seyyed ahmad hosseini

The concept of good faith is recognized in many legal systems and entails significant implications. It has received particular attention and influence in German and English law across various fields. The liability of non-owner possessors (in both legal and material terms) represents one of the most important areas. This paper aims to examine the possibility of the impact of good faith on the liability of non-owner possessors regarding damages caused to the subject of possession, as well as the quality of this impact, through a library-based comparative analysis. In German and English law, the recognition of the concept of good faith and the emphasis on attributing damages to the conduct of the possessor to recognize their liability, alongside the influence of good faith in establishing this attribution, have allowed the good faith of the possessor to eliminate or mitigate their liability in both tortious (obligatory) and contractual contexts. However, in domestic law, the influence of jurisprudence and the scope of the concepts of usurpation and quasi-usurpation, particularly in cases of material possessions, limits the support for a possessor acting in good faith, and it seems that the solution to protecting a possessor acting in good faith lies in distinguishing between the usurper and the quasi-usurper. On the other hand, in legal possessions, the attribution of damages to the conduct of the possessor receives more importance, and to some extent, the situation is similar to German and English law.

In most legal systems today "good faith" is a well-known and effective concept in legal relations. One of the most important aspects of this effect is the effect of good-faith in the transfer of ownership. So if the person in possession; was acted in good-faith and unaware of the other’s rights to the property transferred; subject to some conditions, his good-faith causes the transfer of ownership to him and remains immune from real owner. This approach has been reinforced in German law, meanwhile specifying in legal provisions, by the establishment of principles and rules by jurists. In English law, however, the concept of good-faith has not been as popular as that of German law. However, the vast powers of the courts and the adoption of realistic, justice-based approaches by them, have led to the protection of good-faith possessor and this approach has been extended to some legal provisions. The concept of good-faith is also recognized in domestic law and is specified in some legal provisions. considering the dynamism of “Shi’a jurisprudence” as the basis of rules and legal provisions in domestic law And the lack of any conflict between the essence of good-faith and this basis, It seems that The approaches of the German and English legal systems can be used to strengthen these domestic legal institutions whose actions lead to the protection of the good-faith possessor and change some traditional approaches which the application of them would lead to the detriment of the good-faith possessor.

The worldwide population growth leads to an increase in livestock production that along with the challenges caused by climate change and water scarcity highlights the importance of raising resistance livestock such as camels. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of partial and total replacement of dietary alfalfa with camelthorn. Total 18 fattening Sandi growing dromedary camels (9 to 10 months old with an average initial weight of 115±7.7 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental treatments in a completely randomized design, with 6 replicates for each treatment. Experimental diets included: 1- control diet (without camelthorn), 2- diets containing 25% camelthorn, and 3- diets containing 50% camelthorn (dry matter basis). The feed intake was recorded daily and the animals were weighed monthly (on days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 150 of the experiment). The results showed that dry matter intake was increased with increasing camelthorn inclusion in the diet (P ≤ 0.05). Although, the average daily gain was reduced in the diet containing 50% DM camelthorn (P ≤ 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the treatment containing 25% DM camelthorn and control. Feed cost per kilogram weight gain and profit per kilogram of weight gain tended to increase (P = 0.01) with increasing the inclusion of camelthorn in the diet. Overall, the findings of this study showed that feeding camels with camelthorn up to 50% of dietary DM, not only did not have severe deleterious effects on growth performance, but also reduced the production costs.

The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritive value of Alhaji camelorum plant using nylon bag and gas production techniques which compared with alfalfa hay. Fodder samples were hand harvested and its chemical and phenolic composition was determined according to standard laboratory methods. The methods of gas production, nylon bags and three-step enzymatic digestion were used to determine the nutritive value of the samples. The amount of organic matter, crude protein and Ca of Alhaji camelorum was lower than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). Wheras, the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, ash and phosphorus content of Alhaji camelorum were significantly higher than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). The amount of total phenolic compounds, total tannin, condensed and hydrolyzable tannin of Alhaji camelorum was also higher than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the fast degradable, slow degradable and degradablity rates of Alhaji camelorum and alfalfa hay. However, the effective degradability of Alhaji camelorum was lower than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). Gas production rate (c) of Alhaji camelorum and alfalfa was similar, however, its gas production potential (b) was lower than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). Organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and net energy for lactation were also estimated to be lower in Alhaji camelorum than alfalfa hay (P<0.05). According to the results of the present research, Alhaji camelorum plant with appropriate nutritional caractristics and digestibility parameters along with its lower production cost compare to alfalfa hay, can be replaced with a part of the forage of camel diet.

