فهرست مطالب sattar zeinali

This study was conducted to investigate the properties of soil in natural habitats of truffle fungi (Tuber spp.) in six selected sites located in Loveh forests of Golestan province. Sampling of tree roots was done in the area that the host of Tuber spp. was existed and most of the truffle was harvested from them. The Tuber fungus was identified by the ITSrDNA region and comparing its sequence with the nucleotide sequences of the Genbank database. To sample the soil around the roots, five soil samples were taken for each ecological unit and a compound sample was prepared after mixing. After preparing soil samples, the amount of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate, potassium, calcium, magnesium and soil phosphorus were measured. Tuber fungus was identified as Tuber aestivum. All T. aestivum fruiting bodies were present in soils with alkaline pH and low phosphorus concentrations. C/N ratios of soils were above ten, indicating a preference of T. aestivum for soils that are poor in the readily degradable nitrogen and high nitrogen content in soils can limit the development of mycorrhizae. Our inventory suggested that a higher Ca/Mg ratio could be favourable for T. aestivum fruiting. The K/Mg ratio was below two at all sites. Our results showed that, in Golestan province, host species other than Quercus spp. are also important in regard to the hosting Tuber species.

Decaying trees are a rich source of saproxylic insects in the forests, particularly Coleoptera, which are not only an important part of biodiversity in the forests but also play an important role in the carbon cycle. Among the saproxylic insects, Coleoptera, with a great diversity and species abundance, are very important. Given that biodiversity conservation is indispensable for sustainable development, thus it is very important to recognize the diversity of forest complex ecosystems. In order to identify the species of saproxylic beetles in the beech Gilan forests (Asalem and Shafarood), sampling was done using pitfall traps and window traps during the years 2017-2018 in managed and unmanaged (reserve) parts of forests. In this study, 20 species belonging to nine families of saproxylic beetles were identified. The species diversity of saproxylic beetles in unmanaged forests was more than managed ones. Also, it was found that species abundance was highest in June and July, and the population peak of these beetles was in June, indicating the best time for studying saproxylic beetles’ communities.

The efficacy of sex pheromone traps for detection of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera Crambidae) was assessed in 2017 in Cheshmeh-Bolbol Box Reservoir (Golestan province, Iran). Monitoring was done from May to September and three flight peaks were determined. No significant difference was observed between colors as well as heights of installing pheromone Traps for capturing C. perspectalis. The results confirmed the efficiency of pheromone traps in decreasing damages of Box tree moth. Also, best time for chemical and pheromone control was assessed.

The experience of over two decades of research on fungi in Iranian forests has shown that many of them can play an effective role in the economy, environment, health- treatment, and livelihood of everyday life. On the other hand, our forests, in particular the forests of the north and northwest of the country, have a wide range of forest fungal species due to its moderate climate, adequate vegetation and sufficient moisture, which can be considered as an asset for the country. Various types of edible, medicinal, and industrial fungi as well as the fungi coexisting with plants can have potentially many applications. Even toxic fungi and psychoactive fungal species will be very effective in medical studies. Because of the pristine nature of these studies in Iran, the scope and extent of work is so great and beyond the specialty of one group; therefore, a set of researchers in each of the fields listed as follows is required to do research separately: Wood and paper science: doing research on fungal species that could be in paper and MDF industries; Nutritional science: doing research on the types of edible fungi and their nutritional value; Environmental science: doing research on fungal species modifying environmental pollutants and fungal species coexisting with plants to have sustainable systems in the forest and green spaces in the urban forests; Pharmacological science: doing research on the production of a variety of valuable medicines from medicinal fungi; Combat desertification science: doing research on fungal species that help desert plants to survive; and finally the extension of research findings to introduce the edible fungal species to provide the livelihood and support the economy of households in the forest.