فهرست مطالب seyed abbas razavi

Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi (1859-1936), the head of Islamic Seminary of Qom and one of the prominent jurists in the field of religious developments in contemporary Iran. In his era, Islamic Seminary of Qom became integrated and was able to give a new coherence to the intellectual line of authority in Iran during the age of Reza Khan. The current question is, what approach did he take in the field of religious propagation and what network did he create during his 15 years of being the head of the seminary? This study seeks to obtain the history of religious propagation organizations in the era of Ayatollah Haeri with the aim of knowing the propagation power of this institution in the first Pahlavi era. This research, based on the method of description and analysis of library data, has examined the historical events. The findings suggest that Ayatollah Haeri, by making it customary to propagate during Muharram and Ramadan days and forming a network of propagators, eulogists, and Ta'aziah singers throughout Iran, which was managed by his students, gave religious propagation a network form and he could stand against the anti-religious policy of the Pahlavi government

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the degree of attention of the second stage elementary school's textbooks from the viewpoint of stimulating students' curiosity. The research method is descriptive in general and a quantitative content analysis in specially. The population consists of all textbooks of the grades 4,5 and 6 which includes 9 volumes of books. Data gathered using a researcher-made scale. To ensure the validity of the researcher-made scale, it was reviewed by 11 experts in the field of educational sciences and educational psychology. The validity of the checklist was calculated and confirmed using the CVI index (Waltz and Bausell). To ensure the scale reliability, the composite reliability coefficient was calculated (0.89) and showed that the tool has high reliability. The unit of analysis was theme and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage as well as tables and graphs were used for data analysis. The findings of the research indicated that the content of the second stage elementary school's textbooks did not pay equal and balanced attention to the components of curiosity. More attention has been paid to the components of "independent activity" and "questioning" ; while the components of "surprising" and "freshness" were paid less attention. Another finding of this research showed that in sixth grade textbooks more attention is paid to students' curiosity than in fourth and fifth grades.

Deep and meaningful learning of learners in educational environments is influenced by various factors, each of which can somehow affect the improvement of learners' learning. In this regard, considering the principles and views of constructivist theories, especially social constructivism, which has attracted the most attention among constructivist theories, it is necessary to have a social to the learning process and learning environments and organized learning environments in a way that allows learners to actively interact and participate. On the other hand, many factors have led to the socialization of learning in our schools, especially in theoretical subjects such as the experimental sciences. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to design a model of social constructivist learning environment in the experimental sciences.

Qualitative research approach with use of grounded theory research method is utilised. The target group consisted of all prominent professors who have mastered the constructivist approach and teachers of experimental sciences selected from the best teaching models in the academic year 1397-98 in the country, who were selected using theoretical purposive sampling. Using semi-structured interviews, 13 interviews were conducted with professors and teachers in the field of social constructivism and theoretical saturation was obtained.

Data were analyzed by "coding" and "categorization" in three levels of open, axial and selective coding. Also, to determine the validity of the data, the "Triangulation". Overall, the findings confirmed the six dimensions of the grounded theory. The results showed that the "central phenomenon" of the research is "social constructivism as a model of socialization of learning". Also, the most important "causal conditions" included: active student participation, designing a student-centered learning environment, laying the groundwork for student-centered learning, continuity of teaching and experience, and interactive learning. in addition, "contextual conditions " include: Teacher professional development, removal of structural, administrative and physical barriers, and "intervening conditions" including mechanical and quantitative education systems, teacher quality, Learners quality and family quality. "Strategies" also included: social interaction in learning, emphasis on question and research, the art of motivating, Self-directing learners in learning, and the fit between content, place, and time of instruction. Finally, "outcomes" showed positive effects on learning and knowledge, increasing motivation and confidence in the learning environment, strengthening high-level abilities and skills, improving the quality of social life and changing learners' attitudes.

In general, the model of education based on social constructivism is a systematic, indigenous and practical way to identify important elements in the socialization of learners' learning that should be considered by teachers, school principals and educational policy makers in general, because in this case we can consider Causal factors affecting the socialization of learning with regard to contextual and interventionist conditions by applying appropriate strategies paved the way for the formation of desirable educational outcomes for learners.

The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of versions 1 and 2 of the educational network for students (Shad) in terms of features such as educational capabilities, program design and appearance, and performance and technical features. A survey method was used to conduct the research. The statistical population of this research was the teachers of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, in the academic year of 1398-1399, 1127 and in the academic year of 1399-1400, 1588 teachers were selected from different academic courses by simple random sampling method. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Lawshe index (CVR) and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.78). Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (independent t-test) statistical methods.The findings showed that in general, Shad2 network has a higher quality compared to Shad1. Also, the quality of Shad 2 is higher than Shad 1 in terms of educational capabilities, program design and appearance, and performance and technical features. Therefore, it can be said that the educational network for students (Shad) has improved.