The present article tries to provide a new classification of intelligibles (primary and secondary intelligibles) in Avicenna’s philosophical system and tries to show the real place of philosophical concepts like existence, unity, necessity and etc. in his thought based on this classification. In current scholarship the intelligibles are divided into primary and secondary intelligibles. The second intelligibles are divided into philosophical and logical. This division is widely accepted after Nasir al-Din Tusi. In current scholarship usually this theory is attributed to Avicenna as if he also divided the second intelligibles into philosophical and logical intelligibles. The present research tries to show that Avicenna does not consider the philosophical concepts as second intelligibles but more primary than any other primary concepts. According to him, among the concepts there must be primary concepts on which all other concepts rely. These concepts are present in the mind from childhood and in the level of the intellect in habitu (al-‘aql bi’l malakah). So the first intelligibles, for Avicenna, are divided into two categories: the essential ones or the intelligibles from quiddities and the philosophical ones like existence, unity and necessity which are present for us primarily. The second intelligibles for Avicenna are just logical ones.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely utilized in many types of applications, cinfirming their excellent role as carriers of drugs with a highly site-selective delivery capability. As nanotubes can release drugs into the tissue cells without damaging the healthy cells, it is necessary to determine the structural properties of drugs–SWCNTs complexes which may lead to the development of optimal SWCNTs as new effective drug transporters. In this work, a theoretical study of structural properties and reactivity of clopidogrel drug with C (5, 5) carbon nanotubes is presented. Computational and chemical simulations were carried out for clopidogrel, SWCNT and clopidogrel-SWCNT by B3LYP/6-31+G with the Gaussian 09 program and then energies of all optimized configurations were evaluated by the M06-2X density functional method. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), natural bond orbital (NBO), global reactivity descriptors and density of states (DOS) of clopidogrel and SWCNT were calculated. The results show that there is a relationship between the energy gap and the DOS. The nature of interaction and bonding between the clopidogrel and SWCNT is physisorption as the adsorption energy and charge transfer is small, and adsorption distance is large. Generally, the results of our simulation studies demonstrated that, the carbon nanotubes have a high potential to be considered as carriers of clopidogrel in drug delivery systems. Band gaps of clopidogrel-SWCNT complex, which were computed by B3LYP method, are 1.777 and 1.860 eV in gas and the solution phases, respectively. Also, the dipole moment of clopidogrel-SWCNT complex in solution phase is 5.286 Debye, which is higher than the gas phase (3.234 Debye). These results show the effect of the solvent on the complex.

In this study, the nutritional value of four camel rangeland plants, including Alhaghi Sp (AS), Haloxylon persicum (HP), Seidlitzia rosmarinous (SR)  and Tamarix Gallica (TG) in different phenological growth stages including vegetating, flowering and seeding were evaluated. Rangeland specieswere randomly sampled and their chemical composition were measured. Rumen digestibility of dry matter was assessed using a fistulated camel. The results showed that the amount of crude protein of AS and SR was higher than that of other species, Also, the lowest levels of natural detergent fibers, acid detergent fibers and tannins were observed in SR (P <0/05). Slowly degradable fraction, degradation rate and effective degradability of SR was significantly higher than other species (P <0/05). Results of this study showed that SR was better than other rangeland species due to its high crude protein content and lower acid detergent fiber and phenolic compounds, so it was used instead of alfalfa at three levels of zero, 50 and %100 in camel’s diet. Feeding SR did not affect milk yield and its components including fat, lactose and total solids. Dry matter intake of dairy camels decreased with increasing of SR in diet, but milk protein and urea nitrogen increased (P <0/05). The results of this study indicated that replacement of alfalfa hay with SR in feeding dairy camels while maintaining camel production performance, reduc the cost of feeding camel and made it more economical to rear this valuable livestock.

