samaneh najary forushani

With the increase of divorce phenomenon and social changes, couples' communication patterns have changed and it is necessary to discover and identify them. The purpose of this research was to analyze the communication patterns of couples on the verge of separation.

The qualitative research design was of thematic analysis type and the community included all couples referred for separation to counseling centers and family courts in Isfahan city, who were selected by purposive sampling method and according to the entry criteria. These people were investigated using a semi-structured interview and the data reached saturation with 12 interviews. Data analysis was performed according to the Claizian model.

After analyzing the data and coding them, 104 initial codes, 17 central codes and 3 main codes were extracted. Disregarding communication pattern, avoidant communication patterns and aggressive communication pattern in the main code and not paying attention to the other, not caring and ignoring the other, lack of companionship and empathy, not having the opportunity to be together, not participating, not giving the other a chance to speak, not expressing Emotions, forgetfulness, silence, giving reasons, condemning the other party, mental reading, alternative mechanisms, using inappropriate verbal and non-verbal ways, comparing with others, harassing the other party, lack of trust were classified in the central code.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that neglectful, avoidant, and aggressive communication patterns can each lead to the tendency to divorce among couples. Paying attention to the categories of the current research can be effective in order to prevent marital conflicts and reduce the divorce rate.

Therefore, the present study has been conducted to predict PPD in the mothers according to stress and perceived social support taking the mediator role of vulnerable personality into account. This research was correlational and basic. The research sample included 300 mothers in Isfahan who gave birth to a child in recent 6 months and were selected through a convenient sampling method. Afterward, they answered the research instruments including the Edinburgh Depression Questionnaire (1978), Harry Stress Questionnaire (2005), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Zimet et al. (1988), and Vulnerable Personality Questionnaire, Bois et al. (2004). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through the covariance method through AMOS24 software. The findings showed that the results of direct relationships of research variables were significant in all coefficients in the mothers’ model (P < 0.05). The results showed that vulnerable personality has a mediation role in the relationship between stress and perceived social support with PPD in the mothers. In fact, a vulnerable personality can improve the relationship between stress and perceived social support with PPD.

Postpartum depression in men and the risk of adverse effects on the relationship with the child as well as relationships with the spouse are of particular importance.

Therefore, this study aims to predict the birth of a baby in fathers based on stress and perceived social support with respect to the mediating role of vulnerable individuals. done.

This study was a correlational and applied study. The sample consisted of 300 fathers in Isfahan who had a baby in the last six months and were selected as available. Then they answered the research tools including Edinburgh Depression Inventory (1978), Harry Stress Inventory (2005), Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS), Zimet et al. (1988) and Boyce et al. (2004) Vulnerable Personality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling based on the covariance method of AMOS software version 24.

The results showed that in the fathers model, except for the path of "perceived stress to postpartum depression" and "social support for postpartum depression", other pathways are significant (p <0.05).

The results showed that the model of predicting postpartum depression based on stress and social support has a good fit due to the mediating role of vulnerable personality in the group of fathers. The results also showed that all exogenous and mediating variables, namely perceived stress, social support and vulnerability, could predict 25% of postpartum depression in fathers

Postpartum depression in fathers, if it occurs, can make a difference in their feelings and perceptions. This study aimed to compare stress, perceived social support and vulnerable personality in fathers with postpartum depression and fathers without postpartum depression.

This was a causal-comparative study. The sample consisted of 300 fathers in Isfahan who had a baby in the last six months and were selected as available. Then they answered the research tools including Harry Stress Questionnaire (2005), Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS), Zimet et al. (1988) and Boyce et al. (2004) Vulnerable Personality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that the mean scores of at least one of the variables of stress, perceived social support and vulnerable personality were significantly different between the two groups of fathers with postpartum depression and no depression (P <0.001). There is also a significant difference between the scores of vulnerable personality in the two groups of fathers with postpartum depression and no depression (p <0.001). But the difference between the two groups in the variables of stress and perceived social support was not significant.

It seems that in fathers with vulnerable personalities, stressors are controlled and more social support is needed.