فهرست مطالب seyede samaneh hoseini

Due to the fact that medical errors leading to mortality have been associated with low levels of professional ethics in physicians, this study was performed with aim to determine and compare the level of professional ethics of medical students in externships and internships at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 as a census on 307 students of Mashhad Medical School. In order to collect information, the professionalism level questionnaire including 5 dimensions (duty / responsibility, superiority / independence - dignity / honesty, altruism, respect) was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and ANOVA, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Mean age of the subjects was 23.67±1.5 years. In the three dimensions of responsibility, respect and honesty, trainees of the first year (students in the first year of the externship) had completely opposite views, while most trainees of the second year (students in the second year of the externship) and internship students agreed (p<0.01). In the "independence" dimension, all three groups were relatively agreed (p>0.087). In the "altruism" dimension, trainees of the first-year opinion were relatively agreed, but trainees of the second year and internship students disagreed with this dimension (p<0.01).

In terms of responsibility, honesty and respect, the mean scores of interns and second year stagers were significantly higher than the one year stagers; the mean score of altruism in the one year stagers was higher than the other two groups. Therefore, we must take steps to improve the level of professional ethics of students through the empowerment of professors, appropriate training of professional ethics in the form of theoretical and practical courses.

Gynecologic cancers are the important cause of women's mortality in the world. Considering the importance of epidemiological recognition of gynecologic cancers in regional form for planning the preventive measures, this study was performed with aim to assess the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with gynecologic cancers referring to Mashhad oncologic centers in 1982-2016.

In this cross-sectional study, after evaluation of all patients’ files recorded in the last 35 years, the required data were extracted and recorded. The study period was categorized into 4 intervals: before 1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2011-2016. The relative frequency, mean age at the time of diagnosis, and the 35-year trend were then assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-Square, Anova, and Scheffe tests. P 

Among 2953 studied patients, mean age was (49.32 ± 13.69 years. The highest mean age was observed among the patients with uterine body neoplasms (52.21±12.49) and the lowest mean age in those with ovarian cancer (46.09±16.09). The mean age at the time of diagnosis of ovarian cancer has significantly increased in the last decades (p<0.001) while decreased in those with cervical cancer (p=0.017). Cervical and ovarian cancers had the highest relative frequency during the entire study period (39.3% (1161 cases) and 36.6% (1080 cases), respectively). There was also a significant difference in the frequency of various cancers across different decades (p<0.001).

Cervical cancer was the most frequent neoplasm in this study. The mean age of diagnosis had increased in patients with ovarian cancer and decreased in cervical cancer. Since cervical cancer can be controlled by preventive measures, more attention to screening of this cancer is recommended.

Lung cancer (LC) is a global public health priority. In this study, the epidemiology and current trends of primary LCs were investigated in northeast of Iran.

Demographic and pathologic records of primary LCs during 1985-2012 in Mashhad (capital of northeast of Iran) were reviewed. Data were obtained from archives of the largest referral oncologic hospital and the only private outpatient radiation-oncologic clinic in the region. To investigate trends, study duration was classified into 3 periods: 1985-1995, 1995-2005, and 2005-2012. Patients were placed in one of these 3 groups, based on the date of their pathologic diagnosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. T test, chi-squared, and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis, and statistical significant level was set at < 0.05.

Among 939 cases with pathologic diagnosis of primary LC, male-to-female ratio was 2.36. Mean±SD age at diagnosis was 61.47±12.01 years in males and 58.45±12.75 in females (p=0.001). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent pathologic subtype. Mean age at diagnosis and rate of smokers were unchanged during the study (p= 0.978 and 0.153, respectively). Relative frequency of leading pathologic subtypes changed in 3 intervals (p<0.001): it was increasing in adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma and decreasing in SCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). There were statistically significant differences in the mean age at diagnosis (p<0.001), rate of smokers (p<0.001), and male-to-female ratio (p=0.011) between leading pathologic subtypes.

Similar to universal picture, rate of adenocarcinoma in northeast of Iran was rising during recent decades, especially among younger patients, women, and nonsmokers. These trends are indicative of changes in exposures and smoking habits and reveal the need for regional studies in these contexts.