فهرست مطالب sara zare

Neurological symptoms like headache have been reported in patients infected with tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 infection [1]. A high index of suspicions is necessary for diagnosing of COVID-19 and neurologic tuberculous coinfection, particularly in the communities at high risk for TB or in an endemic region. Herein, we report a case of a 60-year-old man diagnosed with acute COVID-19 and tuberculous meningitis coinfection, to emphasize challenges about this coinfection, because underlying lung diseases like latent TB will affect the clinical categorization (for severity) of COVID-19, and then active TB disease may severe illness.

Population aging is a phenomenon that will happenin the near future and brings opportunities and threats to the health system. The medical-science education will be affected by this phenomenon and one needs to be prepared to deal with it optimally. This study was conductedwith the aim of expressing some of the effects of the aging phenomenon on medical-science education and solutions to deal with it.

The information was obtained by a systematic review method by searching in databases in the form of Farsi and English articles. For this purpose, keywords related to the subject was searched and after extracting and classifying the contents, the results were presented.

However, the findings indicate that the effects of the aging phenomenon on the education of medical sciences can be investigated in various ways. Three dimensions of these effects were categorized, analyzed, and presented in this study, including formation of aging-friendly Universities, formation of new jobs suitable for aging, and use of innovative approaches in being prepared to face this phenomenon.

Aging is an inevitable event, requiring new policies and methods to deal with its related future issues. This phenomenon impacts the society, especially the education of medical sciences and the business environment, which highlights the need to consider appropriate strategies in facing this isusue. Paying serious attention to the convergence of sciences, interacting with industry, observing and scanning world changes, taking advantage of the experiences of other countries, assessing and planning for human-resource allocation, and applying novel approaches are some strategic samples that can be used in dealing with this phenomenon.

In most developed nations, pumpkin-naked seed (Cucurbita pepo convar. Pepo var. Styriaca) is regarded as one of the most important and valuable plants in the pharmaceutical industry. In traditional and modern medicine, pumpkin-naked seed oil is used to treat a variety of diseases, including prostate hypotrophy, prevention of irregular heart contractions, and treatment of intestinal worms, as well as gastritis, atherosclerosis, decreased blood cholesterol, and decreased risk of bladder and kidney stones. Due to the fact that the environmental conditions for the growth of this plant are rarely optimal and the plants are subjected to a variety of stresses due to the influence of living and nonliving factors, plant yield is diminished relative to plant growth potential. The most significant non-living stress on plant growth and yield is typically drought, especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world such as Iran. About half of the world's agricultural lands are affected by drought stress. Drought stress has caused significant damage to the agricultural sector. Due to the importance of irrigation water in agriculture and the impact of drought stress on crop growth and yield, methods should be implemented to prevent water loss and improve the management of water resources in agriculture, which mitigates the effects of drought stress to some extent. Among these techniques is the use of plastic mulch. The use of plastic mulch in the cultivation of agricultural products for the purpose of increasing soil moisture by reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the soil surface and preventing water evaporation, reducing weeds in the field, and minimizing the damage caused by certain pests. Some crop yields have increased in agriculture throughout the world. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different irrigation levels and the use of plastic mulch on pumpkin-naked seed yield and yield components, growth indices, light consumption efficiency, and oil content as the most important quality traits. This study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during 2015-2016 growing season using a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The treatments consisted of three irrigation levels (50, 75, and 100 percent water demand) as the main plot and two mulch surfaces (presence and absence of mulch) as the subplot. At the end of the growing season, yield and its components were evaluated.  The use of plastic mulch for non-stress irrigation (irrigation 100percent water requirement) increased the number of seeds per plant by 5.7% and the relative water content of leaves by 12.8%, but had no significant effect on other traits. However, under mild stress conditions (irrigation of 75% of water requirement), all studied traits except relative growth rate increased, with grain yield (97.3%) having the greatest effect. Also, under conditions of severe stress (irrigation of 50% of water requirement), the use of plastic mulch had the greatest effect on grain yield (312%) but no effect on crop growth rate or relative crop growth rate. In general, the results indicated that maintaining soil moisture and irrigation based on the plant's water requirements can play a significant role in enhancing pumpkin growth and yield. In addition, it was observed that irrigation at 75% of the plant's water requirement and the use of plastic mulch produced the greatest yield, light consumption efficiency, growth indices, and oil content. Therefore, the use of plastic mulch is an effective method for reducing the amount of water a plant consumes in conditions of dehydration.

