فهرست مطالب sara kazemi

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are frequently unreported, representing implied public health concerns, especially for women and in more vulnerable communities. This study aimed to determine the STI preventive behavior of Iranian women and related factors in protection motivation theory (PMT).

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted on a convenience sample from 20 January to 21 March 2021 in Iran. Women who were 18-35 years old with marital status were eligible to participate (N=600). The collected variables included demographic characteristics and STI-related behaviors regarding constructs of PMT: knowledge, perceived vulnerability, perceived self-efficacy, and preventive intention. A Persian version of the Korean four-scale about STI preventive behaviors was used as the assessment tool, and one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis.

A significant difference was observed between knowledge, perceived vulnerability, perceived self-efficacy, and preventive intention with sociodemographic variables. STI-perceived vulnerability and STI-knowledge with mean scores of 62.37 and 42.52 were the highest and lowest perceived constructs of preventive behavior, respectively. STI knowledge of Iranian women was low, and STI-preventive self-efficacy was perceived as a positive predictor for STI protective behaviors.

A theory-based educational intervention is highly recommended to improve STI-protective behaviors.

Known as what educational contexts do not teach, null curriculum has been considered one of the most significant types of curricula due to its absence, being left out or overlooked. This non-existent curriculum brings an important theoretical tool to the field of curriculum development for the idea that something which is not offered to students has an educational significance and effect. To follow the purpose of the study which is teachers' perspectives on the null curriculum at the BA level, 300 university instructors were selected to participate in this study. To answer the research questions various statistical methods (one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Scheffe’s test) have been utilized. Results of this quantitative study revealed that among the sub-constructs of the 21st century, critical thinking, collaboration skills, creativity and innovation skills, self-direction skills, technological literacy, global and local connection skills, economic and financial literacy, business and entrepreneurial literacy and media literacy should be considered as aspects of the null curriculum in TEFL curriculum in BA level in Iran, and they should be added to the present curriculum; however, communication skills are not regarded as aspects of null. In addition, Iranian EFL university instructors’ ratings on different components of 21st-century skills as one aspect of the null curriculum significantly differed. Finally, a model was proposed to describe the relationship between the ratings of the components of 21st-century skills as one aspect of the null curriculum by Iranian EFL university instructors. The findings of the present study can help to a better understanding of the ELT curriculum, aspects of the null curriculum, and 21st-century skills in the Iranian context.

The need to use effective new strategies and instruments for the sake of reinforcing the EFL learners’ speaking fluency and accuracy is the main goal of the language learners and teachers. Hence, the present research aimed to discover the effect of online-based gamification on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners' speaking accuracy and speaking fluency by using a quasi-experimental design. Forty Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners from Gooyesh English Language Institute in Mashhad were selected through convenience sampling as the target participants of the study. At the outset of the study, a researcher-made pre-test of speaking fluency and accuracy was administered to the 40 participants of the study. Then, online-based games such as What Happens Next Game, Picture that Story, Online ESL Jigsaw Activity, Show and Tell Game, and ESL A- B gap Fill Game were used to expand the speaking fluency and accuracy of the experimental group's learners while traditional methods were utilized to teach speaking fluency and accuracy to the participants of the control group. Finally, a researcher-made speaking post-test was administered to the participants of both groups. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were calculated to answer the research questions. The findings displayed that online-based games significantly improved Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners' speaking accuracy and fluency. However, there was no significant difference between the speaking accuracy and fluency of the participants of the experimental group after using the online-based gamification. Based on the findings of the study, gaming can be considered the most appropriate instrument in the process of learning speaking skills such as speaking fluency and accuracy.

In this study, to improve the anti-corrosion properties of hydroxyapatite coating, zirconium has been used as an additive in different concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 g/lit) in hydroxyapatite solution with optimal concentration and pH. The surface and electrochemical properties of coatings are compared with uncoated magnesium and magnesium covered by hydroxyapatite samples. AZ31 magnesium was immersed in a solution of hydroxyapatite and zirconium with different concentrations of hexafluorozirconic acid after surface treatment. The corrosion behavior of samples was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization tests in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution. The results of electrochemical tests showed that the best corrosion behavior is related to the samples with 1 g/lit zirconium. The corrosion resistance of this sample is 8870 Ω.cm2, which is significantly improved compared to the hydroxyapatite coating. The lowest corrosion current density (0.79 μA/cm2) among all samples is also belong to this coating. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray energy scattering spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the morphology and evaluate the chemical composition of coatings. The results of EDS and FE-SEM confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals and amorphous zirconium layer. Contact angle test was performed to complete the surface studies of the samples. By adding 1 g/lit of zirconium to the hydroxyapatite solution, the surface became slightly more hydrophobic, which confirms the better anti-corrosion resistance.

