فهرست مطالب sakineh mahdavi

The purpose of this research is to investigate the crimes and motivational factors for the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the recreation areas of Savadkooh city, which is of a practical nature in terms of the purpose.

The current research is of a descriptive type, which is carried out with a practical purpose and a survey method. The statistical population of this work consists of all young tourists in the resorts of Swadkoh city, among them 210 young people aged 20 to 40. They were selected based on Cochran formula and with the purposeful sampling method and from various resorts of savadkooh city. To collect the required data from a questionnaire whose content validity has been confirmed by experts, which is 0.71. Also, the data are analyzed using hierarchical analysis.

Findings and results of the research: 

The final results indicate that the spread of illicit relationships and acts contrary to chastity, the spread of crimes and social vices, carrying out prohibited transactions of buying and selling alcoholic beverages ranked first to third among crimes and weakness in religious beliefs and convictions, hanging out with unscrupulous friends. Moreover, being deprived of educating healthy life skills in school and university regarding the injuries and complications caused by its consumption are among the motivating factors in the first to third ranks.

Purpose and context:

 Security and tourism are parameters of an equation that have a direct association with each other. As one of the important factors of tourism development is the presence of security, the expansion of tourism in a region and the commuting of tourists to a destination will result in security. This research is conducted to investigate the sense of security effect on tourism development in northern Savadkuh city dams and rivers.

 The article has a descriptive-analytical method and the research type is practical. Also, the library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is all the tourists in northern Savadkuh city dams and river areas in 1401, which consists of 220 tourists who are selected by simple random technique. The research data was collected using a structured questionnaire and the content validity of the research items is confirmed through the Lawshe coefficient. The reliability of the items was determined to be higher than 0.7 through internal consistency reliability. Also, the data analysis is done through structural equation modeling.

The findings demonstrate that tourists' sense of security had a positive consequence on tourism development. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination reveals that security indicators of interaction and connection with the host community, and transportation security indicators have the greatest effect on tourism development.

The obtained results exhibit that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of social security and tourism development at a significance level of 0.01. In other words, the more the social security of tourists’ growths, the greater their desire to travel to these sites is.

Risk assessment is an important tool for reducing casualties and financial damage in the oil and gas industry. This research aimed to identify and evaluate process hazards in the petrochemical industry in 2016.

In this case study, a team was organized and briefed on the process. Besides, hazard identification was performed using the Hazard and Operability Study. Next, causes were analyzed using the Fault Tree Analysis and occurrence probability of top events. Finally, events and subevents were ranked. The minimum cut sets were determined using Boolean algebra.

A total of 77 events were identified. Accordingly, unacceptable, tolerable, and acceptable risk levels were 41, 31, and 5 events, respectively. Fire was the most unacceptable risk level, with the final events of "human errors in correct gasket installation on the flange surface" and "flange defects" having had the shares of 51.2 and 21.55%, respectively.

The combination of the two HAZOP and FTA techniques is useful in process industries in which incomplete performance of the system and control systems is the most effective factor in the potential occurrence of fire. Human errors and flange defects are the two main factors in this event, so occupational safety and health must be improved in this system. Thus, due to complex interactions between humans, machines, materials, and the environment in systems, such as the petrochemical industry, which lead to uncertainties in safety results of the process, risk assessment is recommended to be performed periodically using different techniques.

The aim of this study was to identify the causes of violence against citizens by law enforcement officers from 1397 to 1399 in Savadkuh city. Research

The statistical population of these employees are the Preventive Police and the Rahvar Police of Savadkuh Disciplinary Command and the citizens of Savadkuh. The survey method and the questionnaire were used as data collection tools.

The descriptive findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the characteristics and social and disciplinary behaviors of police officers and violence against citizens.

The results of analysis of covariance from Amos structural test showed that the variables of lack of management and psychological control of police officers, unfair treatment of citizens by the police and low tolerance of police against environmental disasters, respectively, had the greatest effect on violence. People have had agents. Keywords: Citizen Violence - Law Enforcement Officers - Savadkuh County

Improper posture is recognized as one of the risk factors in musculoskeletal disorders. So, operational postures assessment is required to correct undesirable postures and reduce musculoskeletal disorders. This study was conducted to specify the risk level of working postures utilizing REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and NERPA (Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment) method and determining its relationship with the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in the operational occupations of Abadan Oil Refining Company.

