فهرست مطالب samira khayat

Waterpipe smoking is associated with maternal and fetal complications, and valid data contribute to evidence‑based planning. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors related with waterpipe smoking among pregnant women of Zahedan city in 2020.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2020, and 400 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy who lived in Zahedan participated in it by single stage randomized cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to measure awareness of waterpipe complications, and another one investigated the status of waterpipe smoking to collect data. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used through SPSS 21.

The findings indicated that the prevalence of waterpipe smoking was 18.8%. In the waterpipe smoking group, 46.6% smoked every day, 89.3% had tried to reduce the smoking, and 64.8% reported fetal death as their main motivation to reduce smoking. Only 5.6% of subjects stated receiving training as the reason for reduction of their waterpipe smoking. The women’s level of education, economic status, ethnicity, and awareness of the risks of waterpipe smoking were the predictors for waterpipe smoking (P < 0.05, P = 0.03, P = 0.006, and P < 0.001, respectively).

The results of this study show the high prevalence of waterpipe smoking in pregnant women of Zahedan. Further investigation and training in this regard are essential for pregnancy as well as pre‑pregnancy care. Special attention should be paid to groups with better economic status and level of education, Baluch women, and those with low level of awareness.

Improving self‑care in adolescent pregnancy leads to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy. However, self‑care in adolescent pregnancy is less than other women. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of face‑to‑face training and telemedicine on self‑care in adolescent pregnant women.

The present study is a quasi‑experimental study that was conducted in Zahedan in 2021 and 120 adolescent pregnant women with a gestational age of 15–20 weeks participated in it. The sampling was done in multistage, and the samples were divided into three groups: Face‑to‑face training, telemedicine, and control. Face‑to‑face training was presented in five sessions and the telemedicine group received the similar educational content through the mobile applications. The samples completed a researcher‑made self‑care questionnaire before the intervention and at 28 weeks of gestation. SPSS software version 21 was used for the analysis, and data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests.

There was no significant difference in face‑to‑face and telemedicine training in improving the scores of nutritional performance, smoking and narcotics use, personal hygiene, and routine pregnancy care (P > 0.05), but face‑to‑face training caused more improvement in the scores of sports and physical activity as compared to telemedicine group (P = 0.04). Face‑to‑face training and telemedicine training in all domains led to a significant improvement in scores as compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

The results of this study showed that the face‑to‑face training and telemedicine methods were proper methods for self‑care education in pregnant adolescent women. It is recommended to use these methods in promoting self‑care in pregnant adolescent women.

Fear of childbirth is a common problem during pregnancy, which can give rise to sleep disorders and diminish sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive– behavioral training on fear of childbirth and sleep quality of pregnant adolescent slum dwellers who visited the slum health centers of Zahedan city, Iran, in 2020.

This quasi‑experimental study was conducted in 2020 on 100 pregnant adolescent slum dwellers between 11 and 19 years old at 24–28 weeks pregnant. Multi‑stage sampling was used and the participants were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received four sessions of cognitive–behavioral training at weekly intervals. The control group only received routine care. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were filled before and 4 weeks after the training course. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using independent t‑test, paired t‑test, Fisher’s exact test, and Chi‑squared test. and covariance. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

After the intervention, the fear of childbirth significantly decreased (P = 0.004), and sleep quality significantly improved (P = 0.001) in the intervention group compared with the control group. The results of analysis of covariance to control the significant effect of pre‑test scores showed that the mean score of fear of childbirth (P = 0.03) and mean score of sleep quality (P = 0.001) in the two groups after the intervention was statistically significant.

The results showed that in addition to reducing fear of childbirth, cognitive–behavioral training improved the sleep quality of women in the intervention group. Therefore, this training could be used as an easy and accessible method without complications to improve women’s health.

The coronavirus pandemic has increased stress and anxiety among pregnant women and established barriers to in-person care around the world. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of COVID-19 self-care training via telemedicine on perceived stress and corona disease anxiety in pregnant women.

The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 pregnant women who referred to comprehensive health centers in Zahedan, Iran between June and September 2021. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups of 50 subjects. The intervention group received the educational content via WhatsApp Messenger in six sessions. Data collection tools were Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). The self-administered questionnaires were completed before the intervention and one month after the training program.

After the intervention, mean PSS score in the intervention group (25.34±6.63) was significantly reduced compared to the control group (28.42±5.75) (p=0.015). Also, mean CDAS score in the intervention group (13.14±7.29) had a significant decrease compared to the control group (20.54±6.67) (P<0.001).

The results of our study confirmed the effectiveness of COVID-19 self-care training via telemedicine in reducing the perceived stress and anxiety of pregnant women during the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, the use of this method in the care of pregnant women is recommended to mitigate stress and anxiety.

Many women refuse to exercise during pregnancy due to lack of awareness and not receiving training. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of group and telemedicine education on exercise during pregnancy by using the health belief model (HBM).

This quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2019 in Zahedan, and a total of 135 pregnant women participated in it. Samples were randomly assigned to the following three groups: group training (n = 45), telemedicine (n = 45), and control (n = 45). Group training was presented in three sessions, and the telemedicine group received the educational content through mobile applications. The samples completed the HBM questionnaire before and 6 weeks after the intervention. In addition, within 6 weeks after the intervention, they completed the exercise activity schedule. SPSS software Ver. 16 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for analysis, and data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test.

After intervention, the scores of HBM constructs and exercise levels in group training, telemedicine group, and control group, respectively, were as follows: perceived susceptibility 25.91 ± 3.24, 25.51 ± 1.97, and 22.55 ± 3.78; perceived severity 27.48 ± 2.27, 25.13 ± 2.29, and 22.51 ± 3.88; perceived benefits 27.28 ± 2.97, 25.68 ± 3, and 22.8 ± 3.05; perceived barriers 10.69 ± 2.69, 10.66 ± 3.19, and 14.17 ± 3.14; cues to action 24.71 ± 4.35, 23.9 ± 2.48, and 22.84 ± 3.02; self-efficacy 26.17 ± 3.05, 25.2 ± 2.82, and 22.51 ± 3.38; and exercise levels 70.99 ± 20.43, 56.51 ± 21.99, and 37.62 ± 29.66. Group training and telemedicine led to significant improvement in all HBM constructs and exercise levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Group training provided more improvement than telemedicine in the scores of perceived severity (P < 0.0001), perceived benefits (P = 0.001), cues to action (P = 0.02), and mean exercise time (P = 0.001).

The results of this study showed that the HBM is a proper model for exercise education in pregnant women. It is recommended to use HBM as a group training and telehealth in promoting the rate of exercise in pregnant women.

Reproductive health has been documented as international human rights. In this respect, residing in slums can lead to poor reproductive health status due to reduced access to healthcare services. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine women’s reproductive health status in urban slums in southeast Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 400 married slum-dwelling women in southeastern Iran were selected through random sampling in 2017. The inclusion criteria were marriage, residence in slum areas, and age group of 15-49 years. To collect the data, the Reproductive Health Needs Assessment questionnaire was completed using face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data using SPSS software (version 19).

67.8% of sample were women who were married before the age of 18. Also 36% of the subjects had more than four children, and 79.9% of them experienced an inter-pregnancy interval of less than 3 years. Moreover, 96.8% of the participants received prenatal care services, and 81% of the individuals used family planning methods. Unintended pregnancies experienced by 26% of the subjects, and 59% of them suffered from reproductive tract infections within the last year. The prevalence rate of sexual and physical violence were 40% and 20.5%, respectively.

Although the coverage of prenatal, childbirth, and family planning services was appropriate in this region, the domains of family planning, physical and sexual violence, as well as marriage age in women living in urban slums, were undesirable and required more efforts to be improved by reproductive health professionals.

Most women experience the premenstrual syndrome at their reproductive ages. This syndrome is a combination of psychological, physical In this double-blind clinical trial, 70 students with PMS were randomly assigned to either the curcumin or placebo groups. Each participant received two capsules daily from seven days before menstruation to three days after menstruation for three cycles. They recorded severity of the symptoms by daily record questionnaire. The data of before interventions, and 1, 2 and 3 months after interventions and P Before intervention, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of PMS symptoms in the two groups (103.6 ±39.19 in curcumin group VS 106(.
Based on results of this study, curcumin is effective in reduction of severity of psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms of PMS, and we suggest curcumin as treatment for PMS.

