فهرست مطالب sepideh dehghani

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation in infants. The burden is defined as the perceived caregiver’s sufferings of their emotional or physical health, social and financial life as a result of caring for loved ones. Lifelong CHD endures significant burdens on patients, families, and society. Parents of children with chronic illnesses such as CHD are more likely to be challenged than other parents. Furthermore, evidence shows the impact of this burden on parents’ health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the burden on caregivers of patients with CHD.

In this cross-sectional study, 72 caregivers of patients with CHD in the Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran were recruited. Face-to-face interviews with caregivers had been done. The demographic and disease-related data were collected. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was applied for disease burden assessment. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 22.

In the present study, most caregivers 34 (47.2%), suffered from moderate to severe burden. The mean caregiver burden score was 42.78 which is categorized as a moderate to severe burden score. The siblings’ number and level of caregivers’ education had a significant association with the caregiver’s disease burden.

CHD is associated with a significant caregivers’ disease burden. Although the disease-related factors were not related to disease burden, the higher caregivers’ education was related to fewer caregivers’ disease burden. Therefore, paying attention to the caregiver’s burden is an important clinical issue.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that causes a great burden on the individual and society. Despite many studies, there is no consent about the etiology, diagnostic and treatment method of IBS. In recent years, neurologic factors have been given attention for better understanding and management of this disorder. The aim of the present study was a narrative review on the pathophysiology of IBS with emphasis on the role of the central neural system especially brain factors. Based on the literature review, variant factors have a role in the pathophysiology of IBS and recently the hypothesis of gut-brain axis dysfunction is considered as an important factor to induce the IBS symptoms. The Gut-brain axis is a neuro-structural context in that happen connection between brain and gut by interaction among the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and enteric nervous system. The review of studies about brain function and structure of patients with IBS indicated that cortical and subcortical areas related to pain, emotion, and cognition are different in IBS patients than in healthy people. These results lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome that can be used in diagnostic and treatment processes in clinical and research settings.

The aim of this study was to compare the power of ongoing oscillatory activity by using electroencephalography (EEG) between patients with IBS and healthy individuals. The present study was a basic-applied research and regarding the comparison of variables between IBS and healthy group, the study was designed as casual-comparative. The statistical population included patients with IBS who were referred to digestive clinic of Shariati hospital and Masoud digestive clinic in Tehran from 2015-2019. 11 IBS patients (7 female and 4 male) and 11 healthy (7 female and 4 male), gender and age-matched, were selected and brain oscillations were recorded by a 64-channel EEG at rest in eye-closed condition. Oscillations were analyzed by fast Fourier transform and independent t test. The results of power spectrum analysis showed that the IBS patients had augmented theta (4-8 Hz) power in all channels (p<0/05). Increased theta power in IBS patients may contribute to chronic pain or represent the outcome of symptoms.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort and change in the intestinal habits. The aim of this study was the comparison of brain oscillations features between patients with IBS and healthy control, speciallity in alpha frequency band by using rest-electroencephalography (EEG). 11 IBS patients (7 females and 4 male) and 11 healthy (7 females and 4 male), gender and age-matched, were selected and brain oscillations were recorded by a 64-channel EEG at rest in eye-closed condition. Alpha power, peak alpha frequency and frontal alpha asymmetry were calculated and analyzed by fast Fourier transform and independent t test. The results showed that in IBS group, the average of alpha was higher, the peak alpha frequency and frontal alpha asymmetry are lower than healthy control. Our findings indicated that difference between healthy control and IBS group in their cortical functions and generated brain wave oscillation, specifically in alpha frequency bands. Theses results may serve as a biomarker and prognostic tools for IBS treatments.

Autobiographical memory, or memory for personal experiences, allows individuals to define themselves and construct a meaningful life story. Current research aims to review the definition and theories of autobiographies memory and how it usually changes or abnormally in older adults. Base on studies, as we grow older autobiographical memory drops off, also semantic memory changes a little or sometimes doesn't change at all. How autobiographical memory changes in normal elders with neurological disease depends on the kind of disease and brains factor which effect on how these changes happen, the useful neurological factors and current explanation are expansively discussed.