The current study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. Using the Cochran formula, 315 of the operational employees of the Abadan Oil Refining Company were studied. Data were gathered by the methods of REBA and NERPA and analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests. The statistical test of the Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to determine the correlation between the results of REBA and NERPA methods. The confidence level of 95% was taken into consideration.

Based on the results obtained from REBA method, the highest frequency percentage in the risk level of postural analysis was attributed to 206 subjects (65.4%) in the medium level, 88 subjects (27.9%) in the low level, and 20 subjects (6.3%) in the high level. Regarding the results obtained from NERPA method, the highest frequency percentage in the risk level of postural analysis was attributed to 158 subjects (50.2%) in the high level, 134 subjects (42.5%) in the medium level and 23 subjects (7.3%) were in the very high level. The statistical test results revealed that a statistically significant relationship was observed between the mean score of REBA and NERPA (P<0.001).

This studychr('39')s results declared that the NERPA method, by regarding the domain and angles of motion more than the REBA posture assessment, investigated the musculoskeletal health and was more worker-oriented.

Human error is one of the most important factors contributing to accidents. Unfortunately, in many reported accidents, a human error such as Bhopal, Three Mile Island, and Chernobyl played a significant role. The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the human errors that happened by the butene-1 unit’s control room operators in a petrochemical industry using Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) and Technique for the Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr) methods. In this study, 9 control room operators in a petrochemical industry unit based on the three-shift work schedule was investigated in 2016. The census sampling method was used to select sample size through all operators. The data were collected using observation methods, interview with control room’s operator, and shift controller as well as by previous incidents assessment. The research included three major parts. In the first part, all functions of control room operators were analyzed and a Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was conducted. In the second part of this research, the types and reasons of human errors in each task were identified by the TRACEr method. Finally, in the third part, HEART method was applied regarding each job to review tasks, human error pre-condition impact factors, and determine the risk of error. In the current study, 2273 External Error Modes (EEM’s), 1768 Internal Error Modes (IEM’s), 1401 Performance Shaping Factors (PFS’s), 1185 Psychological Error Mechanism (PEM’s) were identified in the petrochemical plant’s control rooms. According to the results obtained from the TRACEr technique, the most influential factors affecting the occurrence of human errors happened by the control room operators were alertness, concentration, fatigue, improper use of communication devices, and the quality of communication. Based on the findings, the most effective performance shaping factors for control room operators were alertness, concentration, and fatigue, respectively. Since, control room operators had to repeat tasks in a seated posture and in front of a monitor which may cause to decrease their alertness, concentration, and increase fatigue. So it is recommended to use smart ergonomic chairs for control room operators to prevent loss of consciousness.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Reality Therapy approach on marital commitment and social well-being. In this study, Adolescents and Jones questionnaires and educational sessions based on reality therapy were used to assess variables. Keynesian questionnaires were used to measure social well-being. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean table and standard deviation and were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between post-test and pre-test scores in comparison with the control group (P <0.001). The findings of this study indicate the effect of reality therapy on increasing marital commitment and social well-being of the subjects. The results showed that reality therapy has led to marital commitment and increased social well-being of women. Consequently, it is necessary to apply treatment focused on marital problems, especially to increase their well-being. Therefore, one of the essential strategies to enhance couples' commitment and social well-being is to educate them on the concepts of reality therapy and to provide the necessary background to implement these trainings to increase women's marital and social well-being.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Reality Therapy approach on marital commitment and social well-being. In this study, Adolescents and Jones questionnaires and educational sessions based on reality therapy were used to assess variables. Keynesian questionnaires were used to measure social well-being. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean table and standard deviation and were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between post-test and pre-test scores in comparison with the control group (P <0.001). The findings of this study indicate the effect of reality therapy on increasing marital commitment and social well-being of the subjects. The results showed that reality therapy has led to marital commitment and increased social well-being of women. Consequently, it is necessary to apply treatment focused on marital problems, especially to increase their well-being. Therefore, one of the essential strategies to enhance couples' commitment and social well-being is to educate them on the concepts of reality therapy and to provide the necessary background to implement these trainings to increase women's marital and social well-being.

Institutionalizing courtesy and ethics at the police force is a way to promote public participation and police success and to create creativity and dynamism at the organization level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethics and courtesy of staff members with clients honor in Sari police force.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all law enforcement personnel of Sari city and 260 of them were selected as sample. Inferential statistical method was used for data analysis.

