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 Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an important angiographic entity, with no clear-cut etiology. The effects of adiponectin (APN) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) have been proven in microvascular disease pathophysiology, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between APN and PON-1 and CSFP.

 Subjects who were undergone coronary angiography and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The study subjects were divided into the following groups: 40 subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD) and CSFP, 22 patients without CAD but with CSFP, 29 patients with CAD < 50% and without CSFP, 22 patients with CAD (50-90%) but without CSFP and 16 patients with CAD and CSFP. Coronary flow rates of the participants with slow flow diagnosis were determined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. The serum levels of APN and PON-1 were measured by ELISA kit.

 There were no significant differences between groups in serum levels of APN. No significant correlation was observed between APN serum concentration and corrected TIMI frame count (TFC) (r=0.17, P=0.29). The PON-1 serum concentration in patients with CAD (50-90%) and without CSFP was significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.01). There was a near significant correlation between PON-1 serum levels and corrected TFC in left anterior descending coronary artery (r=0.32, P=0.08).

 The present study has demonstrated no significant correlation between the serum concentration of APN and PON-1 and corrected TFC, so we need more extensive studies in this regard with larger sample size.

The current study was designed to understand the destructive effects of mancozeb on BTB in an in vitro model. Material and Methods: Male mice were gavage- administered MZB (250, 500 mg/kg w. w) for 40 consecutive days. Integrity of BTB was evaluated using Evans blue dye. The relative mRNA expression of BTB- associated genes; including N- cadherin, claudin-11 and zonula occludens-1 was investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in different groups (qRT-PCR). Concentration of Evans Blue dye in the lumen of seminiferous tubules was increased in mancozeb-treated animals. The mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin, claudin-11 and zonula occludens-1 genes were decreased significantly in the MZB 500 mg/kg group compared with the control group. According to the obtained data, it could be concluded that mancozeb increase BTB permeability leading to testicular dysfunction by the alteration of BTB-associated genes.

Ground water is one of the major resources of fresh water needed for humans, especially in arid areas. It will be seriously threatened in future due to climate change and global warming. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of climate change on groundwater resources in the Kerman-Baghin plain. Accordingly, climate prediction at 2055 horizon (2065-2046) was used by the atmospheric general circulation model HadCM3 with A2 emissions scenario. Also groundwater table during the years (1986 -2009) and the quality situation (salinity) over the years (2003-2009) were studied. The results of LARS-WG model showed that the average annual rainfall at the 2055 horizon will be reduced about 3.6 mm. Also the annual maximum and minimum temperatures will increase during the 2055 horizon, 2.8°C and 2.8 °C, respectively. Assessing of unit hydrograph and chemograph in Kerman- Baghin plain highlighted a drop in the water table (0.89 meter depletion per year) and increase of aquifer salinity. According to the results of atmospheric general circulation model (HadCM3), this trend in the water table and increase in aquifer salinity expected to be continued.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to produce an intracellular photo-sensitizer, a protoporphyrin molecule IX (PPIX) which absorbs light and targets cells, is a promising cancer treatment. Unfortunately, treatment failures are still a common occurrence when ALA is used. In this study, in order to enhance the efficacy of ALA-dependent photodynamic therapy, the effects of photodynamic therapy on melanoma cancer cells were studied after treating them with tocopherol succinate.

In this experimental study melanoma cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium for 24 h. then, cells were treated with tocopherol succinate (6μm/ml). After 48 and 72 hours, the mediums were replaced by serum-free medium in the darkness, with ALA, 0.1mg/ml and then cells incubated for 4h. After that, cells were irradiated by using Nd: YAG laser (532 nm). After 24h, cell survival was measured by the MTT assay.

Twenty-four hours after PDT, among compared groups, pretreated cells with tocopherol succinate showed significant lower cell viability than control group.

Induction of differentiation by using tocopherol succinate augmented intracellular PPIX accumulation in cells treated with ALA. Therefore phototoxic cell death after exposure to 532nm light enhances significantly in tocopherol succinate-pretreated cells. This study suggests that tocopherol succinate may act as a biological enhancer of ALA based photodynamic therapy.