فهرست مطالب sakineh karamshahi

In the current situation, it becomes more necessary to pay attention to social and economic sustainability, taking into account the challenges and bottlenecks facing developing countries, and in the meantime, rural areas are facing many problems. A significant share of rural instabilities goes back to socio-economic instability, which, in addition to deteriorating employment, income, inequality of opportunity, access to services, basic needs, and the like, also has negative feedback on environmental sustainability. Due to these instabilities, rural areas are experiencing consequences such as urban-rural inequalities, population evacuation, migration, and environmental degradation. Economic sustainability and social sustainability are two inseparable components because individual welfare is not separate from the welfare of society, and the existence of social cohesion, empathy, and tolerance leads to the creation of space in which people feel more responsible and believe that a fairer distribution of resources plays a key role in the long-term survival of society.

The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. Inferential statistical methods (one-sample t) and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this research uses spatial analysis in GIS for sampling (Using the adjacent layers raster to the province's permanent rivers, settlement density, rural population density, distance from the road, distance from the nearest cities, the province's land layer, slope, and height and their overlap in the final raster and placing the whole province in 3 classes are high, middle, low. Out of 378 villages with more than 20 households, 37 villages were selected as a sample, and 250 questionnaires were calculated and randomly completed by the villagers in 2020-2021.

Numerical mean analysis obtained from the calculation of components affecting socio-economic sustainability in rural areas was obtained among the respondents using questionnaire data. To investigate this issue, a single-sample t-test was used, in which the component of social participation with an average of 3.1646 was higher than the average (3). Also, the analysis of research data with the structural equation modeling approach in PLS software includes the study of model fit in three parts as measurement model, structural model, and general model. Measurement models show the relationship between each hidden variable and its indicators. The reliability and validity of the variables are checked to evaluate the measurement models. After testing the measurement models, it is necessary to evaluate the structural model of the research that shows the relationships between the variables. For this purpose, are examined the coefficient of determination (R2) and the predictive power of Stone and Geiser (Q2). After evaluating the measurement and structural models of the research, the fit of the overall model is examined. The GOF criterion is used to evaluate the fit of the overall model. Finally, the results show that according to the results of t and the significance of path coefficients in PLS software, social stability has a more important role in creating overall stability than economic stability.

Structural analysis of components affecting socio-economic sustainability in order to identify, strengthen, and develop socio-economic factors affecting sustainability in the study area was the main purpose of this study. In terms of components and factors affecting the socio-economic stability of the study area, the results of the one-sample t-test showed that the component of social capital (social participation factor) has the greatest impact on social sustainability in the study area and in terms of economic stability except for the rural investment factor, other factors are in a weak position. The results obtained from estimating the structural equation modeling of fit indices have good validity and reliability. Also, the results of the structural equation modeling technique (in three parts as measurement model, structural model, and general model) showed that social capital has a greater impact on social stability than social welfare. Also, the economic justice component has the most significant impact on regional economic stability.

The developments in rural society over the past decades indicate instability and the existence of major socio-economic challenges in the process of sustainable development of rural areas. The neglect of diversity and continuous change in the socio-economic conditions of country rural communities and neglect of socio-economic infrastructure of rural society has added to the problems and challenges of rural development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to socio-economic sustainability for planning and managing rural areas. The purpose of doing this study is to analyze the socio-economic stability of rural areas in Ilam province using GIS. For sampling, out of 378 villages with more than 20 households, 37 villages were selected as a sample and 250 questionnaires were completed by the villagers. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and for data collection two methods of field study and ‌ library study were used. Also, data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of a one-way analysis of variance show that there is a significant difference between economic and social sustainability indicators in different dimensions. Also, the results of factor analysis show that the number of indicators that indicate the factors affecting the sustainability of villagers are reduced to 12 special factors and the results of multiple regression analysis indicate that social components (0.217) have the greatest effect and economic components (0.042) have the least effect on the sustainability of villages in the study area.

The distribution of rural services indicates the growth and development of rural areas and, therefore, the manner in which decentralized planning mechanisms are at stake in the country. In the distribution of rural services in the early stages of development, attention to physical, social and economic indicators is very important. Measurement and evaluation of the distribution of issues and affecting factors in development and the degree of equality or inequality in the distribution of one of the methods of identifying the status of society and its developmental level. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between population distribution and distribution of services in rural areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study is the villages of Ilam province. The required data are derived from the census results of population and housing in 1390 and I395 in Ilam province. And using the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve, the comparison of the distribution of services according to the population in rural areas of the province has been and have been analyzed. The findings show that in 1395 there was a greater equality in the distribution of services according to population in rural areas of the province and in 1390 on the contrary( Inequality in the distribution of services).