Professional teachers should do research to improve their educational activities. The Teacher Researcher Program, which is currently being implemented in our education system, is an attempt to develop research and action research in education. The aim of this study was to identify the obstacles and problems of implementation of the Teacher Researcher Program from the viewpoint of teacher researchers and school principals in Ilam city. An Exploratory mixed-method was used for research. The data were collected in the qualitative section through interviews and in the quantitative section through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were calculated by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.87) and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 educational experts. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative section, open and selective coding methods were used; in the quantitative part, descriptive and inferential methods (t-test) were used. Participants of this research in the qualitative section included 13 researcher teachers and 2 research experts at the Department of Education. In the quantitative part, due to the small number of the community, all 109 teachers and 100 principals were included in the research. Based on quantitative and qualitative results, the Teacher Researcher Program faces some obstacles and problems in various dimensions, such as in-service training and justification classes, resources and facilities, planning, motivation, attitude, knowledge and research skills, information, evaluation, family-student. Applied suggestions are provided.

The purpose of this study is to design a model for facilitating teaching and learning process based on the experiences of female principals of primary schools. In order to achieve this goal, the qualitative approach and the Grounded theory method were used. The research population included 39 female principals of elementary schools in Izeh city. Sampling by snowball method continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally a semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 female principals of elementary schools in Izeh city. And then the information collected in the interviews were analyzed using three main stages of data coding (open, Axial and selective). In the first stage of open coding, 285 initial codes were identified, which were reduced to 121 codes after removing duplicate codes. In the Axial coding stage, 21 categories were obtained from establishing links and communication between the concepts, then these categories were categorized into 6 main categories (central category, causal conditions, Contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences) and the final model of facilitating the teaching process- Learning was achieved. Based on the theory obtained from the research findings, causal and effective conditions on facilitating the teaching-learning process, ,Contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences have been examined and the final model has been presented.

Creativity is recognized as one of the key skills in the 21st century. Higher education curricula should cover this skill seriously. The purpose of this study was to explore students' experiences of the creativity process in project-based learning. For this purpose, a descriptive phenomenological method was used. Participants were 11 undergraduate students who were studying educational sciences at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and were selected by purposive sampling method. Inclusion criteria were: undergraduate student in educational sciences, passing an individual project course, doing a creative project, and willingness to participate in the study. The students were involved in a creative project (making an educational game) for approximately 4 months. At the end of the project, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the students. Data were analyzed by a seven-level Colaizzi method. To increase the accuracy of data analysis, MAXQDA software was used. Data analysis revealed four main themes: a) Experiences related to encountering the project, b) processes, c) supportive resources, d) outcomes. Each of the main themes had other sub-themes. Based on the research findings, suggestions have been made to facilitate and improve the students' creativity process.

The purpose of this study was to assessing the quality of the mentioned network from three aspects: educational capabilities, program design and appearance, performance and technical characteristics. This research is generally descriptive and specially a survey. The statistical population of this study was all teachers in Khuzestan province. Due to the prevalence of Covid-19 disease and also the size of the study population, an available random sampling method was used. 1588 teachers participated in the research as a statistical sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire approved by using the Lowshe’s content validity ratio index (CVR). Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the pilot implementation was 0.94 and in the main implementation was 0.96, which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one sample t-test and Friedman test. The findings showed that the quality of the educational network in all three dimensions (including educational capabilities, design and appearance of the program, as well as performance and technical characteristics) is above average. Another finding of this study showed that quality of "design and appearance of the program" is more than other dimensions. Although the quality of Shad educational network was generally above average from the point of view of the studied teachers, however, in order to improve it and achieve the desired situation, it is necessary to improve this platform, especially in terms of educational capabilities, performance and technical characteristics.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the extent to which teachers use appropriate and inappropriate humor during the teaching process. Humor in education is an essential tool that can help teachers to enhance student learning by creating a motivating classroom environment. Using humor in the classroom requires certain techniques and principles that can be learned. Some types of humor have positive results and increase the effectiveness of teaching. In contrast, there are other types of humor that, when used in the teaching process, have negative effects on the teaching and learning process. In this regard, the category that has been studied in this study is the category of Frymier et al. (2008, p.5,4) which classifies humor in teaching in to two categories: appropriate humor and inappropriate humor. Appropriate humor means that humor is not offensive or appropriate for the classroom. Inappropriate humor is a type of humor that is offensive or not appropriate for the classroom.