The attitudinal frameworks in any society are influenced by historical background, value foundations, identity foundations, and the quality of relationships in all its dimensions. Culture in general and strategic culture in particular are also internal factors shaping the identity bases of any actor in the field of international relations that can shape a country's foreign policy action. The study of societies also shows that many government decisions are shaped by the compatibility or incompatibility of countries' cultures. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the bipolar system, the United States claimed the status of undisputed power and the most powerful state in the international system, with the power to direct international rules and procedures alone. However, the great powers continued their efforts to change this situation.The People's Republic of China, with its growing nationalism element, is one of the great powers that has given its potential the opportunity to occupy the position of leading state, seeking to challenge international sovereignty. It is America.This has raised concerns among strategists and many US government officials. The main question of the present study is how has the impact of China-US identity inconsistency on China's intensification of nationalism? In response, it will be argued that China's identity and cultural differences with the United States have increased Chinese nationalism since the 1990s. So rising nationalism is an important element of a new version of China.

The emergence of future powers is one of the most important features of the contemporary international system. The collapse of the Soviet Union and a new wave of globalization of the economy and the movement of Russia and China towards a market economy in the early 1990s forced governments around the world to reconsider their foreign policies. At this time, India was experiencing the worst economy of its time. The demonstration of the inefficiency of state socialism made New Delhi think for a change. In the present study, by using the explanatory-analytical method, we seek to answer the question "How and with what methods and tools does India pursue its strategy towards becoming a world power?" The proposed hypothesis for the question is that “India seeks to achieve the position of a global superpower by special emphasis on domestic strategies and relying on a pragmatic foreign policy." Therefore, due to the increasing importance of emerging powers during the transition of the international system, the analysis and examination of characteristics, perspectives and global effects of their empowerment can deepen our understanding of the evolvinginternational system.

Oral mucosa is prone to various lesions. Some of these lesions can be early signs of a particular disease or even malignancy in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of oral biopsies from 2009 to 2019. In this analytical descriptive cross-sectional study, 621 records of the oral cavity biopsies performed in the pathology department of Shahid Sadoughi hospital were analyzed. Age, gender, type of lesion, site of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, year of referral, and medical specialist who performed the biopsy were included in the study checklist. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS version 25.0. Of 621 biopsies, 308 specimens belonged to men (49.6%) and 313 specimens belonged to women (50.4%). The mean age of patients was 46.58±21.08 years, ranging from 6 months to 95 years. The most affected areas were the tongue (33%), lower lip (29.1%) and cheeks (17.7%). squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (27.9%), inflammatory lesions (26.1%), mucocele (14.8%), and ulcers (8.5%) were the most frequent lesions. There was a significant difference in the age of individuals with different lesions (P<0.001). The most frequent lesion diagnosed in biopsies was SCC. The most frequently affected sites were tongue and cheek. Lesions were more frequent in women and were most frequently seen in the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life.

Participation is one of the most critical manifestations of humanity and morals that displays responsibility, conscious and free action. Social participation is one of the resources available in social interactions. Therefore, the expansion of actions and the study of actors' goals to achieve good is not collective. From this point of view, social participation is the creation of social capital in society. Social capital also is not realized except by manifesting indicators such as trust and the institutional bond between individuals resulting from the group, social interactions, and norms. Imam Ali (AS) considers the principle of participation as an obligatory concept. Therefore, in this article, using the descriptive-analytical method, we will study the importance of social participation as social capital based on Nahj al-Balaghah and its interpretation and analysis according to Imam Ali (As).

