فهرست مطالب seyed reza javadi

One of the causes of instability of sloping hillsides is the construction of forest roads, which leads to soil erosion and its effects. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of litter cover and residuals on runoff and sediment in the cut slope and fill slope of forest roads in the forests of Guilan province. For this purpose, four cut slopes and fill slope were selected and in each of them, four plots (2 m2) with four litter cover and residuals including without cover, 30%, 60% and 90% and with a fixed slope of 30% was measured. Samples were measured after each rainfall with an approximate intensity of 80 mm/h. The results showed that the mean of runoff in the cut slope were 759.3, 748.6, 372.6 and 196 ml/m2, in the fill slope were 216.6, 156.6, 77.1 and 69.5 ml/m2, respectively. Mean of sediment in the cut slope were 1.08, 0.96, 0.13 and 0.07 g/l, in the fill slope were 1.51, 1.06, 0.27 and 0.08 g/l, respectively. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the amount of runoff and sediment created in the litter cover and residuals classes (P<0.05). The mean of runoff produced in the cut slope was significantly (P<0.05) higher than their mean in the fill slope in all cover percentages. Results of the study showed that litter cover and residuals had a significant effect on reducing runoff and sediment in forests roads.

Equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis is a very common cause of lameness in athletic horses inducing long lameness and prolonged recovery. Multiple treatment protocols have been proposed for this injury none of which have been able to solve the problem completely. Therefore, an affordable, widely available, and non-invasive thera-peutic protocol is sought in the horse industry.

The present study aimed to compare the use of topical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with a combination of topical DMSO and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF).

The subjects were divided into two groups of five polo ponies. The animals in the control group were treated by topical DMSO and controlled exercise, while the ponies in the experiment group received the same protocol plus PEMF on the injured tendon.

The ultrasonographic factors evaluated in the current study were mostly similar between the two groups except for fiber alignment and echogenicity. The latter variables were shown to have a slightly better improvement in the test group indicating the minimal positive effects of PEMF. In clinical evaluation, both groups were almost identical sug-gesting no impacts for PEMF.

In conclusion, applying PEMF using different protocols, such as more extended application at differ-ent frequencies is deemed necessary to elicit a favorable outcome of PEMF for the treatment of SDF tendonitis.

A secondary ectopic pregnancy is defined as continuing development of a fetus in the abdominal cavity after rupture of the uterine wall, which may be associated with a history of trauma.

A cat was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital of the University of Tehran with history of anorexia and vaginal bleeding. In clinical examination some masses werepalpated in abdominal cavity so the patient wasreferred to radiology and sonography for definite diagnoses. In ultrasonography examination three dead fetuses were detectedoutside the uterus. In US it so appeared that gestational sacs did not cover the fetuses and there was a rupture in cranial part of right uterine horn that made the case highly suspected to ectopic pregnancy caused by trauma.  

Therefore the cat was prepared for aseptic surgery and anesthetized with isofulorane. After incision of the lineaalba three fetuses were seen outside the uterus that wereattached to abdominal wall (left and right wall) and mesentery. There was no sign ofgestational sac to cover the fetuses. The three fetuses were bluntly dissected from the attachments and all conspicuous vessels were ligated and the fetuses were removed. Ovariohysterectomy was also performed to prevent recurrence. Recovery was uneventful.