The purpose of the present study is to review the condition of Sarāy-e Mahallat's utility indexes from the view of citizens in Tehran. The research statistical sample consisted of all 101 male and 117 female participants in the gyms of Mahallat. The research method was descriptive and its purpose was practical. The measurement instrument was a research-made questionnaire distributed among the statistical population after receiving the expert comments about its validity. After collection, its reliability was reported to be (–r 0.89.9) by Cronbach's alpha test. The research results showed that the citizens rated the sport equipment's safety to be weak. They had more expectations of the gym halls, equipment's safety and variation, expert coaches, and sport groups. Furthermore, the population under study evaluated the total satisfaction of Sarāy-e Mahallat to be less than average and it decreases as more participants join the gyms. No significant difference was observed between men and women in this regard. The most important obstacles and limitations for the participation in Sarāy-e Mahallat include the participants' lack of time and the fact that all classes were not active there.

The purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its performance method is survey. The statistical population of the research consists of all female teachers in governmental and nongovernmental high schools of Kermanshah. Convenience sampling was used in this research to determine 286 teachers as the sample of study with regard to the total population (N=1000) and based on the Cochran formula. The research measurement instruments included three questionnaires of Public Health (Goldenberg), Adults' Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al.), and Job Satisfaction (Kendall & Hulin). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and their reliability was calculated to be 95%, 89%, and 93% respectively. For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including correlation and regression were used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between components of resilience (personal qualification, social qualification, social support, family integrity, and personal structure) and mental health signs. Furthermore, a negative and significant relationship was observed between aspects of job satisfaction (occupation, supervisor, and colleagues) and mental health signs while there was no significant relationship between aspects of promotion and payment. Regression analysis results revealed that among predictor variables, the variables of personal qualification, social support, and personal structure have the potential to predict mental health symptoms. With respect to the research findings, the managers can have a positive impact on the betterment of their employees' resilience and job satisfaction.

Couples' communication interactions in the context of social networks have been challenged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the consequences of virtual social media on marital life by factor analysis.

This tool is a qualitative methodology based on the exploration of views and perceptions of married men and women about the consequences of virtual social networks on married life. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 700 married individuals. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method (calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient) and internal correlation (calculation of Cronbach-alpha coefficient). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS24 software.

The initial instrument consisted of 20 items from a qualitative study, which after psychometrics, 4 items were removed and 12 items remained. The range of values calculated for the ratio and content validity index of the items were (0.83-1) and (0.66-1), respectively, and the impact score of all of them was higher than 1.5. The Intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire were obtained at 0.864 and 785, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis were four factors: "Threat of marital commitment", “individualization of cohabitation”,” Threat to privacy” and “Faded intimacy”. In confirmatory factor analysis the fitted model based on these four factors explained 43.75% of the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyle.

Psychometric results in this study showed that a tool with 20- iteme and 4 domains for measuring the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyles has good validity and reliability and it can be used as a suitable tool in this field.

One of the crucial issues of the health system in developing countries is the unequal distribution of health, which leads to inequality in social status and living conditions. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women aged 20 to 39 in developing countries. However, its social determinants are not yet fully understood. The present systematic review was conducted to collect the social determinants of health in cervical cancer that have been identified so far.

This systematic review was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021 by reviewing Persian and English articles published in journals on social determinants of cervical cancer by the PRISMA method. First, the scientific databases were searched in the period 2000-2020 using "Social Determinants of Health", "Human Papillomavirus", and "Cervical Cancer" keywords (2333 English articles and 63 Persian articles were found). After evaluation, 20 articles (18 English articles and 2 Persian articles) were included in the study. The PRISMA (Preferred) checklist (Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) was used to extract data from selected articles.

articles were reviewed, and social determinants of health in cervical cancer were presented in two general categories: structural (education, income, and race and ethnicity) and intermediate (access to services, behavioral factors, environmental-living conditions, and psychosocial factors).