The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between ethics and courtesy with the client's honor (sig = 0.000). Also among the studied indices, the highest correlation (0.225 with 3% level) is between the order and planning and clients' honor.

According to the results of the research, it has been found that among ethics and courtesy indices; good behavior, order and planning and respectful attitude have the most influence on clients' satisfaction.

Based on recently conducted research, the reason for more than half of the absences from the work environment and one-third of the work-related compensation claims is attributable to musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and assess the risk of these disorders among the welders of Khorramabad, Iran.
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 170 welders employed in Khorramabad, Iran. The welders were selected using the census sampling method. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was evaluated using a Nordic questionnaire. To assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, the QEC method was used. Data analysis was done using the indices of central tendency and t-test.
The results showed that the prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders is highest in the back (70%), the knees (54.1%), the trunk (50%). The QEC assessment results showed that, in 83.8% of the cases, the risk of developing such diseases is high and very high.
This study showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the studied welders is high. Additionally, the risk of developing these disorders is also high. Based on these results, among the causes of musculoskeletal disorders among welders, uncomfortable working posture, manual lifting and carrying of loads, and the bending and twisting of the spine and back can be mentioned. In addition to these results, this study showed that the QEC method can offer reliable results.

Background & Aims of the Study: Heat Stress is a major factor in many industrials and heat stress is one of occupational hazards in the workplace and severely affects the health and productivity, heat stress can decrease efficiency, increase accidents and reduce safety levels. Aim of this study was comparing the heat stress indices of HSI and WBGT and core body temperature in steels industry workers. In this descriptive analysis study, 41 acclimatized and healthy male were participated in the study. Subjects selected by census method. Environmental climatic parameters were measured and then heat stress evaluated according to HSI index, WBGT index and core body temperature. This study was done in the hottest season in August and the hottest hours (11 to 14) at the location of the workers. All data analyzed by the SPSS version 16 and in order to establish a relationship between measured parameters and the core body temperature and the heat stress indices Poisson correlation coefficient was used. Regarding on the results, mean of WBGT index was 40.02 and mean of HSI index was 489.97. It showed that the all workers expose to high heat stress. Whilst mean of core body temperature was 37.19°c and maximum of core body temperature was 38.5°c. For estimating heat stress is better use of the biological monitoring method such as core body temperature which may have been closer to reality heat stress in exposed workers. Pearson correlation coefficient between the core body temperatures has less correlation with globe temperature (r= 0.648), relative humidity (r= 0.307) and with natural wet bulb temperature (r= 0.469) than HSI and WBGT. WBGT has high correlation with globe temperature (r= 0.956) and natural wet bulb temperature (r= 0.877) so this finding can prove that WBGT index shows higher heat stress than core body temperatures. the Pearson correlation coefficient between HSI with relative humidity is r=0.619 and HSI has more correlation with relative humidity than core body temperature (r= 0.307) and WBGT(r= 0.494) the HSI index has not statistically significant relation with air velocity (p=0.058) and HSI index have limitations for assessing heat stress in environments with high relative humidity and low air movement.

Job stress can result from an imbalance between job demands and the abilities to cope them. Stress can affect individuals and lead to job dissatisfaction. This study was conducted to assess the influence of different job stress dimensions on job satisfaction in workers of a refinery control room located at the south of Iran. In this cross sectional study all 100 workers of an oil refinery control room were studied. Job stress and job satisfaction was measured using standard questionnaires provided by national institute of mental health (NIMH) and Robbins respectively. After collecting, data were analyzed using SPSS ver.16 software. A general linear model was used to estimate the effect of different job stress dimensions on the job satisfaction. In this study 62.08 percent of workers were categorized as having high level of stress. In job satisfaction case, 9.2, 27.6, 28.7, 16.1 and 18.4 of workers were classified as totally dissatisfied, dissatisfied, not satisfied nor dissatisfied, satisfied and totally satisfied, respectively. A Pearson correlation test revealed a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and all studied dimensions of job stress (p= 0.01). In the general regression model, partial Eta squared was 0.03, 0.3 and 0.23 for respectively interpersonal relationships, physical conditions of work and job interest. This study showed that job satisfaction is mostly influenced by physical conditions and job interest dimensions of job stress. Therefore, for improvement of job satisfaction in workers, different parameters of these two dimensions of job stress should be considered.