فهرست مطالب samaneh karimi

 Domestic violence occurs in different ways in families. Parent abuse is a type of psychological, physical, or financial violence practiced by children against their parents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parent abuse in high school boy students during the coronavirus pandemic.

The research method was descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population was all mothers of high school boy students in Khuzestan, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 676 were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, the Parent Abuse Scale (boy version) and demographic inventory were used. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and t-test using SPSS software (version 22).

The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of physical abuse is 6.2%, emotional abuse 5%, financial abuse 11.4% and parental abuse in Corona epidemics is 4.1%. In addition, the findings of this study compared to the studies before the Corona outbreak showed that the prevalence of parental abuse of high school boy students in Khuzestan province was lower in the context of the coronavirus epidemic.

Despite the fact that the number of parental abuses in Iranian society is significant, the rate of parental abuse in high school boy students during the Coronavirus in Khuzestan showed no increase. It is suggested to investigate strategies that have created and maintained positive interactions in the family.

 The main reason for treatment failure and the primary cause of breast cancer deaths is metastasis. Cancer features, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasiveness, stemness, and ability to metastasize, are significantly influenced by oxidative stress.

 The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell secretomes (hWJMSCs-Se) on oxidant contents and development of the breast cancer SK-BR3 cell line and alterations in EMT markers genes after treatment.

 SK-BR3 cells received 48 hours of treatment with 10, 25, or 50 μg/mL hWJMSCs-Se. The MTT test and colony formation were used to evaluate the SK-BR3 cells’ viability and proliferation capability. By using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, apoptosis was determined. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels in genes associated with antioxidants were additionally assessed. Antioxidant enzyme activity was checked after SK-BR3 treatment with hWJMSCs-Se.

 In the hWJMSCs-Se-treated SK-BR3 cells, colony counts, and viability percentages decreased significantly with time and concentration. The treated cells displayed considerably greater apoptotic indices when compared to the control. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly greater in the hWJMSCs-Se-exposed SK-BR3 cells. The Vimentin gene and N-cadherin gene were significantly elevated in the treated cells, and E-cadherin and β-catenin decreased conversely.

 The present study suggests that the use of hWJMSCs in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive malignancies provides an innovative solution for cancer therapy. As the oxidant level and EMT pathway decreased, breast cancer cell growth was significantly restricted, and mortality increased.

Anthropometric investigations provide valuable data in a variety of groups. The present study aimed to compare the typical hip joint anatomical variations in the south-western population of Iran with those in other populations. This study was carried out on 1000 normal hip joints of participants from both genders in the age group 18–80 years, who had referred to Abadan Medical College Hospitals, Abadan, Iran,  during 2020-2021 to perform the anthropometric analysis. The CT scan gadget was used to obtain a scan and an axial image of the patients’ hip joints. Moreover, neck shaft angle (NSA), head circumference (HC), and neck width (NW) were measured and calculated in all patients. The participants’ mean age was 47 years, and the values obtained for the parameters NSA (142.4°), HC (47.7 mm), and NW (28.9 mm) in this study differed from those reported in other studies. Significant changes were also observed between the right and left sides and the gender of the proximal end of the femur in the study population. When comparing the present findings with those of other studies, there are some differences between the right and left side in NSAs, which were remarkably significant in women populations. Moreover, NW on the right side of the male participants was also remarkably significant. Moreover, HC was comparable to the findings of previous investigations.

 Silymarin (SM) has beneficial effects against numerous different types of toxicants. However, the low bioavailability of SM has limited its therapeutic effects.

 This study investigated the toxic effect of nanostructured SM (NSM) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles on nephrotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in mice.

 The encapsulation of SM in PLGA was performed by the solvent evaporation method. A total of 48 NMRI mice were used in this experimental study. The mice were pretreated with SM or NSM (5 mg/kg) for 7 days, and APAP (300 mg/kg) was administrated on the 6th day. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid were measured. Histological assessment and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes were also carried out.