The social determinants of health in the structural and intermediate sectors and their interaction affect cervical cancer. All aspects of cervical cancer are affected by prevention, screening, early detection, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Up to now, enormous smart materials have been engineered with physical stimulators such as temperature, electric field, magnetic field, light, ultrasound, mechanical stimuli, chemical stimulators such as pH and reduction, or biological stimulators such as antigen glucose and enzyme in regenerative medicine. Smart materials have numerous properties, such as responding to controlled drug release, “ON-OFF” switch activities, prolonged blood circulation, ability to specific triggers, enhanced diagnostic accuracy, increased tumor accumulation, and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, notable research achievements of smart materials responsive to various stimuli involving responsive mechanisms and applications are summarized and discussed separately.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the components of the quality of work life on career plateau and organizational indifference of the staff of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this research is descriptive - correlation. The statistical population of the study was the official staff of the National Olympic Committee, which returned 88 analytical questionnaires. The tools used in this research were Walton standard quality of work quality questionnaire (1973), Dannyfard and et al, Organizational indifference (2006) and Donald Alfred (2008) Organizational Plateau Questionnaire. Their reliability was 0.87, and 0.75 respectively. For formal and content validity, experts were used and for construct validity the confirmatory factor used. To analyze the data and fit the model, Structural Equation Modeling was used using PLS Smart software. Findings show that the components of quality of work life include: fair compensation, human resource development, social dependence and overall living space has a negative and significant effect on the organizational indifference But the variables of working conditions, and development opportunities, social cohesion, and legality has no meaningful relation to the organizational indifference. Also, components of fair compensation and legality have a negative and significant effect on career plateau. In other words, as much as the two components increase, the level of career plateau among employees is reduced. There is no significant effect among other components. Regarding the results, it is suggested that organizations by improving the plans of the quality of work life provide the conditions for the reduction of the organizational indifference and career plateau of employees in the organization.

Nowadays, the prevalence of Low Back Pain (LBP) is a growing problem. The prevalence of LBP in Iran is almost as high as in other countries of the world. There are no accurate data on prevalence of LBP in Iran. Thus, the aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of LBP and risk factors in Iran during a systematic way.

Totally, 17 studies of internal databases including Iran Doc, Magiran, SID, Iran Medex, Medlib and external databases including Scopus, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, Medline through using keywords like “Iran”, “LBP”, “children,” Adolescents, “Associated Factors”, “Prevalence” were obtained.

The prevalence and risk factors of LBP in children and adolescents were obtained from 15 articles with a sample size of 24,175. The lowest and highest prevalence of LBP in children and adolescents were 50% and 7.4%, respectively.

Given the high prevalence of LBP in children and adolescents and the numerous demographic, personal, physical, familial and psychological risk factors, the LBP prevent planning for this age group to prevent and promote health is strongly recommended. LBP has a special place in the community’s health education, owing to its’ prevalence andits impact on health of people during youth and adulthood period.

Dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT) and thiophene (T) were catalytically oxidized to their corresponding sulfone products by H2O2 in the presence of magnetically recoverable polyoxometalate-based nano catalyst. Different extracting solvents including ethanol, acetonitrile, and dimethylformamide were tested. The best results were obtained by ethanol extraction. The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model oils was investigated using different sulfur levels (100-1000 ppm). The removal of DBT could reach >99% and the sulfur content would be reduced from initial 100 to lower than 1 ppm, which can meet the standards of deep desulfurization. Two main aspects including the effects of nitrogen containing compounds and aromatic compounds on ODS of model oil were studied. Effect of indole, quinoline, toluene, xylene, mesitylene and naphthalene in ODS conversion were investigated. The catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnetic field, demonstrated an effective and simple separation method, and reused several times without significant change on ODS results.

Nowadays, cosmetic surgery is one of the most common types of surgeries all around the world including Iran and those demanding such surgeries are also growing in number. The present study is an attempt to determine the factors in the tendency towards cosmetic surgery in Iranian students.