It appears according to writings in common law and domestic law that it’s impossible to consider a single base for civil liability and consequently bailee’s liability in all cases. Liability based on negligence, strict liability and objective liability are the concepts that have been explained when discussing the basis of liability. However, it seems that strict liability cannot be an independent base for civil liability and consequently bailee’s liability. Th liability based on negligence is rooted in the invocation of damages to the behavior of damage creator and in fact, the negligence is not the principle. On the contrary, the objective liability can have an independent basis for liability. Of course, mentioning these concepts, necessarily does not imply their existence in both said legal systems, but there is notable evidence that support the existence of a thought-provoking affiliation in the foundation of liability in these two systems. Practically, it can be said that, in terms of the efficiency in suppressing the bailee’s breach of duty, considering the objective liability and in most strict state, domestic law has accepted absolute liability and is more successful than common law.

Context: Breath-holding spells (BHSs) are episodes of brief, involuntary cessation of breathing that occur in children in response to stimuli such as anger, frustration, fear, or injury. It occurs in about 0.1%–4.6% of healthy children. Although the etiology is not known, autonomic dysfunction and increased vagal tonus leading to cardiac arrest and cerebral anoxia are considered to play a role. Increase of QT dispersion increases the risk of sudden death. Because of this, children are always referred to cardiac clinics.

Our aim was to evaluate According to these problems, our aim was the evaluation of ECG and Echocardiography findings in children diagnosed with BHSs in Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan. Settings and Design/ Methods and Material: All patients diagnosed with BHSs were enrolled in this study. In the first step, demographic characteristics and echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings were obtained from the patients. Statistical Analysis Used: For statistical analysis, the demographic variables and ECG and echocardiography information of the patients were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and statistical tests such as Chi-square.

Sixty-three (9%) children were male and 36 (1%) children were female. Thirty-eight (9%) children were aged between 1 and 2 years, and this group was the most common age group. The most common type of attack was cyanotic (68/5%); 24 (1%) children had a positive family history, 78 (8%) had incomplete or absent iron supplementation, and 68% of children had anemia. Five (6%) children had long QT in ECG and five (6%) had abnormal echocardiography. There was a significant correlation between echocardiography findings and age, whereas there was no significant relationship between ECG findings with age, echocardiography findings with sex, and type of attack with age and sex.

Although BHS among children with LQTS are relatively rare and occur at similar frequency as the general population, they can be the presenting symptom for a heart rhythm disorder.

The present research examined the study of the laboratory the effects of dew formation and humidity on the parameters mono crystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar panel. To create statuses dew formation equipped test lab device performance solar panel systems to environmental monitoring temperature and relative humidity. were evaluated this study dew formation of air relative humidity of 45, 60 and 75 percent at 25 degrees Celsius temperature on the surface the panel. The results showed that dew formation on the surface of the solar panel increases the performance parameters relative to humid weather conditions. The effects of the type of silicon panel and the relative humidity of ambient were very significant (p

This paper seeks to examine the point of view of the Shi`ite early scholars regarding the divine position of Imam and their divine appointing form Ahlolbeit. Although, Imam`s divine selection is of the fundamental beliefs in Shi`ite, in criticizing the Shi`ites perspective, some scholars consider this belief as the result of a intellectual perspective of theologians of Baghdad school of thoughts on religious issues. They also believe that the early scholars, until the beginning of the fifth century, considered Imamate as an earthly issue and they considered Imam`s divine appointing as an extremist act. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, this paper seeks to consider most of the early scholar`s view like the theologians and great men of Baghdad school of thoughts. They believed that Imamate is divine and the infallibles are selected on behalf of God in the position of political and religious leaders.

Background & Aims of the Study: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are one of the most causes that expose health care workers (HCWs) to blood infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, C and HIV. HCWs can reduce the rate of NSIs by performing protective procedures. This study was conducted to evaluate the needle stick exposure among health care workers in Razi hospital, Ahvaz, in 2015.
This descriptive study was conducted on 600 HCWs at Razi Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The data collection tool was a questionnaire included health care workers’ type of NSIs, ward, and their activity. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and were processed by SPSS version 16.
Results showed that 21.35% of volunteers were male and 78.65% were female. The results indicated that recapping the needles was the most risk factor for NSIs. Based on the findings the most important reasons for NSIs were recapping needles were found in 40.82%, handling needle on tray in 22.45%, suturing in 14.29%, dissembling needle devices in 10.20%, passing needle in 8.16% and transit of disposal needle devices in 4.08% of cases, respectively.
Conclusions According to the findings of our study, it seems that establishment and performs of courses about prevention of needle stick is very necessary.

