seyed hasan malaekeh

Ayatollah Taleghani belongs to the lineage of contemporary religious reformers who, over fifty years of political and social activity, dedicated his life to the revival of religious thought and ideology, grounded in the Quran. Similarly, Abdul Rahman Kawakibi is among the renowned reformers and revivalists in the modern history of Islam. This research aims to compare the political thought of Ayatollah Taleghani and Abdul Rahman Kawakibi on the issue of despotism. Our hypothesis in this study is based on the assertion that the political thought of these two thinkers on despotism exhibits both similarities and differences. In this research, we seek to answer the question: What are the similarities and differences between the political thoughts of these two intellectuals regarding despotism? The research findings indicate that both thinkers oppose any form of despotism and advocate for resistance against it in all dimensions, particularly in combating religious and political despotism. The difference in their viewpoints stems from the divergent perspectives of Shia and Sunni regarding the establishment of governance, especially Ayatollah Taleghani's view on forming a government during the occultation of the Infallible Imam. The research method employed in this article is comparative.

The issue of the existence of government is a necessity of human social life. The existence of sovereignty, because it is responsible for creating order, security and law enforcement in society, has a rational necessity so that without the rule of society, there will be chaos. Every government has political power, and this is an inseparable feature of all governments and governments. Given that power is the core of government, it can be said that political power in a government when it has social legitimacy is called authority and when it does not have social legitimacy it causes tyranny. The power of its possessor is to force others to surrender against their will in any form. Authority is the starting power that acquires its legitimacy on the basis of religion, law, tradition, and so on. National authority is the product of legitimate economic, military, cultural, political, scientific and technological powers. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of Imam Khomeini's ideas on the formation of the foundations of the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article tries to achieve the desired purpose with the analytical subject under discussion and by using descriptive-analytical method and by using library-documentary studies.