In a descriptive-analytical study, all students at Guilan University of Medical Sciences related to health issues were enrolled. The participants (n=314) were selected through census sampling. Data was garnered using a multi-section questionnaire including socio-demographic variables, body image, body satisfaction, and cosmetic surgery intention. The questionnaires were completed as self-statement.

The age range of the students was 18-55 years and the mean age was 25.07±7.41 years. Body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 23±3.82. Among socio-demographic variables, BMI, gender, family revenue, father’s job, marital status, mother’s job, and fathers’ literacy level were the predictors of intention for cosmetic surgery. In addition, among psychological variables, body satisfaction and image, and attitudes were predictors of intention for cosmetic surgery.

Educational and psychological interventions are recommended to create body satisfaction, to develop positive attitudes toward one’s body, and to develop negative attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and the side effects. Apparently, providing an environment for physical activity and exercise, especially for girls would help the students in losing weight, remaining in shape and attenuating the tendency toward cosmetic surgery.

Length-weight relationship, sex ratio and condition factor of Trichiurus lepturus were conducted from September 2014 to August 2015 from different landing sites along the Sistan & Baluchistan province coastline – Oman Sea. A total of 283 specimens were randomly collected during study period. The monthly collections were sexed and size grouped (8 size groups with 10 mm class intervals). Among the studied species, 42% were male and 56% were female and the overall sex ratio was female biased (1.37:1).  The maximum and minimum total length were 115 cm and 49 cm, respectively. The maximum and minimum total weight for this species was 1000 g and 180 g. respectively. Samples were found to be ranged from 49 to 115 mm in total length and the total weights were found to be ranged from 180 to 1000 g.  In the present study, the length-weight relationship for total population was calculated as W=0.048TL2.67, R2 = (0.919). The length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.066 TL 2.410, R2 = (0.945) for males and W = 0.0087TL 2.301, R2 = (0.925) for females. t-test analysis showed a significant difference between the b values obtained for Female, male and total population from number 3 which show a negative allometric growth. The maximum condition factor (K) of 1.25 was recorded during the study period. The condition factor declined from March to mid-August, and then gradually increased, reaching its maximum level in the fall.

 Considering the importance of preventive behaviors of sexually transmitted infections in women as a vulnerable group, for the first time this study aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of four sexually transmitted infection prevention scales in females. A standard forward-backward translation method used to develop the Persian version of four sexually transmitted infection prevention scales. Content validity of the scales (knowledge, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, and Intention) was assessed through a panel expert. Face validity of scales was established via impact score and a sample of lay people. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by the test-retest method (intraclass correlation coefficient) and internal consistency (calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient). The CVR and CVI for the four-scales ranged from 0.56 to 1.00 and from 0.83 to 1.00 respectively. The impact score of all items was more than 1.5. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.66 – 0.85 and (0.84- 0.97 respectively. The results showed that the Persian version of four sexually transmitted infection prevention scales has proper validity and reliability. It can be used as a useful tool to evaluate knowledge, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, and intent to prevent infections about STI in females.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quality of working life on career plateau and organizational indifference of the staff of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this research is descriptive - correlation. The statistical population of the study was the official staff of the National Olympic Committee, which returned 88 analytical questionnaires. The tools used in this research were Walton standard quality of work quality questionnaire (1973), Dannyfard and et al, Organizational indifference (2006) and Donald Alfred (2008) Organizational Plateau Questionnaire. Their reliability was 0.87, and 0.75 respectively. For formal and content validity, experts were used and for construct validity the confirmatory factor used. for confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity. To analyze the data and fit the model, Structural Equation Modeling was used using PLS Smart software. The findings shows that the overall quality of life has a negative and reverse effect on the two variables of occupation and organizational indifference. career plateau also has a positive and direct effect on the organizational indifference. Considering the intermediary role of occupation between the two variables of quality of Life quality and organizational indifference, with regard to the significance of the paths, career plateau can be called a partial intermediate variable between two variables. Regarding the results, it is suggested that organizations improve the quality of work life by promoting the conditions for reducing organizational indifference, and career plateau of employees in the organization.

 Background

Incidence of polyhydramnios in various studies has been reported from 0.2 to 3.9%. Approximately, 50-60% of cases are idiopathic with no known etiology. We aimed to investigate perinatal outcomes of idiopathic polyhydramnios with a normal ultrasound.