Most women at reproductive ages experience the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Different methods have been suggested for the treatment of this syndrome and one of them is using herbal medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of ginger and curcumin on severity of symptoms of PMS. In this double-blind clinical trial, 105 students with PMS symptoms were randomly assigned to ginger, curcumin and placebo groups. Participants received two capsules daily from seven days before menstruation to three days after menstruation for three cycles and they recorded severity of the symptoms by Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) questionnaire. Data of before interventions and 1, 2 and 3 months after interventions were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA and indepented t-test. SPSS-18 software was used for analyses and P<0/05 was considered significant. The mean of PMS symptoms severity were similar in three groups before the intervention [(110/2±30/7 in ginger group, 103/6±39/1 in curcumin group and106/7±44/65 in placebo group) p=0/79], but after interventions there were significant differences between groups [(47/06 ±33/4 in ginger group, 29/74±11/6 in curcumin group and106±48/7 in placebo group) P<0/0001]. Also, there was a significant difference between effects of curcumin and ginger (P=0/008). Ginger and curcumin are effective in reduction of severity of psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms of PMS and the effect of curcumin is more than ginger. Results of present study suggest curcumin and ginger as treatment for PMS.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that onset in the first 3 years of life and led to lifelong disability. Despite the early onset of symptoms, diagnosis of thissyndromedoes not happenuntil severalyears later, somany childrenlosethe opportunityfor earlyintervention. There arevarious toolsforscreening anddiagnosis, buttheirdesign, strengths and weaknesses aredifferent. The aim of this study was assess these tools from various aspects to provide a comprehensive view. This study is a narrative literature review on screeningtoolsof autism. Comprehensive searches of the scientific literature were conducted in textbooks and 8 electronic databases (proquest, wiley, google scholar, SID, Scopus, Web of Science، Science Direct، and Medline) and Pediatric book. language restriction (Persian and English) was applied. The search strategy consisted of keywords and medical subject headings for autism and various screening tests. In this study, 28 screening tests were identified from 1992 to 2014. CHAT is oldest test and the most recent test is CAST The minimum age that can perform the screening is six months that related to ITC. Minimum time of testing was 5 minutes for CHAT and the maximum time was 90-120 minutes for ASIEP-3. RAADS-R test was the highest specificity and specificity (100%) and the lowest specificity was 14% in ESAT test The results of this study indicate that any of the autism screening tools consider specific skill and various aspects of the disease, careful evaluation is need to choose proper test.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in women of reproductive ages. Regarding the unknown etiology of this syndrome، several treatments are recommended; one of them is use of medicinal herbs. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Ginger on severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. In this double-blind clinical trial study، 70 students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences، Iran، which suffered from premenstrual syndrome were randomly assigned to Ginger and placebo groups in 2013. Participants received two capsules daily from seven days before menstruation to three days after it for three cycles and they recorded severity of their symptoms. Demographic information form and daily record of symptoms questionnaire were data collection tools. Data of before interventions and 1، 2 and 3 months after it were analyzed using repeated-measurement analysis of variances and indepented t tests via SPSS18 software. P < 0. 05 was considered significant. Before intervention، there were no significant difference (P = 0. 710) between the mean scores of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in the two groups (110. 20 ± 30/77 in Ginger and 106. 70 ± 44. 65 in placebo groups). But at 1، 2 and 3 months after intervention، there were significant differences (P < 0. 001(between the mean scores of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in the two groups (105. 70 ± 45. 76، 107. 20 ± 50. 68 and 106. 00 ± 48. 74 in placebo، and 51. 18 ± 32. 76، 49. 48 ± 33. 12، and 47. 06 ± 33. 41 in Ginger groups، respectively). Based on results of this study، Ginger may be effective in reduction of severity of psychological، physical and behavioral symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. However، therapeutic use of these drugs needs further studies.

Oxidative stress in teratozoospermic semen samples caused poorassisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes. Among antioxidants, ascorbicacid is a naturally occurring free radical scavenger and as such its presence assistsvarious other mechanisms in decreasing numerous disruptive free radical processes. The main goal of this study was to evaluate potential protective effects of ascorbic acid supplementation during in vitro culture of teratozoospermic specimens. Teratozoospermic semen samples that collected from 15 volunteers were processed, centrifuged and incubated at 37PoPC until sperm swimmed-up. Supernatant was divided into four groups and incubated at 37PoPC for one hour under different experimental conditions: Control, 10 μm A23187, 600μm ascorbic acid and 10 μm A23187+600 μm ascorbic acid. After incubation sperm motility, viability, acrosome reaction, DNA damage and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated. Our results indicated that after one hour incubation, ascorbic acid significantly reduced malondialdehyde level in ascorbic acid group (1.4±0.11 nmol/ml) compared to control group (1.58±0.13 nmol/ml) (p<0.001). At the end of incubation, progressive motility and viability in ascorbic acid group (64.5±8.8% and 80.3±6.4%, respectively) were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) higher than the control group (54.5±6.8% and 70.9±7.3%, respectively). A23187 significantly (p<0.0001) increased acrosome reaction in A23187 group (37.3±5.6%) compared to control group (8.5±3.2%) and this effect of A23187 attenuated by ascorbic acid in ascorbic acid+A23187 group (17.2±4.4%). DNA fragmentation in ascorbic acid group (20±4.1%) was significantly (p<0.001) lower than controls (28.9±4.6%). In vitro ascorbic acid supplementation during teratozoospermic semenprocessing for ART could protect teratozoospermic specimens against oxidativestress, and it could improve ART outcome.

Recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a very important role in the intracellular signaling process in physiological conditions. On the other hand، during the recent decade it has been indicated that ROS play a role in various types of male infertility and it is due to the overproduction of ROS or decrease in the antioxidant defense system in the reproductive system and sperm. In pathological conditions، ROS via interferences in the spermatogenesis process، sperm function، and sperm structure (motility، viability، acrosome reaction، sperm-oocyte fusion، and damage to DNA and cell membrane) as well as reduction in fertilization and implantation can lead to infertility. Knowledge of how ROS affect the physiological process of the reproductive system is crucial in the treatment of infertility. Thus، in this review article we will discuss experimental and clinical findings related to the effects of ROS on male fertility.

An important cause of male infertility is the bacterial infections of the genitourinary tract. These infections affect sperm cell function and whole spermatogenesis and also cause deterioration in spermatogenesis, obstruction of the seminal tract, and impairment of spermatozoa function. The most important bacteria associated with genitourinary tract infections include chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and genital mycoplasma species. Inappropriate or delayed therapy of the bacterial infections of the genitourinary tract will lead to reduced fertility and, subsequently in severe cases, infertility. In other words, a good understanding of the interaction between bacterial infections and the reproductive system plays an important role in the treatment of infertile men. In this review article, we will discuss clinical and laboratory findings related to the bacterial infection of the genitourinary tract and its effects on male infertility.