فهرست مطالب samireh saymohammadi

Today, green entrepreneurship as a new approach has drawn the attention of public and educational policymaking in different countries, so no one can deny the importance of producing healthy agricultural products to maintain the health of society and the environment. The present research was an applied study in terms of the goal and a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) study in terms of the methodology in which the SWOT analysis technique was used. The statistical population was composed of all female farmers in Ilam province who had successfully received the Permissible Pollutant Threshold License for the crops from Ilam province’s General Directorate of Standards. The participants were sampled purposively by the snowball technique. The data collection instrument in the qualitative phase was deep and semi-structured interviews conducted both individually and collectively. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire and the SPSS software were used to build the SWOT matrix to identify four strategies (offensive, defensive, conservative, and competitive). Based on the results, the aggressive strategies (SO) include planning to export healthy crops to neighboring countries including Iraq, conservative strategies (WO) include determining successful and forward-looking models in the field of healthy crop production and celebrating and honoring them annually, competitive strategies (ST) include the use of modified seeds in healthy crop production, and defensive strategies (WT) include creating a sales market or vegetable market for healthy crops. The results of prioritizing suitable solutions for the development of healthy products in Ilam province showed that planning for the export of healthy crops to neighboring countries, including Iraq and creating a desire to produce healthy crops by providing the necessary support, training, and information are two of the most important solutions for the development of healthy crops in Ilam province. The results can guide governmental and educational-extension policymakers to develop green entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.

The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities of agricultural production businesses in the rural cooperatives of Ilam province. In this study, the Delphi method was used. The target population of this study includes; employees working in the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam province and cities, employees working in the management of rural cooperatives of the province and cities, CEO and board of directors of the union and rural cooperatives, board of agricultural experts and the trade union system of Ilam province. A total of 110 people were selected as experts using purposive sampling method. The main tools of the study are interviews and semi-structured and structured questionnaires that were designed in three rounds. To analyze the Delphi stages, the statistical indices of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to determine the degree of consensus of the participants using SPSS software. The results showed that cases such as; Development of mushroom production and problem solving, development of native poultry production, development of honey production and problem solving of honey treatment, development of medicinal plants, development of livestock breeding (sheep, lamb and goat) and development of city gardens such as grapes and pomegranates and fruits and products market Garden, are some of the opportunities are available in all counties.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing economic poverty of rural female-headed households. The statistical population of this study were consisted those rural female-headed households who were under support of Assistance Committee and Well-being Organization of Kermanshah County. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of regression analysis showed that the variables of having skills in a job, financial status of the paternal family, lack of initial capital, level of familiarity with the labor market and the presence of educated unemployed in the household have the greatest effect on the economic poverty of rural female-headed households. In general, it can be argued that almost half of the female headed households are housewives and do not have any jobs or sources of income. Therefore, it is recommended that the authorities and custodians provide the room for creating home-based jobs and jobs that do not require much skills, and also provide conditions for these women to be able to take care of household responsibilities while working.

The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities of agricultural production businesses in the rural cooperatives of Ilam province. This study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of research method. In this study, the Delphi method was used. The target population of this study includes; employees working in the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam province and cities, employees working in the management of rural cooperatives of the province and cities, CEO and board of directors of the union and rural cooperatives, board of agricultural experts and the trade union system of Ilam province. A total of 110 people were selected as experts using purposive sampling method. The main tools of the study are interviews and semi-structured and structured questionnaires that were designed in three rounds. To analyze the Delphi stages, the statistical indices of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to determine the degree of consensus of the participants using SPSS software. The results showed that cases such as; creating markets for livestock and agricultural inputs, collecting and packaging livestock oil in the region, establishing a village store (direct supply of agricultural products in cooperation with rural cooperatives) and establishing a specialized store for agricultural tools and inputs are some of the opportunities are available in all counties.

In this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each application. Satellite images taken from Landsat 8,7 and 5 satellites and for three time periods (1987, 2000, 2016), which were provided by international references. All map corrections were performed in ENVI 5.3 and ARC GIS 10.2 software. The results of this study showed that in the first period of the study (1987), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1558.63 Km2 and the smallest area was the Residential area with an area of 15.77 Km2. Also in the second period (1987-2000), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1465.74 Km2 and the smallest area belonged to residential land with an area of 19.44 Km2.Whereas in the third period (2000-2016), the largest area of land use was Irrigated lands with an area of 1054.60 Km2, and then the uncoated lands with an area of 1050.62 km2 and the smallest area related to Residential land with area 22.51 Km2. During the period from 2000 to 2016, the largest change was observed in Rain fed lands to Irrigated lands, and the area of uncoated lands and Residential lands also increased significantly.

To achieving rural development Cooperatives as a third pillar of the country's economy plays a vital role.  Cooperatives improve the efficiency of financial, human and natural resources and enhance economic activity.  This study presents strategies for rural development in two regions Hamadan and Bahar township of Hamadan province.  In this study, SWOT and ANP multi-criteria decision-making models were used.  Using the community elite's opinion, strategies were identified by the SWOT matrix and then strategic goals ranked with a multi-criteria decision-making model. Based on the results, the high number of decision-makers and the membership of co-operative managers in other communities are the most important strengths and opportunities point. The mismatch between available credit and needs and market instability (inflation and recession) are the most important strengths and weaknesses point face-off cooperatives.  According to the results of the ANP model, increased supervision and support of the cooperative sector in law, management of available resources and assignment of further activities to the cooperative sector with weight 0.195, 0.174 and 0.127 are in priority. Strategic goals should be of interest to planners and policymakers in decision-making. Overall, the co-operative sector needs more government support and law's rule oversight and proper management of available resources, especially labor and natural resources. It is suggested that the government act as a supervisor by delegating more activities to the members of the Cooperatives and to provide farmers with lesser bureaucracy in coordination with subsidiary organizations.