In this study, Persian and English databases including Barakatkns, SID, Magiran, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochran, Embase, and ProQuest were searched for articles published from 1950 to August 2018. The search procedure was conducted with keywords related to "idiopathic polyhydramnios", "perinatal outcomes", "normal ultrasound", and their equivalents in "Mesh" and PICO. In meta-analysis, first we quantified heterogeneity by using I2 statistics and tested using the Cochran’s Q test. Even when a low heterogeneity was detected, a fixed-effects model was applied, and for more than 75% of heterogeneity, random-effects model was used. The Forest Plot chart was drawn up and the relative risk (RR) estimate for each study (ES), the pooled estimate of "RR" by combining all the studies and its 95% CI, and the P-value associated with it, were indicated.

In this study, 13 articles involving 325,426 pregnant women were included for the Meta-analysis. The RR and 95% CI of Caesarian Section (C.S), 1.61(1.25-2.07), macrosomia, 1.84(1.40-2.42), preterm delivery, 2.45(1.29-4.64), NICU admission, 2.90(1.77-4.74), Apgar score min 5 <7, 2.79(1.18-6.57), fetal distress, 1.69(1.02-2.80), and large for gestational age (LGA), 2.27(1.38-3.72), were determined. We found a higher RR of perinatal outcomes including NICU admission, Apgar score min 5<7, preterm delivery, and LGA. RR other perinatal outcomes such as macrosomia, fetal distress, and C.S. were lower.

Idiopathic Polyhydramnios was significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Intensive intrapartum monitoring and further attention in the postpartum are warranted.

Land use change in watershed management one of the most important hydrological factors surface runoff change and water management practices. the purpose of this investigation, Impact of Land Use and drought on runoff of  Tuyserkan watershed in Hamedan  In central zagros In the three time periods of 1991, 2003 and 2015 (25 years) using hydrological modeling is the rainfall-runoff relationship (IHACRES). First to prepare and survey the land use map from digital data TM and ETM + sensors and Arc Gis 9,3 software and also to calculate drought From SPI index with DIP model and the annual time period was used as a conventional hydrological cycle. The Results of 3 and 12-month drought indices the 25 year period shows most years On three Classification mild humidity, mild drought, and severe drought And has severe hydrological fluctuations.The results show that the largest land use change over the 25 years, In the areas of natural resources, especially in rangelands affected by drought and the decline of these lands along with drought fluctuations over time, the volume of runoff has increased.The Results of calibration of simulation runoff in rainfall and runoff model,  Indicates acceptable model performance and Investigation of basin hydrographs in three periods of 1991, 2003 and 2015 (25 years(  sdhows the runoff in the Tuyserkan basin has increasing trend, due to the not so noticeable drought, Significant land use change and increased rainfall in some years. Therefore, it is suggested, In order to manage water and soil resources, prepare a comprehensive plan to control land use change and land use in the watershed.

Ibuprofen (I) is the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been synthesized in recent years. NSAIDs are the first choice of drugs that are normally used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. There are many methods for synthesizing ofI but each one has some difficulties as raw materials preparation, reaction conditions and etc. In an effort to establish modified method with improved and economical yield, I was synthesized by the mesylation of ethyl lactate in the presence of triethylamine or pyridine at 273 K to obtain the corresponding ethyl-2-(methylsulphonyloxy) propanoate (II). Then, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of II with isobutylbenzene for single step synthesis of ethyl-2-(4- isobutylphenyl) propanoate (III) was carried out by heating with AlCl3 under neat reaction conditions. Finally, ethyl-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoate (I) formed in 50 % yield was hydrolyzed with KOH in methanol and acidified with HCl to afford the desired product .

A PVC membrane electrode to determination of lead ions based on hydroxymethyl -modified SBA-15 nanoporous silica as a carrier was prepared. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for Pb2+ over a concentration range (1.010-1 to 1.010-4 mol L 1) with a slope of 28.9±0.2 mV per decade. The limit of detection of the sensor is 5.510-5 mol L-1. The sensor has a relatively fast response time (10s) and a useful working pH range of 3.5– 8.0. Interference of some divalent cations was also evaluated. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Pb2+ with EDTA and in direct determination of lead ion in wastewater and pepper samples. The results indicate that this electrode is sensitive for determination of Pb2+.