In spite of all improvements in understanding of biological and neurological factors of addiction, it is still a general health problem which is followed by personal and social sufferings and imposes a huge burden on individual, family, and society. Addiction (behavior) is likely to begin in adolescence more than any other age group. Brain different developmental pathways including cortical and subcortical regions in adolescents are one of the factors which may result in risky behaviors such as addiction (behaviors) in this age group more than other age groups. Therefore, more studies in order to understand biological and neurological factors in adolescents addiction are necessary since they lead to preventive and therapeutic strategies. This article presents a review of biological models of addiction, brain developments in adolescence, and substance use impact on brain in order to integrate understandings of this age group addiction. Review on literature suggests that lack of balance between development pace of forefront cortical regions and subcortical reward regions is one of the factors which increases disposition to addiction. Also substance use in adolescents may in turn lead to brain changes which increase likelihood of addiction and substance abuse in next years.

Early maladaptive schemas are developed through childhood experiences, especially those of parents-children. Thoughts, behaviors, and interpersonal relathionships are influenced by these schemas throughout the life. Couple's relationship are determined by parenting styles as well as early maladaptive schemas. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between parenting styles and marital problems. A total of 378 volunteers (182 men, 196 women) from Tehran general population participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS). Authoritative parenting style showed a significant negative association with marital problems while authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting styles showed significant positive associations with marital problems. Early maladaptive schemas also showed a significant positive association with marital problems. Analysis of the data revealed that early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between parenting styles and marital problems. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that some kind of the parenting styles might develop early maladaptive schemas. These parenting styles then provide couples and families with problems through the early maladaptive schemas later on.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by the presence of recurrent and persistent thoughts، urges، or images as well as repetitive behaviors or mental acts. According to the existing evidence، it can be predicted that difficulties in emotion regulation، impulsivity، and anger are related to obsessive-compulsive disorder in one way or another. The aim of the present study was to predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms on the basis of difficulties in emotion regulation، impulsivity، and anger. A total of 171 individuals from Tehran general population (71 men، 100 women) participated in this study as volunteers. Participant completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)، Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS)، Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI)، and The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R). The results indicated that obsessive-compulsive symptoms could be predicted by non-acceptance of negative emotions، limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies، cognitive impulsivity، motor impulsivity، and anger-in. According to the results of the present study، it can be concluded that psychopathology، prevention، and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder recall precise attention to risk factors of difficulties in emotion regulation، impulsivity، and anger.

Aim and Neuroticism is assumed to be a predisposing factor for depressive conditions. Yet, the mechanisms of this vulnerability is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of alexithymia on the relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms in university students.Methods and Materials: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The target population was students of Tehran University studying in educational year 1391-1392. 72 females and 78 males were selected as the sample by availability method of sampling. They completed the Neuroticism subscale of NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were analyzed by using path analysis with SPSS 18 and LISREL 8.5. The results indicated that difficulty describing feelings (direct effect = 0.60, indirect effect = 0.14, P < 0.05) and difficulty identifying feelings (direct effect = 0.37, indirect effect = 0.32, P < 0.05) were the mediating factor in the relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that neuroticism influences depressive symptoms through the influence of individual abilities in processing and regulating emotional information. These results may be useful in the development of educational and treatment programs for emotion management and overcoming depression.

Aim and Early maladaptive schemas are assumed to be a disrupting factor for quality of life. Yet, the mechanism of this vulnerability is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas in domain of disconnection and rejection and mental quality of life.Methods and Materials: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was consisting of males and females who were 20 to 35 years old and they were residents of Isfahan in year 1390. 245 people were selected as the sample by availability method of sampling. They completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS) and WHOQOL-BREF Quality of life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using path analysis with SPSS 18 and LISREL 8.5. The path analysis indicated that emotion-focused strategy is the mediator between emotional deprivation schema and mental quality of life (direct effect = -0.11, indirect effect = -0.07, P< 0.05) and between abandonment schema and mental quality of life (direct effect = -0.09, indirect effect = -0.04, P< 0.05) Coping strategies are mediator in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and mental quality of life. Therefore, modification of coping strategies can improve mental quality of life in people who have early maladaptive schemas.