consulting centers are necessary to decrease the social and medical burden of smoking.

The onset of mental disorders usually begins in childhood and carries a high individual and collective burden. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, mortality, and burden of neurological disorders in children during the years 1990-2019 in Iran.

This study is a correlational analytical study during the years 1990-2019 in Iran. In this study, the indicators of incidence, death, prevalence, and disease burden (the index of years of life lost due to premature death and disability) were used. To examine the epidemiological indicators with the dimensions of the human development index, the concentration index was used. Analyzes were performed using Stata-14 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The highest incidence of neurological disorders in both sexes is related to 2019 (8444.82 per 100000) and the highest prevalence of neurological disorders in Iran is related to 1998 (17549.2 per 100000). The most years of life lost due to premature death are related in 1990, it was (218/58 per 100,000). The concentration index for incidence was -0.018 (-0.029, -0.007), death -0.15 (-0.202, -0.11), and prevalence -0.02 (-0.034, -0.005), which shows that incidence, death, and prevalence are more concentrated in years It has been that the socio-economic situation has been weaker. A significant relationship was observed between the death rate caused by neurological disorders and the dimensions of human development. Considerably, with the increase in life expectancy, average years of education, and gross national income, the death rate due to neurological disorders in children decreases significantly.

Considering that from 2015 to 2019, we have seen an increasing trend, therefore attention should be paid to the factors related to the occurrence of these disorders in children, and since the increase in life expectancy and the level of education causes a decrease in the mortality associated with these disorders, attention Improving these indicators can be effective in reducing the mortality of these children.

This is a comprehensive review based on the published papers in the field of COVID‑19 vaccines and vaccination. Many efforts have been made to develop vaccines to combat this pandemic. Since December 2020, more than 200 vaccines have been tested in various research stages and in clinical trials on humans, of which eight vaccines reached phase four clinical trials in humans and approved by FDA and EUA. After the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine that had the highest efficacy (95%), the efficacy of the other vaccines are as follows: Moderna 94.5%, Sputnik V 91%, Novavax 89.7%, Sinopharm 79.3%, Oxford/AstraZenaca 70.4%, Johnson and Johnson 66.9%, and Sinovac 50.7%. At present, protein‑based vaccines, with 35% of all available COVID‑19 vaccines, are the most common technique in the vaccine production, and then there are vaccines of non‑replicating viral vector (13.3%), mRNA1 (12.1%), DNA (10.2%), replicating viral vector (9.8%), and inactivated vaccines (8.2%). The most frequently recognized adverse effects within 7 days of each vaccine dose involved fever, fatigue, headache, chill, and myalgia. The mRNA‑based vaccines were associated with a higher occurrence of local side effects (78.3 vs. 70.4%; Sig. = 0.064), whereas the viral vector‑based vaccine was associated with a higher prevalence of systemic side effects (87.2 vs. 61%; Sig. < 0.001). Based on the evidence and articles in the field of vaccination, AstraZeneca‑Oxford and Sinopharm vaccines reported the highest and lowest side effects, respectively. Because of being emerging, pathogenicity, and high infectivity of COVID‑19, vaccination against the disease to prevent its incident rate and decrease the prevalence rate is recommended immediately. Being informed of various aspects of the existing vaccines such as efficacy, effectiveness, safety, etc.can accelerate to make effective and useful choices and consequently have a vaccinated community against the epidemic.

COVID-19 is an international public health emergency in the world.

The aim of the present study is to determine the geographic pattern and temporal trend of Coronavirus disease 2019 incidence, fatality, and recovery rates worldwide.

The present ecological study is a mixed exploratory study. The study population included Patients with COVID-19, recovered individuals, and deaths from COVID-19 from October 1, 2019, until June 30, 2021, worldwide. Descriptive analysis included the calculation cumulative incidence rate (CIR), case fatality rate (CFR), and case recovery rate (CRR) of COVID-19. Global Moran's I and Anselin Local Moran's I tests were used for spatial analysis. The joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine the time trend by ArcGIS, Joinpoint, and SPSS software.

