saud hashmi

Coastal area construction provides the biggest challenges in the country's development. Mechanical strength and durability are the two main challenges in coastal areas when compared to conventional construction. The proposed study explores the effect of recycled melamine powder and  poly (vinyl-co-ethylene) copolymer on workability, setting time, aggregate-to-cement adhesion, and the effect of moisture and saline water on concrete mechanical properties. Portland cement was sieved and dried sand, and aggregate was mixed in the ratio of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: aggregate) by weight. The three constituents were manually mixed with 40-45 wt. % tap water, based on cement content, until a homogenous mixture was visibly observed. Cylindrical samples with continuous tampering to avoid voids were cast in standard molds of 4”x 8” (100 x 200 mm) dimensions. The molds were covered and left for 24 hours for setting. Unmolded concrete samples were cured for 7 and 28 days in tap water. The concrete samples were dried and stored for further testing. The same concrete samples were prepared with an additional 1 wt. % and 3 wt. %, based on the cement content, of melamine and poly(vinyl-co-ethylene) copolymer. The samples were subjected to water slump height, water permeability, compressive strength and flexural tests, and carbonation tests. The results showed a 10 % and 16 % decrease in slump height for 1 % and 3 % loadings, respectively for both polymers when compared to controlled samples. Reinforced concrete showed less water penetration for both polymers due to their hydrophobic nature. Higher compressive and flexural strengths and low carbonation depth were obtained for reinforced concrete irrespective of the polymers used in this research.

A cotton-based hydrogel nanocomposite was effectively arranged through free radical graft co-polymerization of a combination of Acrylic Acid (AA), acrylonitrile (AN), and sodium acrylate (NaA) onto the texture pursued by the addition of Ag nanoparticles. Ammonium persulfate (APS) and potassium persulfate (KPS) were utilized as initiators within sight of a crosslinker methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). These samples are characterized by Fourier Transform IinfraRed (FT-IR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to affirm the hydrogel nanocomposite structure. At first, the influencing factors onto graft polymerization were efficiently enhanced to accomplish a hydrogel with a swelling limit as high as expected under the circumstances. The came about nanocomposite shows overly hydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties. In this manner, the grafted texture, specifically from oil/water, blends separated water with high separation productivity. The impacts of channel type, level of covered hydrogel on cotton, nearness of Ag nanoparticles, extricated oil type, and temperature effect were studied on the hydrogel. Nanocomposite on the partition effectiveness of channels was additionally examined. The as-prepared materials were super hydrophilic and superoleophobic in air and submerged in water. Diesel oil and vegetable oil were used selectively at 10% and 20% volume in water. The separation efficiencies for each were observed on different samples, with and without Ag nanoparticles. The materials can isolate the scope of various oil/water blends (counting immiscible oil/water blends and surfactant-balanced out emulsions) with >97% separation efficiency. Effect of poly AN-CO-NaA and poly AN-co-AA ratios the samples show the same nature, their weight increases with time. The rates were different owing to the monomer ratios. Hence the more hydrophilic groups present, the greater the absorption rate, which shows the characteristics of this poly AN-co-AA grafted hydrogel. Sodium acrylate at different proportions in poly AN-co-NaA was tested, and it can be deduced that hydrophilicity increased with greater proportions of the sodium acrylate. Along these lines, the straightforward and effortless technique has superb potential in various applications such as industrial oil-polluted wastewater and oil spillage clean-up.

Oil refineries are facing an ever-strict restriction in terms of fuel specification in view of the several policies by the environmental impact agency (EIA). Strict rules have been enforced on the gasoline product specification. Isomerization is one of the key processes for increasing the octane number of gasoline. Hence a case study has been performed using the concept of hydrogen once-through technology to analyze the process constraints for optimal operation of the process using Aspen HYSYS. In addition to this, a rigorous process model of isomerate stabilizer was also used to compare the results of the stabilizer model and optimize those various variables affecting the octane number of gasoline. The model was validated by observing the effects of constraints on the efficiency of the process by comparing it with the operational isomerization unit to further verify the authenticity of the case study. Furthermore, a calculator has been generated for the reactor temperature with respect to high benzene contents in the feedstock (benzene in feed Vs reactors ΔT).

With the increased amount of focus is being put towards reducing the emissions results from fossil fuel usually composed of hydrocarbons and impurities. The study aim at utilizing the ability of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4]. Ionic liquid as the suitable solvent for the extraction of the thiophene and its derivatives from the model gasoline. The process simulation was performed on the ASPEN plus(V8.8) with the help of UNIFAC as the thermodynamic model, previously NRTL was used as the method to calculate the interaction. The different parametric analysis was calculated for the removal of thiophene-based compounds from model gasoline. Outcomes acquired shows the significance of imidazolium-based ionic liquid(ILs) 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate towards the separation about S-contents from the liquid fuels at an optimum process condition of 30ᵒC and 2 bar pressure with the 1:1 ratio of ionic liquid and model gasoline which confirms the experimental outcomes obtained previously in the literature. By using these mild conditions, easy phase separation, high reusability, and various other process parameters have been established based on the process simulation model using ASPEN plus.