 The APAP destroyed the structure of the renal tissue and significantly reduced renal weight and glomerulus diameters (P < 0.01). The APAP also caused a significant increase in the serum levels of biochemical markers (P < 0.001) and expression of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in the renal tissue (P < 0.001). The NSM could improve the renal structure and significantly increase renal weight and glomerulus in the APAP-intoxicated mice. The NSM significantly reduced the level of the biochemical tests and the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in the APAP-treated group (P < 0.01).

 The obtained data indicate that PLGA effectively enhances the nephroprotective effects of SM on nephrotoxicity induced by APAP.

For tissue engineering and clinical translation strategies, it is essential to have a reliable and safe lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. To deal with several problems caused by growth factor delivery systems and growth factors, exosomes have been used as biomimetic tools to trigger the differentiation of stem cells. It is believed that cell type-specific exosomes can induce lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. Exosomes trigger cell viability, cell proliferation and differentiation, embryonic implantation, and migration. They have been used successfully in regenerative medicine, such as liver fibrosis, renal diseases, cardiac ischemia, stroke, and skin injuries. The findings highlighted the necessity to take into account the condition and source of exosome donor cells before selecting them for therapeutic use.

In this study, the effects of dry grapefruit waste at levels of 3,5 and 7% (w/w) and sesame oil cake at 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (w/w) to control of the root knot-nematode Meloidogyne javanica within tomato roots in sterilized and non-sterilized soils were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Also, C:N ratio, roots total phenolic content, chlorophyll and growth factors of host plant were evaluated. The results showed that treatments of 7% grapefruit wastes and 1.5% sesame oil cake, in non-sterilized soil reduced the final nematode population by 54.5% and 83%, respectively. Increasing the percentage of wastes improved the growth indices of infected plants. The highest increases were in 7% grapefruit waste and 1.5% sesame oil cake in non-sterilized soil, and the lowest was in control and sterilized soil. The C:N ratio in treatments of 7% grapefruit wastes and 1.5% sesame oil cake in non-sterilized soil was 8.06 and 10.17, respectively. In comparison to the control, the amounts of total root phenol and leaf chlorophyll of nematode infected tomato increased. In the laboratory trial, the lowest survival rate of the nematode second juveniles occurred in treatment of 7% grapefruit wastes by 3.58% and in 1.5% sesame oil cake during 72 hours by 44.42% after 72 hourse. Inaddition, the lowest egg hatching rates after four days were 4.62% and 13.88% for these treatments, respectively.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the 10th</sup> most common infectious disease in the world, and it is one of the major health problems in Iran despite the implementation of the National Tuberculosis Control Program.

Tuberculosis data in Iran were used in 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Treatment. The data on mortality and incidence of disease were determined by age groups, sex, and the provinces of country. Data were analyzed using Excel (2010) and SPSS software.

The overall incidence rate of tuberculosis in the country was 9.7 per 100000 population (10.7 in men and 8.7 in women). The highest incidence rate of TB and mortality in both sexes were over 80 years. The death rate was 1 person per 100,000 populations, 57.7% of whom were men. Most of the deaths were from pulmonary tuberculosis. The highest incidence and mortality rates were reported in Golestan and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces.

The incidence and mortality rate of TB has decreased in recent decades in Iran. Nevertheless, considering the raising trend of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the patients with TB, and the neighborhood with endemic countries, TB should be noticed as one of the most important health priorities in the health system of the country.