This research is a quantitative research based on statistical analysis of numerical information in terms of approach and data collection method. In terms of purpose, it is applied and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive research, survey type. The statistical population of this study included all secondary school students in Shush city (Khuzestan province) in the academic year 2019-2020. The minimum sample size was calculated according to Morgan table and a total of 366 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through an appropriate and inappropriate humor questionnaire (Frymier et al., 2008). Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated (α=0.95). One-sample t-test, independent t-test and dependent t-test were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that teachers' use of two types of appropriate and inappropriate humor was less than average, while teachers in the teaching process were used more appropriate humor than the inappropriate one. Also, male teachers, more than female teachers, have used appropriate and inappropriate humor in the teaching process.

Student learning is very important, and it is the teacher's task to produce his teachings- learning process, and topics with appropriate communication tools to make student learning a reality. One of these communication tools is humor, which the teacher should be able to use the best types of humor, including the appropriate humor that helps the teaching-learning process.

The present applied research with meta-analysis method sought to combine research on the effect of constructivism-based education on students' academic performance in experimental sciences course. The field of research of the study consisted of available studies that have been disseminated in Iran and abroad for the past 15 years in the form of theses, scientific research articles, and scientific conferences at Iran research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc), The Scientific Information databases (Sid), Database of Iranian Publications (Magiran), Sivilica and scientific-research journals in the field of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Science Direct, ERICT, Psych info, Scopus, and Google Scholar. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 effect sizes were evaluated among 109 studies.Initial studies were used to analyze the combined effect size with two fixed and random effects models and to investigate Publication Bias by sensitivity analysis using Funnel plotand and statistical index of Safe of fail statistic and Q Cochran test and I-square to investigate heterogeneity were used and Fisher's Z-factor was used to convert the effect size. Combined effect size results were obtained for the random effects model (2.64). The results also showed that the variables of the type of tools and the type of interventions used are moderating the effectiveness of constructivist-based education on students' academic performance in experimental science course. The findings of this meta-analysis have strong theoretical and empirical support and warrant the necessity to review and apply constructivist-based education in the country's education system.

The major aim of study was to evaluate the 6th grade elementary curriculum change based on the Fullan model from the viewpoint of teachers and school principals. The research method was mixed (explanatory). In the quantitative phase, the population was composed of teachers and principals of the primary schools of Koohrang city. Due to the small size of the population, all individuals were selected as samples (100 teachers and 50 principals). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The reliability was calculated using Cronbach Alpha coefficient test (α=0.94) and its validity approved by 10 academic experts. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (one sample t-test, independent t-test). In the qualitative section, 14 teachers and principals were interviewed. The interviews continued to reach the theoretical saturation. The Date were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. According to the findings, from the point of view of the research participants, the curriculum characteristics (need clarity, complexity, quality/practicality) and local characteristics (district, school community, principal, and teacher) were not adequately addressed.

Developing a model for internal evaluation of departments of Iranian universities with metaevaluation approachHojat gholamzadeh Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranSakine shahi Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranHamid Farhadi rad Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranSeyed abbas razaviDepartment of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAbstractThe present study is to meta-evaluate the status qua of higher education internal evaluation and subsequently propose a meta-evaluation model. In so doing, a qualitative design is used. In-depth Semi-structured interview was used to gather data from the informants. In addition, document analysis was conducted. To analyze data, free coding, axial coding and selective coding were used. The proposed meta-evaluation model was comprised of three primary constructs, e.g. context of internal evaluation (cultural aspect, paradigm aspect, structural aspect, and quality aspect), content of internal evaluation (model, goals, and indicators), and execution of internal evaluation (pre-execution, while execution, and post-execution). Finally, necessary steps are presented to approach meta-evaluation. Keywords: higher education, quality evaluation, internal evaluation, meta-evaluation

The main objective of this study was to compare learning health knowledge, attitude, and behavior through social media discussion vs classroom discussion. In this experimental design with control group, 40 girl students in 7th grade of secondary schools in Abadan were selected with cluster sampling and group's random assignment experimental and control. The experimental group received five sessions of presentations in class plus five groups discussion via social media. the control group received same instruction through classroom presentation and discussion. A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Questionnaire validity was confirmed by experts. Its reliability was approved by Cronbach test (calculated alpha for knowledge, attitudes, and behavior subscale was 0.73, 0.81, and 0.90). The pre-test and post-test data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) method. Results showed significant differences between experimental and control groups on health knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. It revealed that for adolescents’ health education, discussion thorough social media is more effective than classroom discussion.

