فهرست مطالب seyyed mehdi zarghani

Since we have bodies, we are always in situations determined by our bodies. Therefore, even though the body, as an identity-constructing element, organizes any individual’s personal and social life, it is itself affected by technologies and cultural traditions offered in society to such an extent that its cultural aspect overshadows its biological dimension, and prescribes or envisages actions or positions for every individual, which should be called social roles and regarded as the basis of their identity. One example is the organization of bodies according to the sexual and gender modes imposed by society’s cultural forces. This paper studies stereotypical gender and sexual roles, i.e., the Iranian man and woman’s sexuality, as well as their sociological differences in exhibiting the ‘ideal body’ and the ‘desired body’ in accordance with the cultural model in children’s and young adults’ poetry. The theoretical framework of the discussion is informed by ideas of some of the authorities in sociology of the body and the research methodology is based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative content – experimental phenomenology. The paper concludes that the cultural model of organizing the body in children’s and young adults’ poetry is more in line with the traditional Iranian world and rejects the modern and consumerist viewpoint. Therefore, the roles have been divided between men and women or are expected of them in the form of the ideal and desired body

This article studies the metaphors in Sanā''ī’s ghazals with the pivotal theme of love. The theoretical basis of the article is the theory of conceptual metaphor which has elevated metaphor from a mere rhetorical technique to a device of cogitation and cognition. At first، we present the principles of the theory considering the key words and terms coined by cognitive linguists and then give a detailed account of love metaphors in Sanā''ī’s poems. Next، based on the thematic type، we categorize the metaphors into three groups: the metaphors which express a positive view of love، the ones which designate love as having negative characteristics and features and the double-edged metaphors. Subsequently، we analyze each group cognitively. The next entry is the aesthetic and rhetorical study of the metaphors under which we elucidate the main techniques as employed by Sanā''ī، the innovator of the rhetoric of mystical ghazal.

As the title indicates, the main purpose of this paper is to consider how the early mystics dealt with the essential concept of reason. To this end, we have examined forty works either written on or including the ideas of the mystics living in the first five centuries of the Islamic era. The findings are then placed in ten main categories: Reason and one’s knowledge of god; Reason and the Koran; Reason and Riligion; Reason and Ethics; Reason, this world, and hereafter; Reason and Mystical Hierarchies; Reason and Mystical states; Reason and Love; Reason and soul. Each category has then received its due attention. The paper intends to delineate how these mystics discuss divergent issues related to knowledge, this world, the hereafter and mysticism with reference to reason. Also, attempts are made to shed lights on the relationship between them. It must be admitted that these mystics had a limited view of reason; however, the very reference to reason in their arguments points to their concern about this concept. In fact, in their delineating of the limitations of reason in different realms of knowledge, they have resorted to the same notion (i.e reason). Although our main concern here is issues related to reason in one way or another, one can note the extent and diversity of knowledge theses mystics have touched upon in their works.