Due to the increase of microbial resistance to antibiotics and the occurrence of side effects, use of medicinal plants with anti-microbial properties seems to be rational. Hence, in this study, some plants of the Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, and Cucurbitaceae families were evaluated for antimicrobial effects. The aerial parts of the plants were extracted by different solvents using a Soxhlet apparatus. Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of the extracts on different microbial species was assessed. Extracts with high growth inhibitory effect were fractionated and their MIC was determined. Furthermore, primary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis were used to identify the chemical compounds of potent samples of n-hexane extracts of Eryngium caerulum (E. caeruleum) and Eryngium thyrsoideum (E. thyrsoideum.) Both plants showed considerable antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis   among the fractions, 40% and 60% VLC fractions of n-hex extract of E. caeruleum and 40% VLC fraction of n-hexane extract of E. thyrsoideum illustrated the most growth inhibitory effect. Moreover, the results of preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis confirmed that steroids, fatty acids and terpenoids play an important role to show anti-microbial activity, respectively. Among all samples, the 40% VLC fraction of n-hexane extract of E. thyrsoideum for possessing high amounts of fatty acids and terpenoids indicated the most anti-microbial potency.

Customer relationship management (CRM) is one of the fastest growing management approaches which can lead to stronger competitive position, resulting in larger market share and profitability. In this study, CRM efficiency among the customers of the Iranian banks is analyzed using a network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) approach. To implement CRM in the NDEA model, input, intermediate and output variables are service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, respectively. This research is a descriptive survey in which the total customers of different Iranian banks in Isfahan comprise the statistical population. The sample included 420 people that were selected by cluster sampling. After distributing questionnaires, only 245 questionnaires were completed. The model is tested via PLS path modeling and confirmed. To rank banks performance, NDEA model is used. Results show the power of NDEA model in the differentiation of the banks since there are no two banks with the same rank. The efficiency of sub-process is also presented to extract the reason of inefficiency in the total process. Because of the adopted research approach, the research results may lack generalization. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. The paper includes a model for assessing CRM with NDEA model and helps managers rank their companies in the customers' point of view.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells of pancreas. Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug, which increases beta cell mass. In the present study, the effects of VG on generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is investigated.
In this experimental study, ASCs were isolated and after characterization were exposed to differentiation media with or without VG. The presence of IPCs was confirmed by morphological analysis and gene expression (Pdx-1, Glut-2 and Insulin). Newport Green staining was used to determine insulin-positive cells. Insulin secretion under different concentrations of glucose was measured using radioimmunoassay method.
In the presence of VG the morphology of differentiated cells was similar to the pancreatic islet cells. Expression of Pdx-1, Glut-2 and Insulin genes in VG-treated cells was significantly higher than the cells exposed to induction media only. Insulin release from VG-treated ASCs showed a nearly 3.6 fold (P The present study has demonstrated that VG elevates differentiation of ASCs into IPCs. Improvement of this protocol may be used in cell therapy in diabetic patients.

Pressurized flushing is one of the common methods in sediment flushing of dam reservoirs. In this method, sediments settled in the reservoir are released out of the dam together with water flow using the bottom outlet. For increasing the performance of pressurized flushing, it is attempted to fall down water level to minimum height of operation. Also, in the previous researches, the performance of different hydraulic and structural methods was evaluated in order to increase the pressurized flushing. Researchers have always tried to recognize the process of flushing and effective parameters and therefore, propose efficient procedures to increase the performance of flushing. Aim of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of the number of rows, height and arrangement of submerged vanes in the enhancement of flushing reservoir.
To carry out the experiments of this research, a physical model including sediment reservoir, settling basins and water supplied tank was used. Submerged vanes were set up in front of bottom outlet with two heights (HV/D>1 HV/D Results showed that with decreasing the raw number of vanes in parallel arrangement, the performance of sediment flushing was increased. On the other hand, one-raw submerged vanes (double vanes) with relative height HV/D=0.5 and 2 have the best flushing performance with 173 and 231 percentages respectively compared with control model. Also, submerged vanes with relative height HV/D=2 have better performance than ones with relative height HV/D=0.5. The radial arrangement of vanes increased effectively the flushing performance. So that the flushing performance of submerged vanes relative height HV/D=0.5 and 2 increased about 11.33 and 4.1 times compared with the control model. In the radial arrangement, the flushing performance of vanes with relative height HV/D= 2 were less than ones with relative height HV/D=0.5 because of focusing the approaching inflow on the back of the side vanes.
Radial arrangement could increase the flushing intensity (especially with increasing the water depth of reservoirs). This condition is a relative advantage for flushing. In the other words, the flushing operation has more efficiency in the full condition of dam reservoirs and it is not necessary to fall down the water level of reservoir.

