salimeh moradi

In this paper, a lossy compression method with the ability to control the quality of the reconstructed signal is proposed for phonocardiography (PCG) signals. It is based on two main ideas: down-sampling and two-dimensionalization. For PCG image compression, wavelet transform and Spatial-oriented Tree Wavelet (STW) encoder are used. In the proposed method, there is the ability to control the quality of the reconstructed signal using a Percent Root-mean-square Difference (PRD)-related threshold. The simulation results of the proposed method on some public databases indicates that the down-sampling stage has a significant effect on increasing the compression ratio especially in the case of databases with high sampling frequency. The next important factor in improving the compression efficiency of the proposed method is the use of two-dimensional PCG signal in order to take advantage of the inter-period redundancy in this type of repetitive signals, and using modern effective methods for image compression. The efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated according to the average PRD and Compression Ratio (CR) criteria and compared with the results of several existing methods. In this evaluation, while limiting PRD≤5%, the lowest average compression ratio was related to the Artifacts dataset from the Pascal database (with a sampling frequency of 2000 Hz) and the highest average compression ratio was related to the database of the University of Washington (with a sampling frequency of 44100 Hz).

Understanding of the medical society's from the types of information resources for quick and easy access to information is an imperative task in medical researches and management of the treatment. The present study was aimed to determine the level of awareness of the physicians in using various electronic information resources and the factors affecting it.

This study was a descriptive survey. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population included all the physicians and specialty physicians of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and numbered 350. The sample size based on Morgan's formula was set at 180. The content validity of the tool was confirmed by the library and information professionals and the reliability was 95%. Descriptive statistics were used including the SPSS software version 19.

On reviewing the need of the physicians to obtain the information on several occasions, the need for information in conducting the researches was reported by the maximum number of physicians (91.9%) and the usage of information resources, especially the electronic resources, formed 65.4% as the highest rate with regard to meeting the information needs of the physicians. Among the electronic information databases, the maximum awareness was related to Medline with 86.5%. Among the various electronic information resources, the highest awareness (43.3%) was related to the E-journals. The highest usage (36%) was also from the same source. The studied physicians considered the most effective deterrent in the use of electronic information resources as being too busy and lack of time.

Despite the importance of electronic information resources for the physician's community, there was no comprehensive knowledge of these resources. This can lead to less usage of these resources. Therefore, careful planning is necessary in the hospital libraries in order to introduce the facilities and full capabilities of the mentioned resources and methods of information retrieval.
 

Considering to needs of physicians to updated information for researching in medical science, therefore the existence of libraries with resources in different format is an essential point. On the other side, the medical community's understanding of these resources to achieve their main goal is undeniable, because the ultimate result of easy and urgent access to information is a warranty of public society health. This research aimed to determine physician's awareness and usage of electronic resources in educational hospitals. The research method was descriptive - survey and the tools of data gathering was research made questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the study tools was confirmed by librarianship experts with 95 Percent. Statistical society was including all specialist and specialty physicians of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of medical science include 350 people and a mass of sampling with 180 members. The sampling way was random clustering. The type of statistical method was descriptive and appliqued software was 13th version of SPSS. In investigation the rate of physicians needs for information in different cases, the most needs was 91.3 Percent for researching in their activity fields and to do daily schedule with 60.6 Percent is declared as minimum requirements. Physicians removal their information needs, used information resources and electronic resources in 65.4 Percent of cases as maximum option, and they have mentioned helping and conducting of foreigner specialists as minimum with 15.5 Percent. About the awareness of physicians from types of electronic information sources, the most knowledge was about Medline with 86.5 Percent and the lowest frequency was for Blackwell with 16.3 Percent. In determining the awareness of physicians of electronic information resources, most awareness was belonging E-journal with 43.3 Percent and the lowest amount was for Offline information resources with 13.8 Percent. Also in determining the use of electronic information resources with physicians, E-journal with 36 Percent as maximum and Offline Data Bank with 12.2 Percent as less option are used. The most important factor between effective factors for usage of physician from the electronic information resources, 61.5 Percent was related to lack of time and busy working, and the lowest factor which is non beneficial resource content has only been one mentioned. The results represented that information needs of physicians is respectively by following reasons: conducting research, preparing articles, gathering new and updated information, management of patient care, teaching, and finally for every day routines. Because of the importance of electronic information resources for physicians, it needs to introduce all aspects of this information resources and retrieval methods from related gateways to information societies of university.