The average cumulative incidence rate was 1077 in 106 individuals; also, the average case recovery rate and average case fatality rate were %72.81 and %3.21, respectively. Global Moran's I index measured for CIR was 0.159. The results of Anselin's local Moran's I, high-high cluster, consists of some countries in South America and in southern and Western Europe and central and western Asia. The temporal trend of changes in the incidence rate and CRR of COVID-19 were incremental, and the average annual percentage change from October 2019 to June 2021 increased by 44.4% and 3.2%, respectively (P < 0.001), but CFR decreased by -0.3% and was not significant (P > 0.05).

As regards the specific spatial pattern of fatality and recovery rate of COVID-19, it seems essential to consider spatial conditions and environmental factors which are related to the incidence and fatality of COVID-19 in different regions, as well as the necessity of upgrading the care system in high-risk areas, in order to have better management and control of the pandemic and optimal function in early diagnosis, proper treatment, and high vaccination coverage.

To end the new COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world’s population needs to be immune to the virus, protecting individuals from infection, and ultimately ensuring herd immunity at the population level. A variety of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed worldwide for adults and children over the age of 12 years, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing symptomatic diseases and hospitalization is being studied. One of the major obstacles to COVID-19 vaccination that has emerged along with the global immunization program is vaccine hesitation or disapproval. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported vaccine hesitation as one of the 10 global health threats of 2019. This is also related to COVID-19.The present review, explore the current evidence on COVID-19 vaccination platforms and vaccination efficacy, safety, and adverse effects among strategic sub-populations, including elderly people, people with chronic disease (diabetes, cancer), pregnant and lactating women, children, youth, and vaccination willingness or hesitancy among the target population.

 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a risk factor for long-term complications and mortality in people with diabetes. Diabetes self-management can prevent the adverse effects of COVID-19.

 This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19-related personal, familial, and psychological factors and diabetes self-management.

 The research was conducted using the simple non-probability sampling method at the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Iran University of Medical Sciences. A total of 102 people with type-2 diabetes participated in the study. Their inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of type-2 diabetes for at least one year, an age of 30 to 65 years, literacy, and no personal or family history of COVID-19 for the past two months. The Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire assessed the participants' self-management behaviors. Their personal and family data were recorded in a personal information form. The Diabetes Distress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire measured diabetes distress and depressive symptoms, respectively. COVID-19-related psychological factors were evaluated using the COVID-19-related Psychological Distress Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.

 The Pearson correlation test showed that the number of times one or their family members were infected or hospitalized due to COVID-19, diabetes distress, and depressive symptoms were negatively related to diabetes self-management. Doses of COVID-19 vaccine injection were also positively related to self-management and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and diabetes distress (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed diabetes regimen and interpersonal distress, COVID-19-related psychological distress, and the number of one's family members with chronic disease as the predictors of diabetes self-management (adjusted R2 = 96%, P < 0.001).

 People with diabetes can improve their participation in self-management activities by taking care of themselves and their families against COVID-19 and controlling negative emotions. COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the depressive symptoms and diabetes distress in people with type-2 diabetes and facilitate their participation in self-management.

Undoubtedly, COVID‑19 pandemic is one of the largest pandemics and one of the biggest international challenges for health‑care system of various countries in the world. This is a narrative review study based on the studies published related with different aspects of COVID‑19. The highest numbers of active cases are in the USA, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, as well as Colombia and the disease surveillance system must operate more quickly, timely, effectively, and sensitively in these countries. What is clear is that the SARS‑CoV‑2 basic reproduction number is significantly higher than one and its transmission power is extremely high. In general, it can be stated that mortality and fatality risk due to COVID‑19 in men, age increase, severity of disease, systemic disease, as well as inadequate access to the sufficient health‑care services will increase. There is currently no specific treatment and effective vaccine for COVID‑19. The novel coronavirus pandemic is more consistent with the epidemiological triangle model, which emphasizes that the disease is the result of the interaction of three factors of host, agent, and environment. Therefore, prevention and treatment activities should focus on cutting the virus transmission chain. The main way to deal with viral epidemics is prevention. The emerging of this ruthless virus has once again reminded us that communicable diseases should never be underestimated and forgotten. Considering the rapid transmission of COVID‑19, the health‑care authorities and workers should consider timely detection and safeguards to prevent the transmission to healthy individuals.