Challenges of service provision systems necessitate the presence of staff with higher motivation to work more efficiently, so paying close attention to job satisfaction of these staffs to enhance organizational efficiency sounds essential. The aim of this study was to investigate and among those staffs working in a Shohadaye Tajrish educational Hospital in Tehran. This was a cross-sectional correlative study on a 200-staff sample in a teaching hospital in Tehran which was selected by a simple accidental sampling in 2013. The research instrument was a questionnaire with 25 questions that was considered suitable for face and construct validity and reliability. Data analysis was done by parametric statistics and Pearson correlation on statistical level of 0.05 applying SPSS version 18. Results indicated that the highest average of the participants was related to satisfaction of coworker's dimension 4.05±¬0.87, and the least average belonged to satisfaction of salary 1.54±0.74. Furthermore, there was positive and statisticant relation between the whole satisfaction and all other five dimensions of the model. Finally the analysis among two variables (sex and age) and whole job satisfaction had significant relationship. It seems that correcting reward mechanisms in hospitals and applying managerial tools like performance-based-management can improve the staffs` performance and motivation. In addition, reinforcing the social relationships among coworkers may lead to incremental changes in one of the most important dimensions of the model and finally affect the whole satisfaction.

The objective of resistive economy overall policies is creating appropriate environment for Iran’s economy movement on a sustainable growth path. Planning based resistive economy require to be dealt with Any disruptive factor for sustainable growth and plan strategies to be chosen so that minimize risks and uncertainties relevant to achieve to its goals. Survey about performance of Iran’s economy show that moreover, low mean of performance key variables, Iran’s economy has high volatilities. The base of low performance and its volatility return to two main factors, namely inappropriate economy policies and so impulses derived external sanctions. The common mode of the factors, namely inappropriate economy policies and impulses derive in how use of oil resources. Dependence on government revenue and so foreign exchange earnings to oil revenues and its crude sale is the main problem of Iran and until a solution isn’t found for that, unsustainability in Iran’s economy will continue.The purpose of this study was to find a long-term solution to reduce dependence on oil revenues in 6th development plan or use of resistive economy strategies. Regarding to world oil outlook, use of oil in sectors such as transportation, industry especially petrochemical, household/ commercial/ agriculture consumptions and power generation instead of crude oil sale, can be resolve the problem.

Porpuse: The aim of this study is investigation on readiness of Iranian university libraries to provide electronic public services. According to the research gap regarding the use of information and communication technology to provide public services in these centers indicate the necessity of this study. Research method is survey, and the population is university libraries under the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and ones of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education census and University Library of Azad provincial capitals, which have been studied, purposeful sampling. This cross - functional survey has used four questionnaires that are researcher made. With regarding public services provided from any library in the three categories (reference, information and loan) results showed that the acquaintance of users, administrators and academic librarians ' electronic public services " has been at a low level (2/98) and attitudes towards these groups to provide these services generally has been moderate (3/78). Acquaintance of and attitudes towards the provision of reference services by these groups in academic libraries had more electronic public services. Non of Iranian university libraries provide high level electronic public services. Academic libraries in future planning applications for electronic public services are in average range (3/91).

