فهرست مطالب sara saeednia

Ectopic Pregnancy (EP) is one of the most common causes of maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that increase the chances of ectopic pregnancy.

This case-control study was performed in the hospitals of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences in 2018 by census method. Pregnant women who were hospitalized with suspected ectopic and acute abdomen and the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were confirmed in them selected as case group.Also, women with normal uterine pregnancies were randomly assigned to the control group. Individual information such as demographic information, smoking, history of miscarriage, history of pelvic infection, history of previous ectopic pregnancy in two groups was extracted. For statistical analysis, single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was used.

In this study, 144 people were examined in each group. Smoking (OR: 12.219 ,P=0.005), education level below diploma (OR: 4.483 ,P=0.002), Abdominal surgery history (OR: 3.337 ,P=0.004), Ectopic pregnancy history (OR: 11.684 ,P=0.008), previous delivery type (OR: 2.567 ,P<0.05) and history of abortion (OR: 14.548 ,P=0.001) increased the chances of getting an ectopic pregnancy.

Our findings indicate that the most important risk factors of increased ectopic pregnancy were the history of abortion, smoking, history of ectopic pregnancy, level of undergraduate education, history of abdominal surgery and type of previous delivery, respectively.

We aimed to assess the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on breast cancer cell migration and also its effect on the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and β-catenin.

This study was performed in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran from 20172018. In this experimental study, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of SFN (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μM) at different time points of 24, 48, and 72 h. The control group was untreated cells. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of SFN on cell migration at different time points were evaluated using scratch assay. Moreover, apoptosis was assessed by using flow cytometric analysis. The expression of βcatenin and EMT markers of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 were determined by real-time PCR. Western blotting analysis of β-catenin was applied to determine its changes after SFN treatment.

SFN markedly inhibited the migration of cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40µM after 24, 48, and 72 h. At relatively, high concentrations (30, 40µM), SFN induced apoptosis. Moreover, SFN reduced the gene expression of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 after 72 h. The expression of β-catenin revealed a timedependent decrease at the concentration of 40 µM SFN.

Downregulation of EMT markers and β-catenin showed accordance with the inhibition of migration. SFN could be a promising drug candidate to reduce metastasis in breast cancer.

Human sperm cryopreservation has proven to be very valuable. Cryopreservation has effects on function, morphology and percentage of fertilization capacity of human sperm. Also, it has been revealed that cryopreservation has a role in sperm DNA fragmentation and infertility. In this study, viability, motility, DNA fragmentation and for the first time, intracellular nitric oxide assessed before and after cryopreservation process of human semen samples in asthenozoospermic men. Semen samples were collected from 50 asthenozoosprmic men and divided into2 groups: 25 fresh semen samples as a control group, 25 frozen–thawed semen samples. Viability was assessed by eosin-negrosin staining. Motility was evaluated with a phase contrast microscope and intracellular nitric oxide was measured by flowcytometry. For evaluation of DNA fragmentation in sperm, apoptosis was assessed by flowcytometry. cryopreservation of asthenozoospermic semen samples decreased sperm viability and motility and increased the intracellular nitric oxide concentration and DNA damage significantly (p<0.001). cryopreservation process has detrimental effects on viability and motility, intracellular nitric oxide concentration and DNA integrity in human semen samples.

Althoughroutinely applied in assisted reproductive technology, human sperm cryopreservation is not a completely successful procedure. Adverse effects of cryopreservation on the fertilization capacity, motility, morphology, and viability of spermatozoa have been proven; cryopreservation has also shown a role in sperm DNA fragmentation and infertility. The post-thaw survival of spermatozoa improved after addition of supplementation of antioxidant molecules to freezing media. Nerve growth factor (NGF) as one of the prosurvival substances has gained great attention in recent years. The aim of this study was the usage of NGF as prosurvival factor after cryopreservation process of human semen samples to assess the motility and viability of sperm, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and DNA fragmentation in normozoospermic men. Semen samples were collected from 25 normozoospermic men and were divided into fresh semen samples as control group, frozen–thawed semen samples without addition of exogenous NGF, and three groups of semen samples cryopreserved with addition of exogenous NGF (0.5, 1, and 5 ng/ml) in freezing medium. Viability was assessed by eosin-negrosin staining technique. Motility was evaluated with inverted microscope. NO concentration and apoptosis content were measured with flow cytometry. Results showed that exogenous NGF at 0.5 ng/ml could significantly (P-value <0.05) influence viability, motility, nitric oxide, and DNA fragmentation content. Exogenous NGF as cryoprotectant improved sperm viability and motility, increased intracellular NO concentration, and decreased apoptosis content in normal human spermatozoa.

Infertility is a common phenomenon in modern societies. Today, use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for treatment of infertility is common, and cryopreservation is one of these technologies. Cryopreservation has impact on the function and percentage of fertility of human sperm. In this study, motility, viability, nitric oxide, and DNA apoptosis were assessed before and after cryopreservation process of human semen samples in normozoospermic men. We divided 20 semen samples of normozoospermic men into 2 groups: fresh group as a control and frozen–thawed group. Each semen sample has been aliquoted to 4 parts in cryotube for assessment of viability by eosin and negrosin staining, motility by invert microscope, nitric oxide and DNA apoptosis content by flow cytometry. Normozoospermic men frozen–thawed semen samples showed significant (p<0.05) difference in viability, motility, nitric oxide and DNA apoptosis compared with fresh semen samples. cryopreservation process has impact on viability, motility, intracellular nitric oxide and DNA apoptosis content in fertile human semen samples.