The aim of present study is to determine the spatial-temporal epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Iranian children.

This ecological study was performed using an exploratory mixed design. The study population consists of 3769 children with ALL who were reported in the National Cancer Registry Program of Iran from 2006 to 2014. Data analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U, joinpoint regression analysis, Global Moran’s I and Anselin Local Moran’s I.

The average annual incidence rate of ALL was 2.25 per 100000 children under 15 years of age during the study period, which was 1.37 times higher in males. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the disease was 7.1%, which is higher than that of developed countries. The incidence of ALL was higher in spring and summer and its peak incidence was at the age of 2–5. Spatial autocorrelation of the ALL was 0.358 and significant (P value <0.001). The high-risk cluster of ALL was identified in Fars and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and the low-risk cluster in Kermanshah, Zanjan and Kurdistan provinces.

The incidence of ALL is on rise in Iranian children and appropriate healthcare services are required to prevent new cases of this disease in high-risk areas.

The present study was conducted to determine the epidemiological status, identify high‑risk and low‑risk clusters,
and estimate the relative risk (RR) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in provinces of Iran.

This is an ecological study carried out using an Exploratory Multiple‑Group design on 3769 children under 15 years of age with ALL from 2006 to 2014. Data analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U, Global Moran’s I and Kuldorff’s purely spatial scan statistic tests at a significance level of 0.05.

The average annual incidence rate of ALL during 2006–2014 period was 2.25/100,000 children under 15 years of age. The most likely high‑risk cluster with log‑likelihood ratio (LLR) =327.47 is located in the southwestern part of
Iran with a radius of 294.93 km and a centrality of 30.77 N and 50.83 E, which contained 1276 patients with a RR of 2.56. It includes Fars, Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer‑Ahmad, Khuzestan and Chahar Mahall and Bakhtiari provinces. On the other hand, the most likely low‑risk cluster with 517 patients, and a RR 0.49 and LLR = 227.03 was identified in the northwestern part of Iran with a radius of 270.38 km and a centrality of 37.25 N and 49.49 E. It includes Zanjan, Qazvin, Gilan and East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Alborz and Tehran provinces.

High‑risk clusters were observed in Southwestern, central, and eastern Iran, while low‑risk clusters were identified in Northern and Western Iran.

The recent outbreak by a novel coronavirus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019, and is progressively spreading to other countries. Timely diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) improves the survival of the patients and also prevents the transmission of the infection. In this study, we reviewed the applicable and available methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

For the review, we systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Iranian articles that were published about COVID-19 diagnostic methods with a combination of the key terms: laboratory, radiological, tests, coronavirus.

Although the current gold standard diagnostic test for this virus is real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the occasional false-negative and the low sensitivity of the test should not be underestimated. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan is another diagnostic test for COVID-19, with higher sensitivity but low specificity. A combination of sensitive RT-PCR with a chest CT scan together with the clinical features are highly recommended for the proper diagnosis. Notably, there are some other sensitive and low-cost tests for evaluation of COVID-19 infection, but their validation should be approved.