  Mathematics teaching has important role in people mental and social improvement. In current digital world, teaching math is increasingly necessary, but many problems may occur in students’ functioning in math. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of George Polya’s mathematics method on problem solving skill and math achievements of fifth grade female students in Dezful.

This research was a quasi-experimental research with the design of non-equivalent groups. Three female primary schools from three different social-economical regions of Dezful, "uptown, city center, downtown", were selected by cluster random sampling method. In each school, two 5th grade classes were selected. Then, one class was assigned randomly to experimental group and the other one as the control group. The number of the students in each group was 65 persons. Research instrument was a descriptive researcher-made test that implemented in two steps (pre-test and post-test). This descriptive 20 items test included 5 main questions. Each question included 4 minor questions that assessed components such as comprehension, strategy selection, calculation and assessment, in the way of George Poliya`s problem solving. The validity of the test was confirmed by some experts in education. For investigating the reliability, Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.81. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analysis data.

The findings showed that the mean scores of experimental group had a significant increase in post-test, in comparison to pre-test; that means teaching problem solving skills has a significant positive impact on the students’ achievement. The highest effect was on comprehension (ŋ2 = 0.57), strategy selection (ŋ2 = 0.56) and review (ŋ2 = 0.57), and the lowest effect was on calculation (ŋ2 = 0.42).

Based on these finding, we can say that problem solving is a learnable skill, and must be taught to reach academic progress, especially in mathematics. By teaching this skill, the important part of academic disappointment of students in math can be diminished.

Nowadays, Professional ethics is one of the factors in the success of any organization and is known as a competitive advantage. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the status of heads of departments (HODs) in term of professional ethics. The population of the research was HODs (N=50), faculty members (N=554), and graduate students (N=2586). All HODs were involved in the research (n=50). But faculty members and graduate students were selected using stratified sampling method (n=234, n=335). The study was generally descriptive and specially survey. Cadozier questionnaire was used to collect data (α=0.83). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.22 using on sample t-test and one- way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results indicated that the status of professional ethics is desirable and above it. But differences were observed among HODs (Heads of Departments), faculty members, and student's point of view.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer games on spatial abilities. Spatial ability or the mind's eye is the ability of solving the problems through mental images and the ability of thinking visually or the ability of visualizing three-dimensionality.
175 male student and 80 female students of second elementary school from district 2 of Esfahan city participated in this study. The students were randomly divided into six groups (two-dimensional game play, three-dimensional) and control groups. Initially, each group was evaluated by Reven's Progressive Matrices test and then they play the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Tetris game in the 6 sessions of 20 minutes a day. At the end of program the post- test was used for all groups. The data were analyzed by t-test and factorial design.
Findings: the results of pre- and post-test showed that spatial ability of males (boys) is more than females (girls). The result showed that two-dimensional games more than three-dimensional games increase spatial ability; also computer games increase the spatial ability.
Computer games can increase the spatial ability that is greatly influenced in math, geometry, physics and chemistry.

Electronic learning is used for presenting a more flexible method of learning with greater opportunities for learners. It is considered as a tool for facilitating the learner's progress and activities, and creating effective learning environments. However, these factors can only be enhanced and their quality assured when they are evaluated. Without evaluating electronic learning programs and their related factors, this type of learning cannot be considered desirable and its quality cannot be enhanced. However, the evaluation and quality assurance of electronic learning should be done based on a scientific framework and a coherent model in order to have sufficient affectivity. The importance-performance analysis model is a suitable model in this regard. In this model, each component is evaluated in two dimensions of importance and performance. This descriptive-analytic article aims to study quality assurance and evaluation in electronic learning in higher education through the existing literature. Considering the role and importance of electronic learning in increasing the performance quality of higher education, programmers, managers, and all related experts in universities and higher education centers should evaluate research and educational sectors and identify their strengths and weaknesses in order to improve and develop higher education centers in Iran.

the purpose of the present research was to study current status of political education in formal elementary curriculum. The method used was descriptive-analytical. The main research techniques were qualitative content analysis and document review. So, textbooks and curriculum framework of social studies, Persian language and Islamic education were used in analysis process. The results show that the current status of political education in the elementary curriculum is not desirable. Most of objectives are addressed cognitive and affective domain, while less attention has been paid to political skills or psycho-motor domain. Other findings revealed that content of political education have failed to provide a good opportunity for political education in elementary schools based on religious democracy theory. Although proposed teaching and evaluation methods and techniques appear to be optimal, however due to the weakness and shortcomings of educational content, cannot be affective. And finally between the mentioned curricula from the perspective of political education there is no coordination.