Through clarifying the complex concepts in Aristotelian logic in his masterful commentary on all chapters of Aristotle’s Organon, as well as through his unprecedented innovations in the field of logic, particularly in his division of knowledge into “concept and judgment”, Farabi developed the Greek logical legacy in the world of Islam. In the present paper, the writers initially refer to and explore some of his ideas in the field of logic, such as the division of different types of knowledge into two categories of concept and judgment, his view of the particular and the universal and the origin of man’s knowledge, his division of universal concepts into the first and the second intelligible, his synthesis of Aristotle’s theory of predication with Porphyry’s five-fold universals, his definition of essentialism, his view of the inconsistency of modal negation with permissible negation, his specific theory of future possibility, his idea of induction and analogy, and his innovation regarding fallacy and the explanation and expansion of the different stand-points in this regard.

The small signal rotor angle stability which is called the small signal stability is an important issue in planning and operation of power systems. This type of stability is analyzed in four categories which include local, inter-area, control and torsional oscillations. Identification and segregation of these oscillations behavior can be used for applying control actions such as excitation system and power system stabilizer parameters tuning in order to control the oscillations damping. Determining the frequency of the system's critical modes and participation factors of the generators in these modes are one of the conventional methods for analyzing these oscillations which are calculated using analytical methods such as modal analysis. In this paper, capability of the generator's participation factor for determining the inter-area and local oscillations are studied at first by means of analytical methods. Conventional methods (e.g., modal analysis and time–domain simulations) are challenging and time consuming tasks. Thus, the generator's participation factor and power system oscillations type in the critical mode are predicted using a hybrid method containing a feature selection and probabilistic neural network (PNN) part. The advantage of the proposed method is the accuracy, fast calculations, simultaneous prediction of oscillations type and their participation in the dominant state variable of the generators in the critical modes.

One of the main factors for human gathering equivalence and stability is dwelling place. So the dwelling is a fundament requirement for family which is necessary provide human demands and all social life system is forming in a one dwelling place will be obstacle for forming, safe growth and become a place for pleasing family and these element has been causing the dwelling place converting to one of the main human requirements. The main object of the main human requirement of urban dwelling an approach to access social democracy in the urban region of razavi khorasan. In this research dwelling place index in the points including congestion, facilities percapita, microlitihic, endurance and materials. The required data has been obtained from 1385 demographic censuses and residence place which is the required data are un scaleby fuzzy model and then components weights related to each domain extracted by hierarchy model and applied for ranking urban points from TOPSIS model. Ultimately only %22/05 from all points in this index including desirable quality and %11/4 from area including mean quality but total 19 urban situated 8 urban in the unsuitable position.

In this research، we attempt to analyze the degree of social alienation and also the social factors which affect on social alienation of young people. The statistical society of this research includes twenty up to thirty year- old young people of Yasouj. 360 young people about twenty up to thirty years- old were selected based on sex and stratified sampling and examined through questionnaire. This is a quantitative research in respect of sort and an applicable one in respect of purpose. Descriptive statistics، and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data. The finding of the research showed that there is a correlation between independent variables (social confidence- public religions tendency- the degree of social congruence and the degree of life satisfaction) and dependant variable (i. e social alienation) and the strongest correlation is related to social confidence.

this research was conducted to determine the attitude of dormitory students in the university of IRAN medical medical sciences a bout existing deviant behavior in dormitories. The present study is a descriptive and cross sectional one, which was completed in the year 1383. The ultimate goal of the research is determining of the attitude of dormitory students regarding the existence of Deviant behavior among the students. In order to achieve the main objective, 325 students were selected through random sampling out of 2014 students (183 boys and 187 girls). The results are as follows: More than 50% of the students believe that, living in dormitory is one of the best period of their whole life. 41.7% found dormitory as a place to take rest after the class. 53.4% believe that marriage can fulfill firstly the affection needs and secondly the sexual needs as well. 86.3% thing that roommate from different provinces leads to maladjustment. There are some other factors to raise deviant behavior such as:- Limitation in social relation among the students in the university in 55.7%.- Existing social problems in the social structure which prevent marriage in 40.9%.- Family Conflicts and quarrels in 65.6%.- Deprivation of having relation with opposite gender in 79.3%.