Since early and accurate diagnosis of the viral disease could improve the survival rate of the patients, and halt the transmission chain, it is not surprising that tremendous attempts should be made to reduce the limitations of the tests leading to the false-negative results and to find a rapid test for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Educational failure entails irreparable damage to the educational system, society, family and students, and resulting in frustration, humiliation, incompetence, negative self-concept, and sometimes suicide. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and factors affecting the academic failure in Health Faculty Students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. In this observational, descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study, 150 students of three health courses; Public, Occupational and Environmental health were selected through systematic random sampling. They filled out validated questionnaires. Based on the average and conditional terms, the students were divided into two categories; with and without academic failure. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22, using Chi-square, independent t-test and ANOVA at a significant level (p <0.05). The mean age of the students was 22.72 ± 3.4, and the academic failure prevalence rate was 12.7% which was most observed in females (14.44%) and in public health course (14.3%). The significant statistical relationship was observed between academic failure and marital status, educational term and level, diploma grade, being apart from parents, course selection, concentration and physical attendance of students in the classroom (p <0.05). Considering the relatively high prevalence of academic failure and the factors affecting it, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to motivate and increase the accuracy and concentration of students in the classroom, provide facilities and, most importantly, revise the criteria for student recruitment.

Drug use has always been suggested as the first preventable agent of various diseases and deaths around the world. Nowadays, this problem is more prevalent among young people and students of universities that are at risk.
Due to the newness of the case and legal restrictions on psychoactive drugs use in Iran, there are no statistics regarding the prevalence of consuming these drugs; therefore, it was decided to determine the prevalence and causes of tendency towards psychoactive drugs use among students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.
The present research was a cross sectional study, through which 250 students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences were selected using systematic random sampling and investigated in 2015. Data was collected through a self-made questionnaire and then analyzed using the SPSS software version 22 at a significance level of P = 0.05 using frequency tables, chart, Chi-square, and logistic regression test.
The prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption was 5.6%. The most important factor of tendency towards consumption of psychoactive drugs among students has been failure to meet their emotional needs (35.7%), yet taking pleasure has been the mainspring for consuming these drugs in most cases (50%). There was a statistical significant relationship between psychoactive drugs consumption and age, place of residence, drug history in parents, and being exposed to cigarette smoke throughout the day (P Due to the relatively high prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption in students of medical sciences as messengers of health, holding life skill workshops and consulting with students, providing appropriate recreational facilities seem essential in order to reduce the prevalence and prevent this dilemma.

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most important preventatives and curative causes of the growth and developmental disorder, which results in the implementation of a screening program for prevention of retardation. The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental indices of children with congenital hypothyroidism treated with healthy children in South Khorasan.
In this case-control study, 30 children aged 18-24 months with hypothyroidism were diagnosed with screening Selected as a case group. Also, 30 healthy children were matched with the case group, From health centers that children with hypothyroidism were covered by those centers, They were randomly selected as control group. These children were examined for evolutionary indicators. The data collection tool was a questionnaire for ages and stages of Ages & Stages Questionnaire(ASQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 15) and analyzed by means of Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests and t-test. Independent samples were analyzed at the significant level of P=0.05.
It was found that mean somatic developmental indicators in congenital hypothyroid children, compared with those in the healthy group were significantly lower. However, the score for all children was above a standard deviation one unit.
Although the mean developmental indices in hypothyroid children under treatment, based on Ages & Stages Questionnaires were lower than those in the control group, it was acceptable

Contamination of some agricultural products by mycotoxins has exposed the human and animal health to serious concerns. Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic type of aflatoxins, which is of the highest amount in different foods, including rice, among various types of aflatoxins. The present study was aimed to evaluate the amount of this toxicant in the consuming rice in Yazd city and investigate the effect of rice washing and soaking process on reduction of the mean concentration of aflatoxin B1.
The present study was a descriptive-analytical one, in which 36 rice samples (18 domestic types and 18 foreign types of rice) were randomly selected from the rice distribution centers in Yazd city. The Standard No.6872 of the Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI) was used for measuring the amount of aflatoxin B and G toxicants using HPLC (high pressure or performance liquid chromatography) method and purifying by immune affinity column. Analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS-22 statistical software as well as the statistical methods of one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD.
The mean concentration of aflatoxin B1 in domestic and imported rice was measured equal to 1.461 and 0.508ng/g, respectively. The contamination rate in the imported rice was lower than that in the domestic one, while there was no significant relationship between them (p≥0.166); furthermore, the effect of soaking process on reduction of the toxicant amount in one and ten hours of soaking was statistically insignificant. There was no significant relationship between the effect of a single time of washing and reduction of the amount of toxicant; however, in case of three and five times of washing, the amount of toxicant exhibited a reduction of 68.2% and 98.7%, respectively, which was statistically significant (p