According to the importance of manpower in all of the organizations and specially hospitals as the most significant center for healthcare provision and considering those evidences assume higher level of creativity in the organizations can lead to higher stage of effectiveness, productivity and satisfaction. This study is conducted to investigate the effect of multi internal organizational factors on creativity and productivity. This was a cross-sectional descriptive analytic study that was conducted on 123 of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital`s staffs in 1390 that was selected with systematic accidental sampling. The research instrument was a 76-item questionnaire that its face and content validity were determined by expert view. For determination of construct validity in each aspect of the questionnaire, Spearman co-relation was applied. Furthermore, reliability was confirmed using α Chronbach. Data was analyzed by relevant statistical tests on the significant level of 0.05. Results showed that there was a significant statistical relationship among all the aspects of inter- organizational factors and creativity except challenging work. On the other hand, only three dimensions of superior reward, organization reward and adequate resources had a statistical relationship with productivity. As organizational culture and creativity are presented as two predictor factors for effectiveness and production, it is essential to be institutionalized in the organizations. It is also important for managers to develop a creative culture inside their organizations that can be interacted positively with productivity.

A numerical investigation of water-alumina natural convection laminar flow in an inclined L shape cavity is performed. Two wall of the cavity are hot with the temperature of Th, two walls are cold with the temperature of Tc, and two other walls are thermally adiabatic. The two dimensional continuity, momentums and energy equations are solved numerically with a finite volume approach using the well known SIMPLE algorithm. The influence of pertinent parameters such as Rayleigh number, Ra, solid volume fraction,, inclination angle,, and cavity aspect ratio, A, on the fluid flow, fluid temperature and cavity heat transfer characteristics is studied. The results indicate that nanofluid with higher nanoparticles has better performance. The results also show that the inclination angle has a significant effect on the heat transfer performance at high Rayleigh numbers.

One of the most important issues in the municipalities, across the globe, is providing sufficient income resources for financing the urban services. In Iran, the over dependency of many municipalities, especially that of Tehran, on such an unsustainable income resource as the housing section, in addition to its effect on the increase in the housing prices, has made the municipality face financial problems at different periods of time. A study on income resources and the income of the municipalities of the world cities and also utilizing the experiences of those which have a structure the same as that of Tehran may help solve the problems of the municipality. In this research, the method of investigation was descriptive and contrastive and the purpose was making a comparison between the financial and income resources of Tehran and the most important cities of the world which have the governing system similar to that of Tehran. The results showed that the main income resources of the municipalities of the world cities are the direct selling of the services (via receiving the price of urban services), collecting taxes and duties, utilizing the financial supports of the government (governmental money transfers), obtaining loans, and issuing urban bonds (utilizing financial markets as a complement to income system). The results also showed that the main income resource of the large cities is receiving the tax and duty from the citizens and one of the most sustainable tax resources is the tax on assets. Therefore, based on the comparative studies, the increase in the income from urban taxes, the selling of services, governmental transfers (the transfer of a part of national tax to the municipality), and to some extent the increase in financial supports by the government are argued to be the best income resources for the municipality of Tehran.

A simple and efficient method for the one-pot Biginelli condensation reaction of aldehydes, β-dicarbonyl compounds and urea or thiourea employing tetrameric DABCO-bromine as a novel catalyst is described.

ObjectiveFebrile seizure is the most common seizure disorder in children. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood yet; however, some risk factors have been cited for it. Iron is one of these influential elements and is involved in the metabolism of some neurotransmitters which are reduced in irondeficiency anemia and also increases the sensitivity of neural cells during a febrile episode. The present study aimed to determine the rate of febrile seizure in thalassemic patients and to compare it with the corresponding rate in the normal population.Materials & MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 766 patients with thalassemia major. They were all older than 6 months and were referred to Dastghaib Cooly''s Clinic, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from Oct 2006 to May 2007, and 766 normal and healthy children as the control group. Questionnaires containing demographic data and past history of febrile seizure, age of febrile seizure, number of episodes, hospitalization, and related family history were prepared and filled through interviewing the parents.ResultsFebrile seizure was detected in 7 cases of the patient group (0.9%) versus 18 cases (2.3%) of the control group. The frequency of febrile seizure in the controls was 2.5 times more than that in the thalassemia group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed a lower rate of febrile convulsion in thalassemic patients compared to the control group. Accordingly, it could be suggested that high iron storage is a protective factor against febrile convulsion.