فهرست مطالب samad azimigarosi

According to The importance of diagnosis And early intervention Reading problems in students, Conceptual pattern design Underlying skills Read it seems necessary. This study aims to Design and validation Interventional pattern Underlying skills Read and Study Its effectiveness On the reading skills of students At risk of reading problems And mixed with the research method Of consecutive heuristic type Done. In the qualitative part of the research Inductive Content Analysis Method And in a quantitative way From the quasi-experimental design Experimental group - control group With pre-test - post-test design Were used. Selected targeted sample In the qualitative part of the research, Extracted texts From expert interviews and the contents of 38 articles And related books Underlying skills Read And research sample In the quantitative data section32 person from Children at risk Were reading disorder. With inductive content analysis In the qualitative part of the research, 6 categories of final Including Neurological skills, Sensory skill, Spatial skill, Verbal expression skills, Phonological awareness, Rapid automatic naming Extract and First, the conceptual model Includes extractive design elements And then Applied Pattern training Underlying skills Read Was designed. The tools of this research is Reading and Dyslexia test That's for Measuring reading problems Has been used. data analysis Using the method Repeated measures Indicative Effectiveness Interventional pattern Underlying skills On reading skills is Students at risk Reading disorder. Based on the results obtained from the present study Can from Pattern training Prepared Underlying skills Read for improving Students' reading skills Be used.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects communication skills and appropriate response to the outside environment. One of the newest ways to improve the communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder is hydrotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrotherapy on communication skills of children with ASD.

This study is a single case study with A-B design. The statistical population includes all children with ASD in Alborz province in 2017. Purposeful sampling was used to select the sample. Accordingly, 3 children with autism disorder symptoms and symptoms were selected from Kahrizak rehabilitation center as a sample. The research instrument was the second version of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-2) and a researcher-made checklist for measuring communication skills.  According to the Hollywick program, treatment sessions were conducted in 2 sessions (one hour) per week and for 2 months during 8 weeks (16 sessions).

During the visual analysis of chart, intervention was effective in all three subjects. The percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) in the two baseline and intervention situations for the 3 subjects were 100%, 80%, and 90%.

The results showed that hydrotherapy significantly increased the communication skills of children with ASD, which could be achieved by enhancing sensory motor skills as well as providing the necessary contexts and conditions for communication. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method as a complementary approach in the field of education and rehabilitation of children with ASD along with other therapies.

Children with autism spectrum disorder use different questions in social interactions in a restricted way. Since asking questions is a pivotal skill which is associated with language skills and learning opportunities, it is crucial to consider this skill as a treatment objective. Accordingly, the present study examined the effectiveness of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) on the correct use of different questions in the context of social interactions of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present study was a single subject study with an A-B design. The population consisted of the children with ASD in Kahrizak maintenance, training, and rehabilitation center in Alborz Province. From this population, three children were selected using purposive sampling method. The research instruments were the diagnosis scale of autism spectrum disorder (ASDDS) and a researcher-made checklist. For this purpose, after the baseline condition, the intervention began and the pivotal response treatment was provided to participants for 10 weeks. The dependent variable (the correct use of different questions in the context of social interaction) was carefully measured by two observers. For data analysis, charting and stability envelop and the process for graphing, using within and between condition analyses, were employed to investigate the effectiveness of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

The mean scores of 39.59, 41.38, and 39.55 for the three participants in the baseline changed to 51.38, 49.71, and 50.61 after the intervention. In the visual analysis of the data graph, the intervention was shown to be effective for all three participants. The percentages of non-overlapping data (PND) in the two baseline and intervention conditions for the three participants were 90, 80, and 90, respectively. This effectiveness remained visible in the follow-up condition.

The results of the current study indicated that the use of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) improves the correct use of different questions in the context of social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder. Accordingly, this method can be used in training and rehabilitation of this group of children.

  Aggression is a phenomenon prevalent among children with ASD which makes the processes of training and rehabilitation difficult for them and can result in delays in acquiring developmental skills. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of hydrotherapy on the degree of aggression in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study used an A-B single-subject research design. The population consisted of all children with ASD in Alborz Province. Making use of the purposive sampling method three children were diagnosed to suffer from ASD. The research instruments were the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and a researcher-made checklist to measure aggression. Therapy sessions were conducted according to Halliwick instructions for two months (totally for 8 weeks and 16 sessions). To analyze the data, after drawing charts and the stability and process container, the effectiveness of the independent variable on the dependent variable was assessed applying intra- and inter-situational analyses. During visual analysis of the data chart, intervention was effective on all of the three participants. The Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) in the two baseline and intervention situations for the three participants were 100, 87.5, and 100%, respectively. The results indicated that hydrotherapy significantly results in reducing aggression in children with ASD. Thus, it is suggested that this method be used as a complementary method in training and rehabilitation of children with ASD.

Parents of children with Intellectual Disabilities obviously and undeniably experience the same love and joy for their children , but they also have an increased risk of encountering stressors (e.g., high medical costs), anxiety, and depression. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of attachment-based therapy training on increasing intimacy and alexithymia of the parents of Intellectual Disabilities children. The population consisted of all parents of Intellectual Disabilities children in Kermanshah city, Iran, from which a sample with the size of 30 parents was randomly selected. They were then randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of attachment-based therapy and control group received no intervention. The research design was quasi-experimental. For data analysis, SPSS (version18) was used and the statistical method of co-variance analysis was run. The research findings revealed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group concerning the degree of intimacy (p≥ 0.000) . However, no significant contrast was found in terms of the Alexithymia. With respect to findings of the current study, it can be concluded that training based upon the attachment style can lead to intimacy increase among Parents of children with Intellectual Disabilities.

Background and Without the eyesight, individuals’ perception of the surrounding world is different, and this can lead to emotional and social problems such as social anxiety, low self-concept, and negative body-image. The purpose of this study was to study social anxiety, self-image, and body image in students with and without visual impairment.
The present study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all male students in Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 2016-2017. The sample included 70 blind students aged 14-18 years old who were selected by convenience sampling method from Shahid Mohebbi Blind center. Also, a group of 70 normal students were selected by random cluster sampling from schools in Tehran. Social anxiety inventory (Conner, 2000), body image test (Fisher, 1970) and children’s self-concept scale (Piers, 1969) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference in the social anxiety, self-concept, and body image between students with and without visual impairment (P 0.05).
The results of this study showed that people with visual impairment are more exposed to higher social anxiety, lower self-concept and more negative body image than those without visual impairment. Therefore, by designing appropriate educational programs for parents and teachers, it should help to develop a sense of being positive, assertiveness and intimate in children with visual impairment.