The production of industrial wastewater with a variety of compounds is one of the major environmental challenges of human societies, posing a great threat to the health of society. In this study, synthesis of Y-type nanozeolite and its efficiency in reducing the Ca2+ of Shiraz oil refinery effluent compared to acid treated natural zeolite was investigated. Synthensis of nanozeolites was performed by sol-gel method using sodium silicate and sodium aluminate solution. The synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the crystalline structure of Y-type nanozeolites. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of mesoporous particles. The specific porosity of the synthesized nanozeolite and also the total porosity were determined as 805.4m2/g and 0.4222 m3/g, respectively by BET analysis. Based on the nitrogen gas absorption / desorption isotherm, the presence of mesopores along the micro-pore in synthesized nanozeolite was confirmed. Kinetic studies showed the adsorption kinetics of both adsorbents are fit well with pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the interaction between the absorber surface and the adsorbent is the determining factor in adsorption process and diffusion of the Ca2+ ions to the inside of mesoporous zeolite canals is fast. The removal amount of Ca2+ from wastewater of oil-refinery for natural zeolite(50 g) and nano zeolite(5 g) in 1 L wastewater  after equilibrium time was determined as 60% and 95%, respectively and pH=7 was determined as the optimum pH.

By examining the history of the relations between Iran and Russia, we find that the causes and the ups and downs of Iran-Russia relations have been influenced by the differences in the perception of the two countries and the level of perception of the bilateral relations. That is to say, Russia's view of Iran has been tactical and instrumental at many regional and bilateral levels, and Iran's view of Russia has often been based on a strategic level. It should also be kept in mind that Iran-Russia relations have always been accompanied by a security attitude that overshadows and continues to weigh on all aspects of their economic and political relations. Iran and Russia have maintained their relations with each other in spite of disturbing mentalities in different fields. In this regard, US sanctions on Iran have also had an impact on the economic relations of the two countries. The authors of this study seek to answer the question of what effect the US sanctions have had on the economic relations between Iran and Russia? The possible answer to this question is that Russia had been in line with the US before Western sanctions against Iran, but economic relations between Iran and Russia have been strengthened since the United States left the JCPOA. This research is a descriptive-analytic study using library data and electronic resources.

In Islamic perspective, the citizenship model has many differences with the pattern of citizenship common in the Western world, despite similarities, and these kinds of differences go back to their different worldviews. In fact, citizenship patterns in Western societies cannot be reconciled with divine teachings; because identity issues in each of the citizenship patterns are different from each other. Accordingly, the study of the characteristics of each of the citizenship patterns is necessary and by examining identity and norms in each pattern, it is clear that normative and intellectual structures are as important as material structures. In addition, the present study, by patterning from “the Citizenship and Politic of New virtue”, divides citizenship patterns into three categories of inclusive political, cultural, and multicultural coherence. Indeed, this article is an attempt to study and study their possibility and their refusal based on the pattern of citizenship of the Qur'an and the expression of Similarities and differences between them and the authors intend to present the Quran's citizenship model as a whole.

Space and society are clearly interrelated in such a way that conceiving of the former without the latter as well as understanding society without its spatial components is impossible. Public urban spaces provide the grounds for citizens' social interactions and communication. More importantly, active presence of people in these areas promotes levels of social interaction, sense of cooperation and citizenship. The urban public spaces enjoy favorable social dimensions. The present study initially investigated the distinction between public and private spaces and then examined the effect of social dimensions of public spaces including concepts such as people and regions, territoriality, trust, security, informal monitoring and social network on the degrees of peoples’ use of such areas as Chamran promenade located in Shiraz. To collect the necessary data, the library and field methods were employed and 150 subjects were chosen and surveyed as the research statistical sample. Finally, the data were analyzed through logistic regression analysis using SPSS. The results indicated that social dimensions, i.e. territoriality and social networks play a key role in the degrees of peoples’ use of public urban areas

According to the importance of regional differences in the country’s strategic plans and also direct role of urban forests in sustainable development of cities, this research at identifying the regional differences from the perspective of urban forestry indicators. For this purpose, initially, six indicators have been identified and their related data has been gathered for nine urban districts of the Tehran from Tehran Municipality and Park and Green Spaces Organization. In order to weight the indicators for providing Tehran urban forest’s structural indicators, the factor analysis method has been used and structural indicators for the districts have been calculated and categorized. Dividing by the average method was used to remove the differences in scales. The sum of squared rotated loadings and sum of squared extracted loadings showed three components totally can reveal 87.60% of the variances. According to the results, Tehran districts 4 and 22, have been mainly ranked first and second from the aspect of urban forest’ indicators and have better conditions compared with other districts. While district 11, 16 and 10 in Tehran are ranked among the last. For the first time, in this research, providing structural indicators for Tehran urban forests was done, with the aim of more alignment of approved projects with the needs of citizens and improving their quality of life.