Phenylketonuria (PKU), is one of the most common metabolic diseases that resulted in mental retardation. The study aimed to investigate the incidence of phenylketonuria in Lorestan province, Iran.
The study was an observational-descriptive study which included all identified cases of patients from April 2006 to February 2016. The required data were collected from patient's records. The Entered variables in data survey checklist included gender, date of birth, County Residence, parental education, parental occupation, parental kinship, conducting genetic consultation and screening. Recorded data were analyzed in Stata-12 software after completion.
Newborns were identified with Phenylketonuria during the years 2006 to 2016 and incidence rate calculated 1.91 per 10,000 live births. The highest incidence rate of disease was 3.86 per 10,000 live births in 2014. Delfan (Nurabad) County and Borujer County had maximum and minimum rate of incidence with 5.94 per 10,000 and 0.64 per 10,000, respectively. Among 74 patients, 42 (56%), were female and there was patient's parental kinship in 82% of parents that about 92 percent of suffering children parents had done genetic consultation.
The incidence of phenylketonuria in the Lorestan province is more than other provinces. Given that most cases of patients resulted from cousin marriages, paying attention to the screening tests prior to marriage, particularly in familiar marriage is essential.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the major causes of physical and mental disabilities, which are preventable and treatable. This study aimed to investigate physical growth and to evaluate the effectiveness of performed therapeutic interventions on normality of serum T4 and TSH levels in children with CH of Yazd city.
This retrospective cohort study was performed on all neonates with CH, who were born during years 2006 and 2008. The growth pattern of height, weight and head circumference during the first five years of children with CH and the effectiveness of performed therapeutic interventions on normality of serum T4 and TSH levels were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using the 22nd version of the SPSS software.
The pattern of height, weight, and head circumference of the girls with CH was comparable with the growth pattern of NCHS of healthy individuals. The pattern of height and weight growth of boys with CH gradually became similar to the growth pattern of NCHS of healthy boys. However, there was a decline in their head circumference growth trend after six months of age. Also it was revealed that therapeutic interventions had an appropriate effect on normalization of serum TSH, T4 levels and growth pattern in CH children under treatment.
After treatment and care for these patients, the growth patterns and serum T4 and TSH levels of these children reached a normal and desirable range.

Skills of nurses due to their professional sensitivity and their relation in public health should continually be monitored. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the Quantum skills of nurses employed in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekord city.
This cross- sectional descriptive - analytic study was performed in 2016 in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekord city. One hundred nurses selected by stratified random sampling and data were collected using a valid questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software through Chi-Square and independent t-test at the significant level of P The Grade Point Average (GPA) of each septel quantum skills including seeing, thinking, feeling, knowing, acting, trusting and being skills in nurses were significantly higher than criterion mean score (P>0.05). Totally, the GPA of nurses’ quantum skills was 136.69±10.07 that had a significant differenc compared to Criterion Mean Score (CMS=105) (P According to the rathered results, it can be stated that nurses employed in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekor city had a desirable status in the septel quantum skills.

Influenza vaccination is one of the most important ways to prevent influenza acquisition in healthcare staff. This study was conducted to determine the cumulative incidence rate of side effects associated with influenza vaccination among healthcare staff in some of the hospitals in Shiraz.
This descriptive study was conducted on the staff of a number of hospitals in Shiraz who received influenza vaccine in 1392. Instrument in this study was a researcher-developed questionnaire about common side effects that was collected up to 10 days after the vaccination. Incidence of side effects was reported with 95% confidence interval. The data were analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and univariate logistic regression.
From the 450 vaccinated staff, 424 (94.23%) completed the questionnaire. 53.8% of vaccine recipients were female and 46.2% male. The mean age of the participants was 34.94 years. Up to 10 days after vaccination, cumulative incidence rate of side effects following vaccination was obtained 21.7% for common cold-like symptoms, 71.2% for muscle pain, 16.5% for pain where the shot was given, 15.3% for fever, 14.4% for runny nose, 12.3% for severe headache, 9% for severe coughing, 0.9% for diarrhea, and 1.7% for abdominal pain (1.7%). No severe side effects such as acute allergic reactions and Guillain-Barré syndrome were reported.
The reported incidence rate of side effects in this study, high risk of acquiring disease among health care staff, and their role in controlling influenza epidemics represent the necessity of influenza vaccination in this occupational population.

