salma korbag

The growing population of Libya poses a significant environmental threat due to waste management challenges, including household, military, medical, electronic, hazardous metal landfills, heavy metal pollution, and methane emissions contributing to global warming. Waste management in Libya is poor, with incineration and landfilling leading to various diseases as cancer, respiratory, dermatological, and gastrointestinal ailments. Online surveys show a high rate of incineration (68%), followed by 23% landfilling, and while recycling rates are low or non-existent, with only 2%. Toxic metals can harm organs, water, soil, and air particles, necessitating waste management education and legislation on hazardous chemicals.

Bisphenols A and its analogues are among the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and have been a particular focus of environmental concern for decades due to their pervasiveness and severe hazard to organism health. Because of greater regulatory action and scientific and public concern about bisphenols adverse health effects, it is increasingly being used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. According to an increasing amount of studies, bisphenol and analogues have a deleterious impact on various neuroendocrine functions in living organisms. It has the potential to produce neurotoxicity and behavioral impairment in addition to reproductive damage.

Alkaline earth metal oxides (CaO–MgO) are employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the manufacture of biodiesel from non-edible oils such as olive, sunflower, and corn. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of temperatures on the catalytic conversion of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using CaO–MgO. The catalyst was used to investigate the temperatures effect on the trans-esterification reaction. The best circumstances were studied a methanol to oil ratio of 6:1 and temperatures of 30-60 °C. The temperatures of the reaction has a considerable influence on the trans-esterification reaction, with optimum biodiesel conversion occurring at 60 °C and a yield 99%, with R2 values larger than 0.70. CaO–MgO catalyst exhibited 99% yield and strong catalytic activity. According to the experimental results, the CaO–MgO heterogeneous catalyst can obtain biodiesel of high yields that are comparable to those cited in the citations.