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Prefabricated posts have recently become more popular due to their satisfactory results while saving time and reducing costs. Glass-fiber prefabricated posts were paid more attention because of reducing the risk of root fracture as well as minimal allergic hypersensitivity and corrosion with satisfactory cosmetic results. Surface treatment is one of the various factors that might affect retention of a post. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on the retention of an Iranian E-glass fiber post. Thirty two intact central maxillary incisors were selected. The coronal aspect of each tooth was removed and the remaining root received endodontic therapy. The specimens were then divided into 4 groups (n=8). Post spaces were prepared to a depth of 10mm. The posts (HtCo، Iran) received one of the surface treatments including cleaning with alcohol (Alc)، air borne-particle abrasion and cleaning with alcohol (Air-Alc)، cleaning with alcohol and conditioning with silane treatment (Alc-Sil) or airborne- particle abrasion، cleaning with alcohol and conditioning with silane treatment (Air-Sil). All the posts were luted with Panavia F after conditioning the canal dentin primer (ED-primer) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After cementation، the specimens were stored at 37°C for 30 days and subjected to simulated aging conditions، consisting of 7500 thermal cycles (5°C/55°C). Retention of the posts was measured with a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 2mm/min. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests (α=0. 05). The mean retentive values (N) of the test groups were as follows: Alc=157. 63±39. 91، Air-Alc=171. 53±47. 80، Alc-Sil= 167. 87±42. 49، Air-Sil= 166. 53±40. 32. There was no significant difference between the mean values of the four groups. Treating the surface of HtCo Iranian post produced no significant improvement in the retention of the posts.

Ostomy surgery is done, sometimes for patient survival and sometimes to improve his quality of life. In both cases, patients are faced with great stress. This study was done to assess quality of life in Ostomy patients. In this cross sectional- descriptive study, 300 patients with ostomy were selected by conveince sampling from Sanandaj teaching hospitals. Data were investigated by using of Standard questionnaire ostomy Patients quality of life index)SQLI) Patrick, Alexia and Bernard in seven dimension: sexual concern, nutrition, mental, physical and social health, body image and pain. Data analysis was performed and frequency distribution tables, calculating mean and standard deviation, pearson correlation and unilateral variance a analysis. In this study the mean score patients’ quality of life was relatively good (15.43). The lowest mean score of quality of life was dedicated in dimensions of sexual concern and physical health (5.67, 8.67) and the highest mean score of quality of life in dimensions of pain and body image (20, 25).There was a Significant correlation between quality of life and age, (p> 0.005), education (p> 0.01), after surgery treatment type (p> 0.04) and ostomy type (p> 0.01). In this study there was a significant relationship between quality of life and some variables such as age, education, after surgery treatment type and ostomy type. According to this results nurses in evaluating quality of life should consider profile as the unique and by identify groups with high risk in physical health and sexual concerns dimensions of quality of life, prevent isolation from in this group of patients in the community.

Statement of problem: The polymerization of light cured composite resins is initiated fromsurface layer and the rate of polymerization reduces from surface to depth. The difference in hardness is in correlation with different factors such as the intensity of unit and the distance between composite and light tip.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of four different methods of filling and two light direction on microhardness of class I composite resin restorations.

In this parallel interventional study, 40 intact human premolarteeth were selected. Class I cavities were prepared (4×4×4 mm). After etching and applying Excite as a dentin adhesive, the specimens were divided into four groups (n=10) based on the filling

Group 1)one bulk, group 2)horizontal incremental and occlusal light curing, group 3)horizontal incremental and three directional light curing, Group 4)oblique and three directional light curing. Z100 was used for restoration of cavities. Microhardness of specimens was measured by kicker's microhardness tester in 0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mm distance from surface. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan tests (=0.05).

The mean value of microhardness in groups 1 and 2 showed significant differencefrom that of groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Within each group, the subsurface layer showed the highest value of hardness (P<0.05) except for group 2 that all surfaces showed a similar hardness value (p>0.05).

Based on the results of this study, incremental technique (oblique or horizontal) with three dimensional light curing is the most suitable procedure for obtaining a maximum hardness in Class I composite resin restoration.