Injuries and accidents are the first cause of death in the first 5 years of children life in the world; the present study was conducted to investigate the extent and distribution of accidents in the infants under one year in Hamadan Province, Iran.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out using of data of injuries and accidents related to children under one year for Hamadan province in seven years period from March 2009 to March 2016. In this study we used data according national injuries and accidents recorded program. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as analytical statistics including the Chi-square test. Data were analyzed using Stata software version 12.
In this 7 year periods, 3,200 accidents were registered among children under one year. The highest occurrence of accidents was in the spring 1,029 (31.15% of cases). 1,890 (59.1%) of accidents occurred in the urban area and only 429 (13.4%) of them were in rural area. In total, car accidents (53.4%), trauma (12.6%) and fall from altitude (8.8%) had most frequency from all accidents. There was a significant difference between gender and place of accident with type of accident (P Car accident, trauma and fall were most common types of accident among under one year children. Accident among children can be controlled by improvement in planning and design results in safer homes, leisure areas and motor vehicles as well as increasing the awareness of parents for the risk of accidents in a variety of settings.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers of gastrointestinal tract in Iran and the other parts of the world. Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in throughout the world. Almost every year recognizes one million new cases of colorectal cancer that nearly half a million of them die due to this disease.
In this review study, a thorough investigation in Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, Elsevier and PubMed databases was conducted using keywords associated with colorectal cancer including; incidence, prevalence, mortality and survival rates and the risk factors. Then the valid related articles published during the last two decades (1993-2014) were collected and evaluated.
The highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer was related to North America, Australia, New Zealand, Western Europe and Japan. The average incidence rate was related to Southern regions of South America and the lowest incidence rate was related to Africa, South and Central Asia. In Iran, the age-adjusted incidence rate of the disease was differ from 2.34 to 17.62 per 100,000 in Sistan-Baluchestan and Tehran respectively. An upward trend was observed in incidence and mortality rate of the disease in Iran. The survival rate for colorectal cancer in the world and Iran was estimated 13% - 66% and 47% - 50% respectively. The main risk factors for the disease were the high-fat and low-fiber diet, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history and age.
Discussion and According to the upward trend in incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in Iran, implementation of cancer prevention programs such as; screening, dietary modification and healthy life style education is necessary.

Disease congenital hypothyroidism can cause of permanent mental retardation and disturbance physical growth.The present study done with aim of evaluate prevalence disorders of height, weight and head circumference first 5 years of life in children with congenital hypothyroidism in Yazd.
present study was retrospective cohort which performed on all neonatal born in the years 2006 to 2008 that had diagnosed by screening program as patient. the were compared ratios of growth disturbances height ,weight and head circumference during the first 5 years of life in these children and healthy children WHO separate of age and sex.Data analyzed by spss19 Statistical Software in significant level at 0.05.
Findings: The most common of growth disorder among patient boys was growth disorder weight and in patient girls height growth disorder. Ratios growth disorders variables of height, weight and head circumference in boys and girls patient has been reduced trend from beginning to end of follow .At the end of 5 years, not found significant difference between the proportion of growth disorders weight, height and head circumference in children with congenital hypothyroidism and healthy children World Health Organization (p>0/05).
The has been Screening program and Therapeutic interventions on children with congenital hypothyroidism leads to reduced physical growth disorders and normal pattern growth of patients.